Influência da humidade no comportamento mecânico de compósitos de madeira-plástico

As crescentes questões ambientais têm vindo a impor, entre outras, a necessidade da reciclagem dos desperdícios produzidos por diversos setores (agricultura, indústria e serviços). Nesta ótica têm vindo a surgir um conjunto alargado de produtos compósitos que incluem os compósitos de madeira-plástico (Wood Plastic Composites). Estes compósitos têm vindo a competir com os produtos de madeira em diversos nichos de mercado, sendo o maior deles os revestimentos de piso em ambiente exterior, vulgarmente designados de deckings. Estes compósitos são comercializados salientando as suas vantagens relativamente à madeira maciça, como seja maior durabilidade biológica e menor variabilidade de propriedades mecânicas e físicas. No final do ano 2013 e início de 2014, foram reportadas uma série de anomalias na aplicação de réguas de compósitos madeira-plástico, nomeadamente a diminuição do desempenho físico e mecânico destes materiais, quando sujeitos a períodos prolongados de humidificação. Embora, para a maioria dos casos reportados, estas anomalias se devam a condições deficientes de aplicação, a possibilidade de alteração de características à flexão, quando sujeitos a condições de uma aplicação exterior, ainda não se encontra bem estudada. Na presente dissertação são avaliados e apresentados os efeitos no comportamento à flexão de três tipos diferentes de réguas de compósito madeira-plástico, quando sujeitos a condições de humidade permanente ou cíclica. Para este efeito, foram conduzidos um conjunto de ensaios, nomeadamente, de flexão para determinação da pré-carga, de resistência à humidade e de variação dimensional e de módulo de elasticidade devido à imersão em água e a ambiente húmido. Posteriormente, os resultados obtidos foram sujeitos a uma verificação aos Estados Limite de Serviço. Os resultados revelaram reduzidas variações dimensionais (inchamento) e perdas significativas de módulo de elasticidade, apenas devido à exposição a elevados níveis de humidade, mostrando-se o caso de exposição prolongada a água líquida o mais gravoso. Relativamente aos Estados Limite de Serviço, sobretudo a longo prazo, os resultados mostraram-se bastante gravosos, nomeadamente para o material de menor qualidade.

Degradation of all-inkjet-printed organic thin-film transistors with TIPS-pentacene under processes applied in textile manufacturing

Printed electronics represent an alternative solution for the manufacturing of low-temperature and large area flexible electronics. The use of inkjet printing is showing major advantages when compared to other established printing technologies such as, gravure, screen or offset printing, allowing the reduction of manufacturing costs due to its efficient material usage and the direct-writing approach without requirement of any masks. However, several technological restrictions for printed electronics can hinder its application potential, e.g. the device stability under atmospheric or even more stringent conditions. Here, we study the influence of specific mechanical, chemical, and temperature treatments usually appearing in manufacturing processes for textiles on the electrical performance of all-inkjet-printed organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). Therefore, OTFTs where manufactured with silver electrodes, a UV curable dielectric, and 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentance (TIPS-pentacene) as the active semiconductor layer. All the layers were deposited using inkjet printing. After electrical characterization of the printed OTFTs, a simple encapsulation method was applied followed by the degradation study allowing a comparison of the electrical performance of treated and not treated OTFTs. Industrial calendering, dyeing, washing and stentering were selected as typical textile processes and treatment methods for the printed OTFTs. It is shown that the all-inkjet-printed OTFTs fabricated in this work are functional after their submission to the textiles processes but with degradation in the electrical performance, exhibiting higher degradation in the OTFTs with shorter channel lengths (L=10 μm).

Study of the tightness of the metallization used on top of a thin film capacitor cell

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia de Materiais

Multifunctional Ti–Me (Me=Al, Cu) thin film systems for biomedical sensing devices

Ti-Me binary intermetallic thin films based on a titanium matrix doped with increasing amounts of Me (Me = Al, Cu) were prepared by magnetron sputtering (under similar conditions), aiming their application in biomedical sensing devices. The differences observed on the composition and on the micro(structural) features of the films, attributed to changes in the discharge characteristics, were correlated with the electrical properties of the intermetallic systems (Ti-Al and Ti-Cu). For the same Me exposed areas placed on the Ti target (ranging from 0.25 cm2 to 20 cm2) the Cu content increased from 3.5 at.% to 71.7 at.% in the Ti-Cu system and the Al content, in Ti-Al films, ranged from 11 to 45 at.%. The structural characterization evidenced the formation of metastable Ti-Me intermetallic phases for Al/Ti atomic ratios above 0.20 and for Cu/Ti ratios above 0.25. For lower Me concentrations, the effect of the α-Ti(Me) structure domains the overall structure. With the increase amount of the Me into Ti structure a clear trend for amorphization was observed. For both systems it was observed a significant decrease of the electrical resistivity with increasing Me/Ti atomic ratios (higher than 0.5 for Al/Ti atomic ratio and higher than 1.3 for Cu/Ti atomic ratio). Although similar trends were observed in the resistivity evolution for both systems, the Ti-Cu films presented lower resistivity values in comparison to Ti-Al system.

Flexible gastrointestinal motility pressure sensors based on aluminum thin-film strain-gauge arrays

This paper reports on an innovative approach to measuring intraluminal pressure in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, especially monitoring GI motility and peristaltic movements. The proposed approach relies on thin-film aluminum strain gauges deposited on top of a Kapton membrane, which in turn lies on top of an SU-8 diaphragm-like structure. This structure enables the Kapton membrane to bend when pressure is applied, thereby affecting the strain gauges and effectively changing their electrical resistance. The sensor, with an area of 3.4 mm2, is fabricated using photolithography and standard microfabrication techniques (wet etching). It features a linear response (R2 = 0.9987) and an overall sensitivity of 2.6 mV mmHg−1. Additionally, its topology allows a high integration capability. The strain gauges’ responses to pressure were studied and the fabrication process optimized to achieve high sensitivity, linearity, and reproducibility. The sequential acquisition of the different signals is carried out by a microcontroller, with a 10-bit ADC and a sample rate of 250 Hz. The pressure signals are then presented in a user-friendly interface, developed using the Integrated Development Environment software, QtCreator IDE, for better visualization by physicians.

Flexible thin-film lithium battery

Tese de Doutoramento Programa Doutoral em Engenharia Electrónica e Computadores.

Wärmeübergang bei der Sprühkühlung mit intermittierenden Sprays im Film- und Übergangssiedebereich

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Verfahrens- und Systemtechnik, Diss., 2015

Tomato response to a high light transmission greenhouse film

Increasing greenhouse light transmission has a positive effect not only in Northern latitudes but in Mediterranean countries as well. A greenhouse, H2, with a tetrafluoroethylene copolymer 60 microns film, (Asahi Glass company, Aflex) characterised by its high light transmission and durability was compared to another greenhouse with a co-extruded film considered as a control, H1. Tomato crop response to the increase in light during winter and summer with high temperature and light was evaluated. Light transmission in H2 remained very high in spite of the observed dust accumulation and the low angle of incidence of the winter solar radiation. Transmissivity was clearly higher for H2 (81 to 83 % throughout the season) than in the control (around 63 %). The rest of the climatic parameters were similar in both greenhouses, either in the winter or in the summer evaluations. In spite of the high solar radiation in H2, the summer temperature could be maintained at the desired levels by using evaporative cooling. Accumulated tomato yield and quality was better in the H2 greenhouse (15 % more for the winter crop and 27% more for the summer crop). Fruit size was bigger in the winter crop. As an overall conclusion, the use of high light transmissive films in Mediterranean areas is very convenient for many vegetable crops. This is valid not only in winter but in summer, provided the greenhouse has good ventilation or evaporative cooling to overcome the increase in sensible heat caused by this increase in light..

Ciné-cures (film)

Enquête à visée réflexive autour d'une mission de terrain effectuée à Mexico D.F. sur les états dits « altérés » de la conscience.