Alterações de equilíbrio postural e qualidade de vida em mulheres no ciclo gravídico puerperal

INTRODUCTION: The pregnancy and childbirth cause many changes in a woman's life, whether physical, hormonal, emotional or social. Such changes may affect the postural balance and the quality of life of women in pregnancy and may persist after delivery. To analyze changes in postural balance and quality of life in women in pregnancy and postpartum. METHODS: This study consisted of 47 women participants of the Course for Pregnant Women of the Department of Physical Therapy at UFRN, evaluated during pregnancy (2° or 3° trimester) and in the period 1-8 months postpartum. In all participants was evaluated the postural balance, the Balance Master® in five specific tests: (1) Modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction on Balance-MCTSIB; (2) Rhythmic Weight Shift Test - RWS (3) unilateral stance - US, (4) Sit to Stand - STS, and (5) Walk Across - WA. The quality of life (QoL) was assessed by applying the Quality Score of life Ferrans & Powers (IQVFP), both during pregnancy and in the postpartum period. For statistical analysis we used the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software for Personal Computer- SPSS (version 20.0), applying the tests: Shapiro-Wilk to assess the normality of the data; Chi-square to analyze the frequency of postural balance changes in the two groups of pregnancy and postpartum in both groups; McNemar test to analyze balance disorders frequency of related samples in the two time points; to compare the behavior of postural balance during pregnancy and postpartum, and to compare the QoL between the periods, we used the Wilcoxon test; and yet, the MannWhitney test to compare the QoL scores in the two groups of pregnancy and postpartum in both groups. We adopted p-value <0.05. RESULTS: Comparing the postural balance during pregnancy and postpartum in MSTSIB test has statistical difference in unstable surface with closed eyes (p=0.001) and in the US test, the speed of oscillation with right leg with eyes closed (p=0,03). Quality of life, there was statistical difference between the scores only among postpartum groups, the family domain (p=0.03); and to comparing pregnancy and postpartum in domain health and operation (p=0.02) and the Socioeconomic domain (p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: It was observed that the balance changes present during pregnancy persist postpartum, and the quality of life is considered good by women, both during pregnancy and postpartum.

A produção do cuidado no período gravídico-puerperal: experiência de mulheres usuárias de serviços públicos de saúde

Despite numerous government projects aimed at reorganizing and qualifying obstetric and neonatal care in Brazil, it remains problematic, with repercussions for maternal and newborn mortality and humanized care of both the mother and child. The objective of this study was to analyze the care provided to women during the pregnancy-puerperium cycle, based on reports of public health service users regarding their pregnancy and delivery experiences, using comprehensiveness and humanization as reference. The study applied a qualitative approach and the methodological strategy consisted of listening to the women, in order to identify, based on the meanings of their discourse concerning their experiences with health services, continuities and discontinuities of care during the pregnancy-puerperium cycle. Study participants were women who gave birth at a municipal public maternity, residents of Natal, Brazil, who at the time of the interviews, were between 10 and 42 days postpartum. Seven women reported their pregnancy and delivery experiences at public services. As interviews and observation took place, the material produced was also analyzed, in order to achieve simultaneous production and data analysis. Using systematization, a dialogue was established between the women’s discourses and production in the field of Collective Health, with respect to concepts and discussion about obstetric and neonatal care as well as the Comprehensiveness and Humanization of such care. Participant discourses underscored aspects related to prenatal care starting at pregnancy and its repercussions as well as prenatal monitoring by health services; aspects associated with care during labor and delivery, as well as those involved in postpartum in the maternity, both with respect to newborn and maternal careç and lastly, puerperium care after discharge from the maternity. Analysis of results sought to identify lines of continuity and discontinuity in the comprehensiveness and humanization of care. Based on these lines and as final contributions of the study, the following paths were proposed to achieve comprehensive and humanized production of health care for women during the pregnancy-puerperium cycle: Path 1- Reassess care in the maternal and newborn health network, aimed at comprehensiveness in terms of guaranteeing access to the various services and technological resources available to enhance health and life. Path 2- Reorganize work processes in order to attain comprehensive and humanized care for women in the pregnancy-puerperium cycle. Path 3 – Qualify the professional-user relationship in care management during the pregnancy-puerperium cycle. Path 4 – Invest in the qualification of communication processes in the different dimensions of care during the pregnancy-puerperium cycle.

A produção do cuidado no período gravídico-puerperal: experiência de mulheres usuárias de serviços públicos de saúde

Despite numerous government projects aimed at reorganizing and qualifying obstetric and neonatal care in Brazil, it remains problematic, with repercussions for maternal and newborn mortality and humanized care of both the mother and child. The objective of this study was to analyze the care provided to women during the pregnancy-puerperium cycle, based on reports of public health service users regarding their pregnancy and delivery experiences, using comprehensiveness and humanization as reference. The study applied a qualitative approach and the methodological strategy consisted of listening to the women, in order to identify, based on the meanings of their discourse concerning their experiences with health services, continuities and discontinuities of care during the pregnancy-puerperium cycle. Study participants were women who gave birth at a municipal public maternity, residents of Natal, Brazil, who at the time of the interviews, were between 10 and 42 days postpartum. Seven women reported their pregnancy and delivery experiences at public services. As interviews and observation took place, the material produced was also analyzed, in order to achieve simultaneous production and data analysis. Using systematization, a dialogue was established between the women’s discourses and production in the field of Collective Health, with respect to concepts and discussion about obstetric and neonatal care as well as the Comprehensiveness and Humanization of such care. Participant discourses underscored aspects related to prenatal care starting at pregnancy and its repercussions as well as prenatal monitoring by health services; aspects associated with care during labor and delivery, as well as those involved in postpartum in the maternity, both with respect to newborn and maternal careç and lastly, puerperium care after discharge from the maternity. Analysis of results sought to identify lines of continuity and discontinuity in the comprehensiveness and humanization of care. Based on these lines and as final contributions of the study, the following paths were proposed to achieve comprehensive and humanized production of health care for women during the pregnancy-puerperium cycle: Path 1- Reassess care in the maternal and newborn health network, aimed at comprehensiveness in terms of guaranteeing access to the various services and technological resources available to enhance health and life. Path 2- Reorganize work processes in order to attain comprehensive and humanized care for women in the pregnancy-puerperium cycle. Path 3 – Qualify the professional-user relationship in care management during the pregnancy-puerperium cycle. Path 4 – Invest in the qualification of communication processes in the different dimensions of care during the pregnancy-puerperium cycle.

Epidemiología, agentes causales y métodos diagnósticos en pacientes con fiebre de duración intermedia en Gran Canaria

Programa de doctorado: Microbiología y enfermedades infecciosas

Hipocalcemia Puerperal Bovina. Revisión

Resumen El presente artículo es una revisión de la Hipocalcemia Puerperal Bovina en el cual se estudia la fisiopatología,los mecanismos reguladores del Ca, control hormonal, factores que influyen en la homeostasis sanguínea del Ca, factores predisponentes, desarrollo de la enfermedad, medidas profilácticas y pérdidas económicas

Perfil reumatoideo en estudiantes de nuevo ingreso de Tecnología Médica que presentaron en el año 2014 la fiebre del chikunguña, Facultad Multidisciplinaria Oriental, departamento de San Miguel

La fiebre chikunguña es una enfermedad emergente producida por un alfavirus perteneciente a la familia Togaviridae, transmitida por miembros de diferentes especies de mosquitos del género Aedes: Aedes aegypti y Aedes albopictus. La enfermedad del chikunguña se manifiesta de forma aguda con fiebre, rash cutáneo y poliartritis (dolores en varias articulaciones) es por ello que EL OBJETIVO de la investigación fue realizar el Perfil Reumatoideo a estudiantes de nuevo ingreso de Tecnología Médica presentaron en el año 2014 la Fiebre del chikunguña de la Facultad Multidisciplinaria Oriental. METODOLOGÍA: La investigación que se realizó es retroprospectiva porque se evaluaron los datos de una enfermedad que se cursó en el año 2014 y se realizaron las pruebas en el año 2015, transversal porque se realizó en un período sin seguimiento posterior, descriptiva por que permitió conocer si existe o no una alteración en el Perfil Reumatoideo y de laboratorio porque se utilizaron técnicas de laboratorio para determinar los valores del Perfil Reumatoideo. La recopilación de la información se realizó a través de una cédula de entrevista dirigida a los estudiantes que presentaron en el año 2014 la fiebre del chikunguña con el propósito de descartar las interferencias que se pueden presentar en el momento de obtener los resultados clínicos. RESULTADOS: del total de las muestras (100) estudiadas el 51% presentó los valores normales en las pruebas del Perfil Reumatoideo realizadas, por lo tanto el 49% presentó valores positivos o alterados. CONCLUSIONES: el 49% de la población se encontró afectada por la enfermedad presentando positivas una, dos o más pruebas, el 18% presentó resultados positivos de la Proteína "C" reactiva, otro 18% para el Factor reumatoideo, un 38% para la Antiestreptolisina "O" y un 16% de resultados alterados para el Ácido Úrico.

La fiebre del juego ataca a Tío Sam

Fondo Margaritainés Restrepo

Percepción de los beneficios del programa de erradicación de fiebre aftosa en bovinos en la costa atlántica

Tesis (Zootecnista). -- Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Programa de Zootecnia, 2014

The epidemiology of severe Streptococcus pyogenes disease in Europe

Diseases caused by the Lancefield group A streptococcus, Streptococcus pyogenes, are amongst the most challenging to clinicians and public health specialists alike. Although severe infections caused by S. pyogenes are relatively uncommon, affecting around 3 per 100,000 of the population per annum in developed countries, the case fatality is high relative to many other infections. Despite a long scientific tradition of studying their occurrence and characteristics, many aspects of their epidemiology remain poorly understood, and potential control measures undefined. Epidemiological studies can play an important role in identifying host, pathogen and environmental factors associated with risk of disease, manifestation of particular syndromes or poor survival. This can be of value in targeting prevention activities, as well directing further basic research, potentially paving the way for the identification of novel therapeutic targets. The formation of a European network, Strep-EURO, provided an opportunity to explore epidemiological patterns across Europe. Funded by the Fifth Framework Programme of the European Commission s Directorate-General for Research (QLK2.CT.2002.01398), the Strep-EURO network was launched in September 2002. Twelve participants across eleven countries took part, led by the University of Lund in Sweden. Cases were defined as patients with S. pyogenes isolated from a normally sterile site, or non-sterile site in combination with clinical signs of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS). All participating countries undertook prospective enhanced surveillance between 1st January 2003 and 31st December 2004 to identify cases diagnosed during this period. A standardised surveillance dataset was defined, comprising demographic, clinical and risk factor information collected through a questionnaire. Isolates were collected by the national reference laboratories and characterised according to their M protein using conventional serological and emm gene typing. Descriptive statistics and multivariable analyses were undertaken to compare characteristics of cases between countries and identify factors associated with increased risk of death or development of STSS. Crude and age-adjusted rates of infection were calculated for each country where a catchment population could be defined. The project succeeded in establishing the first European surveillance network for severe S. pyogenes infections, with 5522 cases identified over the two years. Analysis of data gathered in the eleven countries yielded important new information on the epidemiology of severe S. pyogenes infections in Europe during the 2000s. Comprehensive epidemiological data on these infections were obtained for the first time from France, Greece and Romania. Incidence estimates identified a general north-south gradient, from high to low. Remarkably similar age-standardised rates were observed among the three Nordic participants, between 2.2 and 2.3 per 100,000 population. Rates in the UK were higher still, 2.9/100,000, elevated by an upsurge in drug injectors. Rates from these northern countries were reasonably close to those observed in the USA and Australia during this period. In contrast, rates of reports in the more central and southern countries (Czech Republic, Romania, Cyprus and Italy) were substantially lower, 0.3 to 1.5 per 100,000 population, a likely reflection of poorer uptake of microbiological diagnostic methods within these countries. Analysis of project data brought some new insights into risk factors for severe S. pyogenes infection, especially the importance of injecting drug users in the UK, with infections in this group fundamentally reshaping the epidemiology of these infections during this period. Several novel findings arose through this work, including the high degree of congruence in seasonal patterns between countries and the seasonal changes in case fatality rates. Elderly patients, those with compromised immune systems, those who developed STSS and those infected with an emm/M78, emm/M5, emm/M3 or emm/M1 were found to be most likely to die as a result of their infection, whereas those diagnosed with cellulitis, septic arthritis, puerperal sepsis or with non-focal infection were associated with low risk of death, as were infections occurring during October. Analysis of augmented data from the UK found use of NSAIDs to be significantly associated with development of STSS, adding further fuel to the debate surrounding the role of NSAIDs in the development of severe disease. As a largely community-acquired infection, occurring sporadically and diffusely throughout the population, opportunities for control of severe infections caused by S. pyogenes remain limited, primarily involving contact chemoprophylaxis where clusters arise. Analysis of UK Strep-EURO data were used to quantify the risk to household contacts of cases, forming the basis of national guidance on the management of infection. Vaccines currently under development could offer a more effective control programme in future. Surveillance of invasive infections caused by S. pyogenes is of considerable public health importance as a means of identifying long and short-term trends in incidence, allowing the need for, or impact of, public health measures to be evaluated. As a dynamic pathogen co-existing among a dynamic population, new opportunities for exploitation of its human host are likely to arise periodically, and as such continued monitoring remains essential.

Teología, 2003, Tomo XL nº 082 (número completo)

Nota del Director. Novedades del 2004 -- Lo objetivo y lo subjetivo de la redención cristiana. Síntesis histórica y perspectiva actual / Leonardo Capelluti -- En torno a la beatificación de Isabel la Católica. Amor a la Iglesia. Pobreza / Melquíades Andrés Martín -- Razón teológica y tutela del embrión humano / Alejandro C. Llorente -- Religión y Ciencia en el pensamiento de Juan Pablo II: importancia y responsabilidad del diálogo para una cultura verdaderamente humana / Jorge Papanicolau -- La Iglesia en Buenos Aires durante la epidemia de fiebre amarilla de 1871 según el Diario de la epidemia Mardoqueo Navarro / Jorge Ignacio García Cuerva -- Ars artium: vigencia de la lógica clásica / Oscar H. Beltrán -- Crónica de la Facultad 2003

Dirofilariasis (Dirofilaria immitis) canina en tres barrios del municipio de Granada, diciembre 2013- julio 2014

Con el objetivo de determinar la prevalencia de Dirofilariasis (gusano del corazón) en caninos, se llevó a cabo el presente estudio, analizando los vectores, las condiciones ambientales y los factores de manejo que permiten el desarrollo o ausencia de la enfermedad, en tres barrios (Brisas del Lago, Calle la Libertad y Villa Sultana) del municipio de Granada, así mismo la sintomatología clínica presente en casos positivos y su potencial zoonótico; en el periodo de diciembre 2013 – julio 2014. Para realizar este estudio se tomó una población de 108 perros, haciendo la toma de muestra por venopunción y procediendo a usar el kit de diagnóstico rápido (Heska Canine Heartworm antigen test kit), depositando en el tres gotas de sangre entera. Se obtuvo un caso positivo de una hembra canina de raza criolla de 18 meses de edad. Representando una baja prevalencia de 0.92% de Dirofilariasis, esto se ve influenciado por el uso de ivermectina que incide sobre las microfilarias. Se comprobó la presencia en Nicaragua de mosquitos vectores de esta parasitosis (Dirofilaria immitis): Culex spp, Anopheles spp, Aedes spp, Las características agroecológicas presentes en el municipio de Granada como la temperatura que oscilan en 27 a 27.5ºC, son propicias para la presencia de estos vectores (mosquitos y larvas), debido a que ellos requieren una temperatura por encima de los 14ºC para su desarrollo; al igual que la presencia de un clima cálido y fuentes de agua. El caso positivo no presentó sintomatología (tos crónica, falta de resistencia, ascitis, murmullos cardíacos, colapsos) que evidenciara la enfermedad, debido a que solo se presenta cuando el padecimiento está avanzado o hay gran carga parasitaria. Las principales alteraciones al hombre son: pequeños infartos y lesiones granulomatosas a nivel pulmonar, dolor de pecho, fiebre, tos/hemosptisis, mialgias, escalofríos y malestar. Al finalizar este estudio se llegó a la conclusión que existe la presencia de Dirofilariasis en el municipio de Granada con una baja prevalencia del 0.92%. Se identificó la existencia en Nicaragua de mosquitos vectores (Culex spp, Anopheles spp, Aedes spp.) de esta parasitosis. Determinándose que las condiciones ambientales (temperatura, humedad y agua) son propicias para el desarrollo de los vectores transmisores de esta enfermedad. En cuanto a la sintomatología clínica en el cánido fue ausente. Es una enfermedad de interés zoonótico, por la capacidad que tienen estos mosquitos de transmitir esta enfermedad al humano. Se recomienda la prevención de la enfermedad con un tratamiento a base de ivermectina a dosis mínimas toleradas por los collie, y en los casos positivos un protocolo de prednisolona e ivermectina. Para evitar la zoonosis lo ideal es mantener un control estricto de mosquitos vectores y así evitar la transmisión tanto a perros como a humanos.

Museos y turismo: expectativas y realidades

Cap. 1. La interrelación entre los sistemas turístico y patrimonial: más allá de los discursos apologéticos y las prácticas reduccionistas. Iñaki Arrieta Urtizberea Cap. 2. Turistas y museos. Apocalípticos e integrados. José Antonio Donaire. Cap. 3. Turismo cultural. Ficciones sobre realidades, realidades sobre invenciones. Agustín Santana Talavera, Pablo Díaz Rodríguez y Alberto Jonay Rodríguez Darias. Cap. 4. ¿Museos a la deriva o continentes a la deriva?: consecuencias de la crisis financiera para los museos de América del Norte, Yves Bergeron. Cap. 5. Patrimonio histórico, turismo, economía: ¿un desafío o una alianza? El caso de Populonia (Toscana, Italia). Daniele Manacorda. Cap. 6. Diagnóstico posrevolucionario en Túnez: delirio turístico, fiebre museística y la locura del jazmín. Habib Saidi. Cap. 7. Patrimonio etnológico: ¿recurso socioeconómico o instrumento sociopolítico? El caso de los Astilleros Nereo de Málaga. Esther Fernández de Paz. Cap. 8. De Rampas y Pasarelas: los museos Guggenheim como espacios artísticos genéricos. Sophia Carmen Vackimes. Cap. 9. El patrimonio como fuente de desarrollo sostenible en las regiones del interior norte de Portugal: el caso del municipio de Vieira do Minho. Eduardo Jorge Duque. Cap. 10. Museos, turismo y desarrollo local: el caso de Belmonte, Portugal. Luís Silva. Cap. 11. ¿Existen razones de eficiencia económica en las decisiones de cierre parcial de algunos museos locales? Análisis del caso del Museo Darder (Banyoles) en el contexto de los museos de Cataluña. Gabriel Alcalde, Josep Burch, Modest Fluvià, Ricard Rigall i Torrent y Albert Saló.

Plan de cuidados de enfermeria

La enfermedad de Crohn (EC) es un proceso inflamatorio crónico del aparato digestivo, principalmente de origen desconocido pero con factores genéticos y ambientales que aumentan el riesgo de padecerla. Algunas personas presentan períodos prolongados de remisión, que alternan con fases de actividad (brote), mientras que otros padecen síntomas continuos durante años a pesar de recibir un tratamiento adecuado. Los signos y síntomas comunes incluyen dolor abdominal, diarrea, fiebre y pérdida de peso, pudiendo afectar a personas de cualquier edad, aunque la mayoría de los pacientes son adultos jóvenes entre los 16 y los 40 años. No existe una “cura” para esta enfermedad, sin embargo, la terapia médica permite la remisión clínica de la patología y alivio de síntomas, aumentando la calidad de vida del paciente. Actualmente se recurre a un nuevo grupo de fármacos conocidos como agentes biológicos, ante pacientes que no responden a tratamiento médico convencional, que se utilizan para inducir y/o mantener la remisión. Siendo la EC una patología crónica que afecta a un número significativo de personas, cuya calidad de vida puede verse mermada profundamente, se propone un plan de cuidados individualizado (PCI) para un caso clínico de un paciente con la EC con el objetivo de fomentar la calidad de vida de estas personas. Este plan de cuidados se apoya en el modelo conceptual de Virginia Henderson (modelo de suplencia y ayuda) siguiendo una metodología enfermera (el proceso de atención de enfermería) y un lenguaje universal estandarizado mediante la interrelación de las taxonomías NANDA-I, NIC, NOC.

Análise parcial dos custos do protocolo assistencial da Casa de Parto David Capistrano Filho/Município do Rio de Janeiro: contribuição da enfermagem obstétrica

Trata-se de um estudo de Avaliação Econômica Parcial cujo objeto é os custos diretos do protocolo assistencial da Casa de Parto David Capistrano Filho/RJ. O objetivo geral é realizar analise dos custos diretos assistenciais destinados ao ciclo gravídico puerperal na Casa de Parto David Capistrano Filho (CPDCF), situada no município do Rio de Janeiro. Os objetivos específicos deste estudo são: estimar o tipo e a quantidade dos recursos consumidos na execução do cuidado ao ciclo gravídico puerperal de acordo com o protocolo assistencial da CPDCF; analisar os custos diretos relacionados ao protocolo assistencial da CPDCF; comparar os custos avaliados no período da pesquisa ao orçamento municipal destinado a assistência das gestantes de baixo risco no mesmo período. O método utilizado foi a Avaliação de Economia em Saúde, a perspectiva adotada foi o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) como órgão gestor, foram avaliados os prontuário das gestantes que realizaram o pré-natal na CPDCF no ano de 2010, excluindo destes as que não pariram na unidade, computando um total de 161 prontuários. Na análise foi realizada a descrição dos custos diretos envolvidos na assistência ao ciclo gravídico puerperal, para isso, foram relacionados e contados os recursos utilizados, definidos como unidades de custo, para a assistência na CPDCF durante o pré-natal, trabalho de parto/parto e pós-parto, e posteriormente esses recursos foram valorados de acordo com as tabelas do Sistema de Gerência da Tabela de Procedimentos (SIGTAP), Medicamentos, Próteses e Materiais Especiais do Sistema Único de Saúde/Ministério da Saúde do Banco de Preços em Saúde (BPS) e da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde Defesa Civil/Rio de Janeiro (SMSDC/RJ). Os resultados apontaram que o custo do pré-natal por gestante foi de R$ 271,91, com prevalência de custos para os exames realizados no pré-natal. Em relação ao trabalho de parto e parto, os custos foram de R$ 352,50 por gestante, neste item os maiores custos foram com os recursos humanos. A pesquisa demonstrou que a CPDCF apresentou menor valor que o orçamento municipal destinado para o parto de acordo com a tabela do SIGTAP (R$ 443,40 a R$ 475,16). Apesar desses dados, e de acordo com o relato das diretoras, a CPDCF é ociosa, e esta influência pode ser negativa para os custos do parto. Em relação ao pós-parto foi avaliado o custo por binômio com uma média de custo de R$ 269,94, os maiores custos de pós-parto foram com os recursos humanos. O custo geral da assistência na CPDCF foi de R$ 894,36 por gestante, desse valor, 39,42% correspondeu aos custos com o parto, 30,40% correspondeu ao custo com o pré-natal e 30,18% com a assistência pós-natal. Para afirmar a eficiência e eficácia das ações na CPDCF, é preciso a realização de uma avaliação de economia em saúde completa; o trabalho de parto/parto foram os que mais representaram os custos; o custo do parto é menor que o valor orçado para o parto de baixo risco, mas medidas de ação sobre a ociosidade são necessárias, pois esta pode influenciar nos custos do parto.