1000 resultados para Filmes finos - Propriedades ópticas
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Dissertação efectuada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre de Engenharia de Materiais
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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia de Materiais
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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Nanotecnologias e Nanociências
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Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) - projeto, PTDC_FIS_116719_2010 com o título “Determinação direta da massa do neutrino: contribuição Portuguesa para MARE”,bolsa de investigação (PTDC_FIS_116719_2010)
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O objetivo deste projeto é implementar e explorar um sistema de espectroscopia ótica de emissão para monitorizar e tentar correlacionar os espectros óticos de emissão da descarga produzida por mais que um cátodo com a composição de filmes finos com gradiente em profundidade obtidos por co-deposição utilizando dois cátodos magnetrão. O projeto foi desenvolvido Laboratório de Plasmas e Aplicações da Linha 2/CEFITEC. Numa primeira fase reativou-se o sistema de deposição de filmes binários (SIDEBI) e um dos cátodos magnetrão, para funcionar no modo de obtenção de filmes em codeposição com dois cátodos. O sistema foi reconfigurado, testado, detetando e corrigindo anomalias de funcionamento. Na segunda fase do projeto instalou-se o acoplamento da fibra ótica a câmara de vácuo. Para a aquisição dos espectros, adaptou-se um programa em LabView 13.0 de controlo simultâneo das fontes de tensão já existente, para que este possa controlar o espectrómetro ótico AvaSpec-3648-USB2 da Avantes e adquirir os espectros óticos de emissão da descarga obtida pelos cátodos. Na fase final dos trabalhos produziram-se filmes com gradiente de composição em profundidade e analisaram-se os espectros óticos obtidos em cada etapa da deposição para definir as linhas espectrais a serem monitorizadas e a sua relação com as taxas de deposição estimadas de cada metal. A composição dos filmes foi posteriormente analisada por RBS e os seus resultados comparados com os estimados a partir das curvas de calibração da potência da descarga em função das taxas de deposição dos materiais. O capítulo 1 apresenta uma introdução aos temas das descargas luminescentes anómalas, deposição catódica e espectroscopia ótica de emissão. No capítulo 2 são apresentados os diversos sistemas utilizados na realização do trabalho experimental. Numa primeira fase apresenta-se o sistema de deposição de filmes por pulverização catódica. Numa segunda fase são descritas as modificações efetuadas a este sistema de deposição necessárias para a implementação de um sistema de espectroscopia ótica de emissão. É também aqui descrito método de implementação deste sistema de espectroscopia e a sua constituição. O capítulo 3 descreve o método abordado para tratamento dos espectros de emissão obtidos nas descargas, e são apresentados os resultados obtidos e a respetiva análise. No capítulo 4 são apresentadas as conclusões referentes ao trabalho realizado.
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In this work we describe the synthesis and characterization of chalcogenide glass (0.3La2S3-0.7Ga2S 3) with low phonons frequencies. Several properties were measured like Sellmeier parameters, linear refractive index dispersion and material dispersion. Samples with the composition above were doped with Dy2S3. The absorption and emission characteristics were measured by electronic spectroscopy and fluorescence spectrum respectively. Raman and infrared spectroscopy shows that these glasses present low phonons frequencies and strucuture composed by GaS4 tetrahedrals. The Lines model was used for calculate the coefficients values of the non linear refractive index.
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This review focus the more relevant foundations and applications of the Metallo-Organic Decomposition (MOD) technique, mainly within the last decade. The technique has grown significantly, mainly due to the good results concerning the preparation of multicomponent oxide systems with composition, structural and morphologic control, in a relatively simple way. This opened new opportunities to obtain materials with well-defined electrical and optical properties.
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Tungsten oxide thin films with three different compositions were deposited by reactive sputtering in an oxygen-argon plasma. In a system composed of a home made photochemical reactor coupled with an optic fiber spectrophotometer, the photochromic effect was studied in these oxide films as function of UV irradiation time, in ethanol, methanol and formaldehyde atmospheres. It was observed that the photochromic efficiency depends on the vapor chemical nature where the film is irradiated as well as the film composition. Kinetic analysis suggest that two kinds of optical absorption centers should respond by the photochromic effect in these films, one generated at film surface and other inside it, which one presenting a different time constant.
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We have produced nanocomposite films of Ni:SiO2 by an alternative polymeric precursor route. Films, with thickness of ~ 1000 nm, were characterized by several techniques including X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, flame absorption atomic spectrometry, and dc magnetization. Results from the microstructural characterizations indicated that metallic Ni-nanoparticles with average diameter of ~ 3 nm are homogeneously distributed in an amorphous SiO2 matrix. Magnetization measurements revealed a blocking temperature T B ~ 7 K for the most diluted sample and the absence of an exchange bias suggesting that Ni nanoparticles are free from an oxide layer.
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This work focuses in optimizing setup for obtaining TiO2 thin films by polymeric precursor route due to its advantages on stoichiometric and morphological control. Precursor stoichiometry, synthesis pH, solids concentration and rotation speed at deposition were optimized evaluating thin films morphology and thickness. Thermogravimetry and RMN were applied for precursor's characterization and AFM, XRD and ellipsometry for thin films evaluation. Results showed successful attainment of homogeneous nanocrystalline anatase TiO2 thin films with outstanding control over morphological characteristics, mean grain size of 17 nm, packing densities between 57 and 75%, estimated surface areas of 90 m²/g and monolayers thickness within 20 and 128 nm.
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Structure and first hyperpolarizability for a series of armchair a(5,5) chemically modified carbon nanotubes (CNT) were calculated at semiempirical and density functional levels of theory. The 4,4´-substituted stilbenes were selected as chromophore with substituents at position 4´ set to X=NO2, H, Cl, OH and NH2. The calculated values for static first hyperpolarizability (β) were almost linearly dependent on the electronic effect of the group X, increasing from NO2 to NH2. At DFT level the effect of inserting the chromophore in the CNT surface was to enhance the β value up to 70% relative to the free 4,4´-substituted stilbene.
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Speciation of metals in a synthetic freshwater was comparatively evaluated using Anodic Stripping Voltammetry, Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films and a Chemical Equilibrium Model. The labile fractions of Cu and Zn quantified by DGT were similar to the ones measured by ASV. The labile species of Cd and Pb could not be determined by both experimental methods due to the formation of inert complexes with organic ligands in the sample. Despite the differences among the methods, the speciation results obtained by the use of DGT and ASV agreed well with predictions made by the chemical equilibrium model.
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TiO2 thin films were prepared by the sol-gel method using different acids (HCl and HAc), with a parallel evaluation of the gel ageing effects on the film properties. After the thermal treatments, the resulting materials were characterized through gravimetric analysis, UV-VIS spectrophotometry (from which optical parameters such as band gap was derived), XRD, morphological surface analysis (AFM) and photocatalytic activity. The majority of the obtained thin films parameters were similar independent of the acid type and the ageing time of the gel. Nevertheless, a visible effect of the surface morphology properties on the films and their photocatalytic activity was observed.
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The DGT technique allows one to measure quantitatively free and labile metal species in aquatic systems. Nevertheless, for this approach, knowledge is required of the diffusion coefficients of the analytes in a diffusive layer. In this study, the diffusion coefficients of Hg(II), As(III), Mn(II), Mg(II), Cu(II), Cd(II) were determined in agarose gel and those of Ba(II), Cd(II), Cu(II), Mg(II), Mn(II) e Zn(II) in cellulose acetate membranes. These materials presented good performance and the reported results can be used as a data base for further DGT studies.