Biomass production and essential oil yield from leaves, fine stems and resprouts using pruning the crown of Aniba canelilla (H.B.K.) (Lauraceae) in the Central Amazon

Aniba canelilla (H.B.K.) Mez. is a tree species from Amazon that produces essential oil. The oil extraction from its leaves and stems can be an alternative way to avoid the tree cutting for production of essential oil. The aim of this study was to analyse factors that may influence the essential oil production and the biomass of resprouts after pruning the leaves and stems of A. canelilla trees. The tree crowns were pruned in the wet season and after nine months the leaves and stems of the remaining crown and the resprouts were collected, in the dry season. The results showed that the essential oil yield and chemical composition differed among the stems, leaves and resprouts. The stems' essential oil production differed between the seasons and had a higher production in the resprouting stems than the old stems of the remaining crown. The production of essential oil and leaf biomass of resprouts were differently related to the canopy openness, indicating that light increases the production of the essential oil and decreases the biomass of resprouting leaves. This study revealed that plant organs differ in their essential oil production and that the canopy openness must be taken into account when pruning the A. canelilla tree crown in order to achieve higher oil productivity.

Fine time scaling of purifying selection on human nonsynonymous mtDNA mutations based on the worldwide population tree and mother-child pairs

A high-resolution mtDNA phylogenetic tree allowed us to look backward in time to investigate purifying selection. Purifying selection was very strong in the last 2,500 years, continuously eliminating pathogenic mutations back until the end of the Younger Dryas (∼11,000 years ago), when a large population expansion likely relaxed selection pressure. This was preceded by a phase of stable selection until another relaxation occurred in the out-of-Africa migration. Demography and selection are closely related: expansions led to relaxation of selection and higher pathogenicity mutations significantly decreased the growth of descendants. The only detectible positive selection was the recurrence of highly pathogenic nonsynonymous mutations (m.3394T>C-m.3397A>G-m.3398T>C) at interior branches of the tree, preventing the formation of a dinucleotide STR (TATATA) in the MT-ND1 gene. At the most recent time scale in 124 mother-children transmissions, purifying selection was detectable through the loss of mtDNA variants with high predicted pathogenicity. A few haplogroup-defining sites were also heteroplasmic, agreeing with a significant propensity in 349 positions in the phylogenetic tree to revert back to the ancestral variant. This nonrandom mutation property explains the observation of heteroplasmic mutations at some haplogroup-defining sites in sequencing datasets, which may not indicate poor quality as has been claimed.

არქეოლოგიური მოგზაურობა რაჭაში. 1919 და 1920 წწ.

წინამდებარე ნაშრომი წარმოადგენს აკად. ექვთიმე თაყაიშვილის 1919 და 1920 წლებში რაჭაში არქეოლოგიური მოგზაურობის ანგარიშს. აღნიშნული ანგარიში არ მოიცავს რაჭას მთლიანად. სახელოვანი მეცნიერის დაკვირვებანი გვაძლევენ დიდად საყურადღებო მონაცემებს არქიტექტურულ ძეგლებზე, მოხატულობებზე, ოქრომჭედლობის ნაწარმოებებზე და ხელოვნების სხვა ნივთებზე, წარწერებზე და მათში მოხსენებულ ისტორიულ პირებზე. ექვთიმე თაყაიშვილის ნაშრომს ძვირფასი წვლილი შეაქვს რაჭის ისტორიული წარსულის კვლევის საქმეში.

Wideband impedance spectrum analyzer with arbitry fine frequency resolution for in situ sensor applications

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Diss., 2009

Studies in the palm genus Syagrus Mart. [by] Sidney F. Glassman.

v.31:no.17(1968)

The Analyst : monthly journal of science, literature, and the fine arts.

v. 10 (1839)

The Analyst : monthly journal of science, literature, and the fine arts.

v. 4 (1836)

The Analyst : monthly journal of science, literature, and the fine arts.

v. 2 (1835)

The Analyst : monthly journal of science, literature, and the fine arts.

v. 1 (1834)

The Analyst : monthly journal of science, literature, and the fine arts.

v. 6 (1837)

The Analyst : monthly journal of science, literature, and the fine arts.

v. 5 (1836-1837)

The Analyst : monthly journal of science, literature, and the fine arts.

v. 3 (1835-1836)

Flora of Peru: Family compositae : Walter C. Holmes, Sidney McDaniel.

n.s. no.9(1982)