Low torque loss gears: austempered ductile iron versus carburized steel

Low-loss power transmission gears operate at lower temperature than conventional ones because their teeth geometry is optimized to reduce friction. The main objective of this work is to compare the operating stabilization temperature and efficiency of low-loss austempered ductile iron (ADI) and carburized steel gears. Three different low-loss tooth geometries were adopted (types 311, 411 and 611, all produced using standard 20° pressure angle tools) and corresponding steel and ADI gears were tested in a FZG machine. The results obtained showed that low-loss geometries had a significant influence on power loss, gears 611 generating lower power loss than gears 311. At low speeds (500 and 1000 rpm) and high torque ADI gears generated lower power loss than steel gears. However, at high speed and high torque (high input power and high stabilization temperature) steel gears had better efficiency.

PHLEBOTOMINE FAUNA (DIPTERA: PSYCHODIDAE) IN AN AREA OF FISHING TOURISM IN CENTRAL-WESTERN BRAZIL

The aim of this study was to identify behavioral aspects of the sandfly fauna of a fishing tourism area in the municipality of Bonito (MS). Monthly captures were undertaken from December 2009 to November 2010, using automatic CDC type light traps, from 18h00 to 06h00, in a forested area, a savannah area, peridomiciles and animal shelters near peridomiciliary areas. Nyssomyia whitmani was the most frequent out of a total of 6,699 specimens collected, belonging to 16 species, followed by Psathyromyia bigeniculata and Lutzomyia longipalpis, found in all the environments investigated, though in their greatest numbers in the animal shelters. Ny. whitmani exhibited its highest frequencies during the dry months, coincident with the fishing season, when the risk of transmission of cutaneous leishmaniasis for tourists and inhabitants increases. Noteworthy was the finding of two species naturally infected by flagellates: Ny. whitmani and Pa. bigeniculata. The local population and visiting tourists should be warned of the threat posed by leishmaniasis and the health authorities alerted to the need for adopting environmental sanitary measures, especially regarding such animal shelters as they seem to provide favorable conditions to the proliferation, maintenance and breeding opportunities of phlebotomines.

Beriberi epidemic within rural Muslin fishing communities in Guiné - Bissau

Beriberi, ou cardiopatia e polineuropatia ligada à deficiência de tiamina, foi, antigamente, um flagelo nas populações. Os mais notáveis surtos de beriberi ocorreram após o advento da moagem de massa de arroz, em várias zonas da Ásia, no final do século XIX. Com a descoberta de vitamina B1, "anti-beriberi", e, subsequentemente, o enriquecimento de alimentos e as campanhas de sensibilização de saúde pública, a doença foi esquecida por muitos profissionais de saúde. Contudo, sabe-se que, hoje em dia, em diferentes partes do mundo, muitos casos de beriberi são os focos primários de epidemias de outras deficiências potencialmentes fatais, em comunidades vulneráveis. Determinados alimentos, assim como o álcool, são conhecidos para reduzir a absorção de vitamina B1. A Encefalopatia de Wernicke, a deficiência de tiamina mais conhecida pelos médicos que trabalham em países desenvolvidos, está associada à ingestão de álcool. Estudos recentes demonstraram, por um lado, atrasos significativos do desenvolvimento neurolinguístico em crianças alimentadas com leite sem tiamina, assim como uma possível correlação entre malária grave e deficiencia em Vitamina B1, o que reforça a importância desta vitamina na saúde das populações. A Guiné-Bissau, um país fragilizado pelos conflitos coloniais e pós-coloniais, instabilidade política, tráfico de droga e deficiente acesso à Saúde, continua sendo um dos países mais pobres do mundo. A maioria da população vive da agricultura de subsistência, pesca e colheita de cajú. O Islão é practicado por quase metade da população, e as religiões animistas e cristãs compõem as outras religiões principais do país. De acordo com a fé islâmica, os muçulmanos da Guiné-Bissau praticam o jejum, em função da luz do dia, durante o mês de Ramadão. Existe pouca investigação publicada sobre os efeitos nutricionais e na saúde deste ritual. Este trabalho é o primeiro a relacionar uma deficiência de micronutrientes ao mês sagrado do Ramadão. Esta tese apresenta casos clínicos de beriberi em comunidades rurais muçulmanas, que ocorreram no final da época das chuvas, que coincide com o mês de Ramadão. A análise dos dados mostra que, uma vez que alguns dos doentes apresentavam os mesmos sintomas, repetidamente, todos os anos, estes casos podem refletir a ponta do iceberg da ocorrência de beriberi na Guiné-Bissau. Parte da discussão centra-se na necessidade de mais investigação para confirmar o grau de deficiência na população em geral, efeitos de deficiência de tiamina relacionados com a malária, e consequências possíveis da deficiência marginal, a longo prazo, desta vitamina na saúde. A discussão apresenta ainda sugestões práticas para a redução da incidência da deficiência de vitamina B1 na Guiné-Bissau.

Trauma and envenoming caused by stingrays and other fish in a fishing community in Pontal do Paranapanema, state of São Paulo, Brazil: epidemiology, clinical aspects, and therapeutic and preventive measures

INTRODUCTION: Accidents caused by fish are common in inland fishing communities in Brazil, being work-related injuries in the majority of cases. These populations have no information on the mechanisms of trauma or envenoming. METHODS: Through a questionnaire administered to fishermen, we obtained clinical and epidemiological data on accidents in Rosana, Pontal do Paranapanema, State of São Paulo, Brazil. These data were analyzed and converted into an easily understood prevention and treatment program for the colony. RESULTS: Thirty-nine fishermen replied to the survey. All of the patients had been hurt by fish. Of those mentioned, the yellow catfish (Pimelodus maculatus) was the main fish species associated with injuries, but others also caused trauma to the fishermen. Six fishermen had been envenomed by stingrays. Pain and ulcers were the main symptoms and were described as intolerable. Approximately half of those injured were treated using traditional folk remedies. CONCLUSIONS: The fishermen suffered multiple accidents with catfish, which are venomous and cause intense pain, as well as trauma due to other fish, such as surubins, traíras, freshwater croakers, and piranhas. Approximately 16% of those interviewed presented with envenomation from stingrays. Our data and previous experience in the area led to the creation of a pamphlet with clear language that can effectively help fishermen in the region, an area in need of health services and disease prevention. This initiative also applies to the whole La Plata River basin, which has similar fauna.

Fishing the key biological components of the bacterium Geobacter metallireducens for optimal biotechnological applications

Os resultados apresentados no capítulo 2 foram incluídos no artigo Dantas JM, Campelo LM, Duke NEC, Salgueiro CA, Pokkuluri PR (2015) "The structure of PccH from Geobacter sulfurreducens – a novel low reduction potential monoheme cytochrome essential for accepting electrons from an electrode", FEBS Journal, 282, 2215-2231.

On the standardization of the fishing effort

In this note we demonstrate that the use of an index to standardize the fishing effort using the cpue of a standard vessel or gear is mistaken, once the cpues- catch per unit of total effort after standardization is similar to cpues - catch per unit of effort of the standard vesel or gear arbitrarily chosen.

Peacock bass mortality associated with catch-and-release sport fishing in the Negro River, Amazonas State, Brazil

Sport fishing for peacock bass Cichla spp. in the Brazilian Amazon has increased in popularity and attracts anglers who generate significant economic benefits in rural regions. The sustainability of this fishery is partly dependent on the survival of fish caught through catch-and-release fishing. The objective of this work was to investigate, hooking mortality of Cichla spp., including speckled peacock bass (C. temensis Humbolt), butterfly peacock bass (C. orinocensis Humbolt), and popoca peacock bass (C. monoculus Agassiz) in the basin of the Negro River, the largest tributary of the Amazon River. Fish were caught at two different sites using artificial lures, transported to pens anchored in the river and monitored for 72 hours. A total of 162 individual peacock bass were captured and hooking mortality (mean % ± 95% confidence intervals) was calculated. Mean mortality was 3.5% (± 5.0), 2.3% (± 3.5) and 5.2% (± 10.2) for speckled peacock bass, butterfly peacock bass, and popoca peacock bass, respectively. Lengths of captured fish ranged from 26 to 79 cm (standard length), however, only fish under 42 cm died. This research suggests that catch-and-release sport fishing of peacock bass does not result in substantial mortality in the Negro River basin.

Fisheries : Zoological results of the fishing experiments carried out by F.I.S. "Endeavor" 1909-10 under H.C. Dannevig, / Commonwealth Director of Fisheries.

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Fisheries : Zoological results of the fishing experiments carried out by F.I.S. "Endeavor" 1909-10 under H.C. Dannevig, / Commonwealth Director of Fisheries.

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Fisheries : Zoological results of the fishing experiments carried out by F.I.S. "Endeavor" 1909-10 under H.C. Dannevig, / Commonwealth Director of Fisheries.

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Fisheries : Zoological results of the fishing experiments carried out by F.I.S. "Endeavor" 1909-10 under H.C. Dannevig, / Commonwealth Director of Fisheries.

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Fishing: an aspect of oceanic economy: an archaeological approach / [by] Fred M. Reinman.

v.56:no.2(1967)

World fishing fleets : an analysis of distant-water fleet operations, past, present, future. prepared by William B. Folsom, David J. Rovinsky, Dennis M. Weidner.

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World fishing fleets : an analysis of distant-water fleet operations, past, present, future. prepared by U.S. Embassies overseas ; assembled by Frederick H. Beaudry, William B. Folsom, David J. Rovinsky.

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World fishing fleets : an analysis of distant-water fleet operations, past, present, future. prepared by Mark R. Wildman.

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