Compliance im öffentlichen Sektor : Untersuchung über den allfälligen Nutzen eines Compliance-Management-Systems in der öffentlichen Verwaltung am Beispiel des Bundesamtes für Gesundheit

Par Compliance, on entend l'ensemble des mesures organisationnelles d'une entreprise qui visent à assurer le respect des règles par l'entreprise et ses collaborateurs. Dans le secteur privé - surtout dans les banques et les assurances - la Compliance est un concept bien établi et le poste du Compliance Officer apparaît clairement dans l'organigramme des entreprises. Ce terme apparaît aussi de temps à autre au sein de l'administration fédérale, en relation avec la politique de gestion des risques et le système de contrôle interne (SCI) ; mais une introduction effective de la Compliance n'y a pas encore eu lieu (jusqu'ici). Les Américains ont l'habitude de dire « if you think compliance is expensive, try non compliance ». Cette déclaration, apparemment valable pour le secteur privé, peut-elle cependant être transposée telle quelle au secteur public ? L'introduction d'un système de management tel que la Compliance apporterait-elle effectivement une plus-value par rapport aux systèmes existants afin d'éviter les risques engendrant des conséquences juridiques ou causant une mauvaise réputation suite au non-respect de règles par des collaborateurs ? La présente étude se penche sur ces questions et analyse, sur la base de documents et d'interviews, quels éléments de la Compliance existent au niveau de la Confédération et au sein de l'Office fédéral de la santé publique (OFSP) et s'ils sont propres à atteindre les objectifs visés par la Compliance. Dans plusieurs domaines, on a pu constater des défauts et, par conséquent, un gros potentiel d'amélioration. Le problème principal est l'absence d'organisation au niveau de la Compliance. Cela complique la vue d'ensemble des risques juridiques et de ceux pouvant causer une mauvaise réputation qui existent au niveau de la Confédération et à l'OFSP et rend impossible un management homogène de ces risques. En conséquence et dans l'état actuel des choses, il pourrait s'avérer difficile d'éviter de manière durable la réalisation des risques susmentionnés au moyen des systèmes existants. D'un autre côté, la politique de gestion des risques au sein de la Confédération et l'introduction d'un système de contrôle interne (SCI) ont représenté les premiers pas en direction d'un système de gestion des risques intégré. La Compliance serait un complément idéal et pourrait - dans la mesure où la direction de l'Office la soutient et donne le bon exemple - contribuer à la réduction des risques décrits ci-dessus non seulement au niveau de la Confédération mais encore au sein de l'OFSP. La présente étude ne vise pas pour autant à critiquer les systèmes établis, mais bien plus à montrer le potentiel d'amélioration dont on pourrait tirer profit.

Animal model to compare the effects of suture technique on cross-sectional compliance on end-to-side anastomoses.

OBJECTIVE: An animal model has been developed to compare the effects of suture technique on the luminal dimensions and compliance of end-to-side vascular anastomoses. METHODS: Carotid and internal mammalian arteries (IMAs) were exposed in three pigs (90 kg). IMAs were sectioned distally to perform end-to-side anastomoses on carotid arteries. One anastomosis was performed with 7/0 polypropylene running suture. The other was performed with the automated suture delivery device (Perclose/Abbott Labs Inc.) that makes a 7/0 polypropylene interrupted suture. Four piezoelectric crystals were sutured on toe, heel and both lateral sides of each anastomosis to measure anastomotic axes. Anastomotic cross-sectional area (CSAA) was calculated with: CSAA = pi x mM/4 where m and M are the minor and major axes of the elliptical anastomosis. Cross-sectional anastomotic compliance (CSAC) was calculated as CSAC=Delta CSAA/Delta P where Delta P is the mean pulse pressure and Delta CSAA is the mean CSAA during cardiac cycle. RESULTS: We collected a total of 1200000 pressure-length data per animal. For running suture we had a mean systolic CSAA of 26.94+/-0.4 mm(2) and a mean CSAA in diastole of 26.30+/-0.5 mm(2) (mean Delta CSAA was 0.64 mm(2)). CSAC for running suture was 4.5 x 10(-6)m(2)/kPa. For interrupted suture we had a mean CSAA in systole of 21.98+/-0.2 mm(2) and a mean CSAA in diastole of 17.38+/-0.3 mm(2) (mean Delta CSAA was 4.6+/-0.1 mm(2)). CSAC for interrupted suture was 11 x 10(-6) m(2)/kPa. CONCLUSIONS: This model, even with some limitations, can be a reliable source of information improving the outcome of vascular anastomoses. The study demonstrates that suture technique has a substantial effect on cross-sectional anastomotic compliance of end-to-side anastomoses. Interrupted suture may maximise the anastomotic lumen and provides a considerably higher CSAC than continuous suture, that reduces flow turbulence, shear stress and intimal hyperplasia. The Heartflo anastomosis device is a reliable instrument that facilitates performance of interrupted suture anastomoses.

Compliance with dietary and nutrient recommendations in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Granada cohort at recruitment

BACKGROUND: The overall intake of energy and nutrients in the Granada EPIC-cohort (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition) is examined in order to assess compliance with the Spanish Nutritional Objectives (NO) and the Recommended Intakes (RI). METHODS: During recruitment (1992-1996), 7,789 participants, aged 35-69, were asked about diet through a validated diet history questionnaire. Nutrient intake is compared to the NO and RI that were valid at that time. Risk of inadequate intake is estimated as the percentage of the sample with intakes: ≤ 1/3 RI (high risk), ≤ 2/3 RI- > 1/3 RI (moderate risk), ≤ RI- > 2/3 RI, > RI. Differences in intakes have been analyzed by sex and age, and by smoking status and BMI. RESULTS: The daily intake of nutrients did not meet the NO as the total contribution of energy from proteins and fats exceeded these guidelines. Whilst intake of most nutrients was above the RI, the amount of iron, magnesium and vitamins D and E provided by the diet was not enough to meet the RI: in women aged 20-49 years, about 55% were at moderate risk for iron inadequacy, and a 20% of women for magnesium. Both sexes were at high risk of inadequacy for vitamin D, although sunlight exposure may supply adequate amounts. Never smokers showed a higher compliance to the NO. CONCLUSION: At recruitment, the nutrient profile of the diet was unbalanced. The observed nutrient inadequacy for iron, magnesium and vitamin E might be attributed to inappropriate dietary habits, and may have implications for future disease risk.

Compliance with guidelines-recommended processes in pneumonia: impact of health status and initial signs

Initial care has been associated with improved survival of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We aimed to investigate patient comorbidities and health status measured by the Charlson index and clinical signs at diagnosis associated with adherence to recommended processes of care in CAP. We studied 3844 patients hospitalized with CAP. The evaluated recommendations were antibiotic adherence to Spanish guidelines, first antibiotic dose <6 hours and oxygen assessment. Antibiotic adherence was 72.6%, first dose <6 h was 73.4% and oxygen assessment was 90.2%. Antibiotic adherence was negatively associated with a high Charlson score (Odds ratio [OR], 0.91), confusion (OR, 0.66) and tachycardia ≥100 bpm (OR, 0.77). Delayed first dose was significantly lower in those with tachycardia (OR, 0.75). Initial oxygen assessment was negatively associated with fever (OR, 0.61), whereas tachypnea ≥30 (OR, 1.58), tachycardia (OR, 1.39), age >65 (OR, 1.51) and COPD (OR, 1.80) were protective factors. The combination of antibiotic adherence and timing <6 hours was negatively associated with confusion (OR, 0.69) and a high Charlson score (OR, 0.92) adjusting for severity and hospital effect, whereas age was not an independent factor. Deficient health status and confusion, rather than age, are associated with lower compliance with antibiotic therapy recommendations and timing, thus identifying a subpopulation more prone to receiving lower quality care.

A fast-track program reduces complications and length of hospital stay after open colonic surgery.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: A fast-track program is a multimodal approach for patients undergoing colonic surgery that combines stringent regimens of perioperative care (fluid restriction, optimized analgesia, forced mobilization, and early oral feeding) to reduce perioperative morbidity, hospital stay, and cost. We investigated the impact of a fast-track protocol on postoperative morbidity in patients after open colonic surgery. METHODS: A randomized trial of patients in 4 teaching hospitals in Switzerland included 156 patients undergoing elective open colonic surgery who were assigned to either a fast-track program or standard care. The primary end point was the 30-day complication rate. Secondary end points were severity of complications, hospital stay, and compliance with the fast-track protocol. RESULTS: The fast-track protocol significantly decreased the number of complications (16 of 76 in the fast-track group vs 37 of 75 in the standard care group; P = .0014), resulting in shorter hospital stays (median, 5 days; range, 2-30 vs 9 days, respectively; range, 6-30; P < .0001). There was a trend toward less severe complications in the fast-track group. A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed fluid administration greater than the restriction limits (odds ratio, 4.198; 95% confidence interval, 1.7-10.366; P = .002) and a nonfunctioning epidural analgesia (odds ratio, 3.365; 95% confidence interval, 1.367-8.283; P = .008) as independent predictors of postoperative complications. CONCLUSIONS: The fast-track program reduces the rate of postoperative complications and length of hospital stay and should be considered as standard care. Fluid restriction and an effective epidural analgesia are the key factors that determine outcome of the fast-track program.

Monitoring compliance in resistant hypertension: an important step in patient management.

Poor compliance with antihypertensive drug regimens is one recognized cause of inadequate blood pressure control. Compliance is difficult to measure, so poor adherence to treatment remains largely undiagnosed in clinical practice. When the therapeutic response to a drug is not the one expected, it is a major challenge for many physicians to decide whether the patient is a non-responder or a non-complier. Poor compliance is therefore often incorrectly interpreted as a lack of response to treatment. Not detecting non-compliance can lead to the wrong measures being taken. Electronic monitoring of compliance provides important longitudinal information about drug-intake behaviour that cannot be obtained in the clinic. Such monitoring can improve both compliance and blood pressure control, and help physicians to make more rational therapeutic decisions. A reliable assessment of compliance could have a great impact on medical costs by preventing unnecessary investigations or dose adaptations in patients who are not taking their drugs adequately, or potentially reducing the number of hospitalizations. Side-effects and lack of effectiveness are two frequent causes of poor compliance. The right choice of antihypertensive drug can therefore contribute to compliance. In this respect, it is important to find a drug regimen that is effective, long-acting and well tolerated. Long-acting antihypertensive drugs that provide good blood pressure control beyond the 24-h dosing period should perhaps be considered as drugs of choice in non-compliant patients with hypertension because they help to prevent the consequences of occasional drug omissions.

Iowa EDI Claim and Reporting Compliance Handbook, July 2001

The purpose of this handbook is to provide the user with an educational and process reference guide. This is a guide that the reader may utilize to learn Iowa’s reporting and compliance system and also as a handy day-to-day document that may be referred to thereby assisting that individual and/or entity to understand and maintain compliance with Iowa Workers’ Compensation statutes and rules and the requirements required therein.

Iowa EDI Claim and Reporting Compliance Handbook, July 2000

The Iowa EDI Implementation Guide is designed to help any individuals or businesses understand and implement the IAIABC’s Release 2 EDI package. In order to process workers’ compensation claims in Iowa after July 1, 2001, that information will have to be exchanged using EDI as the IAIABC and State of Iowa have standardized. Below are sections that make this process easier to understand.

Report on Compliance with IPERS Requirements for Certain Members from the LuVerne Community School District, 2005

Report on Compliance with IPERS Requirements for Certain Members from the LuVerne Community School District

Matters Relating to a Forced Move of, Use of a Chemical Agent on and Withdrawal of Medication for Inmate Craig Gardner, 1994

Case Number 91-151 Craig Gardner, an inmate in the Iowa prison system, was the subject of a force move by correctional officers while incarcerated at the Iowa State Penitentiary (ISP). This action involved the use of a chemical agent. This investigation began as a review of the use of a chemical agent in a forced cell move on June 30, 1991.

State of Iowa Public Drinking Water Program 1996 Annual Compliance Report, December 1997

This report contains information about Iowa's public drinking water program for the calendar year 1996. Included in the report are descriptions of Iowa's systems, monitoring and reporting requirements of the systems, and violations incurred during the year. This report meets the federal Safe Drinking Water Act's requirement of an annual report on violations of national primary drinking water regulations by public water supply systems in Iowa.

State of Iowa Public Drinking Water Program 1997 Annual Compliance Report, June 1998

This report contains information about Iowa's public drinking water program for the calendar year 1997. Included in the report are descriptions of Iowa's systems, monitoring and reporting requirements of the systems, and violations incurred during the year. This report meets the federal Safe Drinking Water Act's requirement of an annual report on violations of national primary drinking water regulations by public water supply systems in Iowa.

State of Iowa Public Drinking Water Program 1998 Annual Compliance Report, June 1999

This report contains information about Iowa's public drinking water program for the calendar year 1998. Included in the report are descriptions of Iowa's systems, monitoring and reporting requirements of the systems, and violations incurred during the year. This report meets the federal Safe Drinking Water Act's requirement of an annual report on violations of national primary drinking water regulations by public water supply systems in Iowa.