Evaluation of two-dimensional quantizers for Fourier transform binary holograms

Quantization formats of four digital holographic codes (Lohmann,Lee, Burckhardt and Hsueh-Sawchuk) are evaluated. A quantitative assessment is made from errors in both the Fourier transform and image domains. In general, small errors in the Fourier amplitude or phase alone do not guarantee high image fidelity. From quantization considerations, the Lee hologram is shown to be the best choice for randomly phase coded objects. When phase coding is not feasible, the Lohmann hologram is preferable as it is easier to plot.

A novel method for the age estimation of Saddletail snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus) using Fourier Transform-near infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy

Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was investigated as a potential rapid method of estimating fish age from whole otoliths of Saddletail snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus). Whole otoliths from 209 Saddletail snapper were extracted and the NIR spectral characteristics were acquired over a spectral range of 800–2780 nm. Partial least-squares models (PLS) were developed from the diffuse reflectance spectra and reference-validated age estimates (based on traditional sectioned otolith increments) to predict age for independent otolith samples. Predictive models developed for a specific season and geographical location performed poorly against a different season and geographical location. However, overall PLS regression statistics for predicting a combined population incorporating both geographic location and season variables were: coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.94, root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) = 1.54 for age estimation, indicating that Saddletail age could be predicted within 1.5 increment counts. This level of accuracy suggests the method warrants further development for Saddletail snapper and may have potential for other fish species. A rapid method of fish age estimation could have the potential to reduce greatly both costs of time and materials in the assessment and management of commercial fisheries.

Fourier transform of the collagen triple-helical structure and its significance

The Fourier transforms of the collagen molecular structure have been calculated taking into consideration various side chain atoms, as well as the presence of bound water molecules. There is no significant change in the calculated intensity distribution on including the side chain atoms of non-imino-acid residues. Taking into account the presence of about two bound water molecules per tripeptide unit, the agreement with the observed x-ray pattern is slightly improved. Fourier transforms have also been calculated for the detailed molecular geometries proposed from other laboratories. It is found that there are no major differences between them, as compared to our structure, either in the positions of peak intensity or in the intensity distribution. Hence it is not possible to judge the relative merits of the various molecular geometries for the collagen triple helix from a comparison of the calculated transforms with the meagre data available from its x-ray fibre pattern. It is also concluded that the collagen molecular structure should be regarded as a somewhat flexible chain structure, capable of adapting itself to the requirements of the different side groups which occur in each local region.

Block Convolution Using Discrete Trigonometric Transforms and Discrete Fourier Transform

We derive expressions for convolution multiplication properties of discrete cosine transform II (DCT II) starting from equivalent discrete Fourier transform (DFT) representations. Using these expressions, a method for implementing linear filtering through block convolution in the DCT II domain is presented. For the case of nonsymmetric impulse response, additional discrete sine transform II (DST II) is required for implementing the filter in DCT II domain, where as for a symmetric impulse response, the additional transform is not required. Comparison with recently proposed circular convolution technique in DCT II domain shows that the proposed new method is computationally more efficient.

Holomorphic Sobolev spaces, Hermite and special Hermite semigroups and a Paley-Wiener theorem for the windowed Fourier transform

The images of Hermite and Laguerre-Sobolev spaces under the Hermite and special Hermite semigroups (respectively) are characterized. These are used to characterize the image of Schwartz class of rapidly decreasing functions f on R-n and C-n under these semigroups. The image of the space of tempered distributions is also considered and a Paley-Wiener theorem for the windowed (short-time) Fourier transform is proved.

Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy identifies protein propionylation in histone deacetylase inhibitor treated glioma cells

Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDIs) have attracted considerable attention as potential drug molecules in tumour biology. In order to optimise chemotherapy, it is important to understand the mechanisms of regulation of histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes and modifications brought by various HDIs. In the present study, we have employed Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (FT-IRMS) to evaluate modifications in cellular macromolecules subsequent to treatment with various HDIs. In addition to CH3 (methyl) stretching bands at 2872 and 2960 cm1, which arises due to acetylation, we also found major changes in bands at 2851 and 2922 cm1, which originates from stretching vibrations of CH2 (methylene) groups, in valproic acid treated cells. We further demonstrate that the changes in CH2 stretching are concentration-dependent and also induced by several other HDIs. Recently, HDIs have been shown to induce propionylation besides acetylation [1]. Since propionylation involves CH2 groups, we hypothesized that CH2 vibrational frequency changes seen in HDI treated cells could arise due to propionylation. As verification, pre-treatment of cells with propionyl CoA synthetase inhibitor resulted in loss of CH2 vibrational changes in histones, purified from valproic acid treated cells. This was further proved by western blot using propionyl-lysine specific antibody. Thus we demonstrate for the first time that propionylation could be monitored by studying CH2 stretching using IR spectroscopy and further provide a platform for monitoring HDI induced multiple changes in cells. (C) 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Towards a broadband chirped pulse Fourier transform microwave spectrometer

This article gives a brief review of microwave spectroscopy and the experimental techniques used for obtaining microwave spectrum of molecules and complexes since 1950s. It presents a brief summary of the pulsed nozzle Fourier transform microwave (PNFTMW) spectrometer, fabricated in our laboratory, and discusses some of the important results obtained using the spectrometer. The most significant among the results from this spectrometer is the direct structural determination of weakly bound complexes involving H2O/H2S. These have challenged the conventional wisdom on hydrogen bonding leading us to propose a modern definition for the same through IUPAC. The limitations of the PNFTMW spectrometer and the need for the new chirped pulse Fourier transform microwave spectrometer are discussed as well. Moreover, preliminary results from our laboratory on generating a 1 A mu s chirped pulse of 1 GHz bandwidth are given.

Some new results on signal reconstruction from Fourier transform magnitude spectrum

We address the problem of signal reconstruction from Fourier transform magnitude spectrum. The problem arises in many real-world scenarios where magnitude-only measurements are possible, but it is required to construct a complex-valued signal starting from those measurements. We present some new general results in this context and show that the previously known results on minimum-phase rational transfer functions, and recoverability of minimum-phase functions from magnitude spectrum, form special cases of the results reported in this paper. Some simulation results are also provided to demonstrate the practical feasibility of the reconstruction methodology.

Critical investigation on hydrogen bonding by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin films

Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis has been carried out on the hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin films deposited by DC, pulsed DC (PDC) and RF sputtering process to get insight regarding the total hydrogen concentration (C-H) in the films, configuration of hydrogen bonding, density of the films (decided by the vacancy and void incorporation) and the microstructure factor (R*) which varies with the type of sputtering carried out at the same processing conditions. The hydrogen incorporation is found to be more in RF sputter deposited films as compared to PDC and DC sputter deposited films. All the films were broadly divided into two regions namely vacancy dominated and void dominated regions. At low hydrogen dilutions the films are vacancy dominated and at high hydrogen dilutions they are void dominated. This demarcation is at C-H = 23 at.% H for RF, C-H = 18 at.% H for PDC and C-H = 14 at.% H for DC sputter deposited films. The microstructure structure factor R* is found to be as low as 0.029 for DC sputter deposited films at low C-H. For a given C-H, DC sputter deposited films have low R* as compared to PDC and RF sputter deposited films. Signature of dihydride incorporation is found to be more in DC sputter deposited films at low C-H.

Revisiting the Fourier transform on the Heisenberg group

A recent theorem of S. Alesker, S. Artstein-Avidan and V. Milman characterises the Fourier transform on R-n as essentially the only transform on the space of tempered distributions which interchanges convolutions and pointwise products. In this note we study the image of the Schwartz space on the Heisenberg group under the Fourier transform and obtain a similar characterisation for the Fourier transform on the Heisenberg group.

Molecular profiling of sepsis in mice using Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy

Sepsis is a life threatening condition resulting from a high burden of infection. It is a major health care problem and associated with inflammation, organ dysfunction and significant mortality. However, proper understanding and delineating the changes that occur during this complex condition remains a challenge. A comparative study involving intra-peritoneal injection of BALB/c mice with Salmonella Typhimurium (infection), lipopolysaccharide (endotoxic shock) or thioglycollate (sterile peritonitis) was performed. The changes in organs and sera were profiled using immunological assays and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) micro-spectroscopy. There is a rapid rise in inflammatory cytokines accompanied with lowering of temperature, respiratory rate and glucose amounts in mice injected with S. Typhimurium or lipopolysaccharide. FTIR identifies distinct changes in liver and sera: decrease in glycogen and protein/lipid ratio and increase in DNA and cholesteryl esters. These changes were distinct from the pattern observed in mice treated with thioglycollate and the differences in the data obtained between the three models are discussed. The combination of FTIR spectroscopy and other biomarkers will be valuable in monitoring molecular changes during sepsis. GRAPHICS] Intra-peritoneal infection with high dose of Salmonella Typhimurium leads to rapid increase in inflammatory cytokines, e.g. Tnf alpha (A). FTIR analysis of liver (B) and sera (C) identifies several metabolic changes: glycogen, protein/lipid, cholesteryl esters and DNA.

Fourier Transform Method for Measuring the Micro Amplitu of Water Surface Waves

采用一种非接触的光学方法傅立叶变换莫尔法(Fourier transform method),结合数字图像处理技术,对微幅振荡的水表面波的振幅进行测量.它是对全场中每一个像素点进行测量,比接触测量法具有更高的灵敏度.它为微幅水表面波振幅的测量提供了一种手段.通过将计算机生成的周期性光栅图像经投影机直接投影到被测物体的参考平面,经CCD摄像头、图像板捕捉存储形成数字化的光栅图像,利用傅立叶变换莫尔法处理光栅图像,从而获得包含有水表面波的振幅的相位信息,再经适当的几何变换获得振幅信息.我们在垂直振荡装置上进行了不同激励频率和不同振幅的表面波的振幅测量.