Influence of different genotypes in the pattern of selenoprotein expression in response to Brazil nut supplementation

The micronutrient selenium is essential to human physiology. As the amino acid selenocysteine, it is inserted into selenoproteins with a wide range of functions including antioxidant capacity, thyroid hormone metabolism, improvement of immune system, brain function, fertility and reproduction. Low selenium status has been associated with increased risk for chronic diseases, such as cancer, type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In this context, several studies have been conducted in order to investigate if selenium supplementation could reduce the risk of such diseases. However, genetic variations may interfere in the response of individuals to a dietary intervention and must be considered as a important source of inter-individual variation. Therefore, this study was conducted was conducted to investigate the influence of genetic variations in selenoproteins genes on the response to an intervention with Brazil nuts, the richest source of selenium known in nature. The study included 130 healthy volunteers with both genders, aged 20 to 60 years old selected in University of S��o Paulo. They received nuts for 8 weeks, eating one nut a day, and did a washout period for more 8 weeks. All volunteers had a blood sampling collection every 4 weeks during 4 months, in a total of 5. The following analysis were done: anthropometric measurements, lipid profile, plasma malondialdehyde, plasma and erythrocyte Se, selenoprotein P, plasma and erythrocyte GPx activity, gene expression of GPX1, SEPP1, SELS and SEP15. The volunteers were also genotyped for SNPs rs1050450, rs3811699, rs1800699, rs713041, rs3877899, rs7579, rs34713741 and rs5845. Each unit of Brazil nut provided an average of 300 µg of selenium. All 130 volunteers completed the protocol. The concentrations of total cholesterol and glucose decreased after 8 weeks of supplementation. Moreover, HDL concentrations were higher for carriers of the variant T allele for GPX4_rs713041. The frequencies of the variant genotypes were 5,4% for rs1050450, rs3811699 e rs1088668, 10% for rs3877899, 19,2% for rs713041 e rs7579, 11,5% for rs5845 and 8,5% for rs34713741. The levels of the five biomarkers increased significantly after supplementation. In addition, erythrocyte GPx activity was influenced by rs1050450, rs713041 and rs5845; erythrocyte selenium was influenced by rs5845 and plasma selenium by rs3877899. Gene expression of GPX1, SEPP1 and SEP15 were higher after supplementation. The SNP rs1050450 influenced GPX1 mRNA expression and rs7579 influenced SEPP1 mRNA expression. Therefore, it can be concluded that the supplementation with one of Brazil nut for 8 weeks was efficient to reduce total cholesterol and glucose levels and to increase the concentrations of the main biomarkers of selenium status in healthy adults. Furthermore, our results suggest that GPX4_rs713041 might interfere on HDL concentrations and GPx1 activity, GPX1_rs1050450 might interfere on GPx1 activity, SEP15_rs5845 might interfere on GPx1 activity and erythrocyte selenium and SEPP1_3877899 might interfere on plasma Se levels. Therefore, the effect of genetic variations should be considered in future nutritional interventions evaluating the response to Brazil nut supplementation.

Express��o dos genes da via mTORC1 e seu envolvimento nas Neoplasias Mieloproliferativas

As Neoplasias Mieloproliferativas (NMPs) se caracterizam por apresentarem ac��mulo de eritrócitos, leuc��citos e plaquetas morfologicamente normais e seus precursores. Nos ��ltimos anos v��rios estudos buscaram conhecer os mecanismos celulares e moleculares envolvidos na fisiopatologia e evolu����o dessas desordens, com o intuito de encontrar marcadores de diagn��stico, progn��stico e terapias eficazes. A muta����o pontual no gene que codifica a enzima Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2 V617F), presente em aproximadamente 90% dos pacientes com PV e em 50% dos pacientes com TE e MF, foi o principal achado gen��tico anormal associado a essas doen��as. Essa muta����o resulta na ativa����o constitutiva da enzima JAK2 e na desregula����o da prolifera����o celular e resist��ncia �� apoptose. Nosso grupo de pesquisa descreveu em PV, TE e MF a express��o alterada de genes reguladores da apoptose e dados da literatura indicam que a desregula����o do ciclo celular contribui para a fisiopatologia das NMPs. Nesse projeto o intuito foi investigar a associa����o da via de sinaliza����o m-TOR com as altera����es do ciclo celular e via JAK/STAT nas NMPs. A via de sinaliza����o m-TOR participa dos processos celulares de sobreviv��ncia e prolifera����o. A estrat��gia experimental foi avaliar a express��o de genes e prote��nas, reguladores da via m-TOR, em leuc��citos de pacientes com NPMC e linhagens celulares JAK2+ tratadas com inibidores de JAK2 e AKT. Para determinar a rela����o da via m-TOR nas NMPs foi escolhido o gene eIF4E, alterado nessas doen��as, para observar sua modula����o diante da inibi����o farmacol��gica nas linhagens celulares JAK2 positivas. Os resultados desse estudo contribuem para a descri����o de novos alvos terap��uticos dependentes e indepentendes da atividade quinase JAK2 e para o melhor conhecimento da participa����o da via de sinaliza����o m-TOR na fisiopatologia das NMPs.

O BANCO MUNDIAL E A EDUCA����O NO BRASIL: ESTUDO REALIZADO A PARTIR DAS TESES DEFENDIDAS NA UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS (UNICAMP), NO PER��ODO DE 1995 A 2007

Este estudo visa analisar as interferencias do Banco Mundial na Educacao Brasileira a partir do estudo de seis teses (aqui identificadas pelas iniciais A,B,C, D, E e F) de doutorado relativas ao tema, defendidas na Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), sendo quatro delas (A, B, C, e D) voltadas a area de educacao e duas (E e F) a area de Ciencias Sociais e Economia. O estudo das teses parte dos objetivos de cada uma, que podem ser resumidos da seguinte forma: a Tese A - ����A Mundializacao da Educacao: o Projeto Neoliberal de Sociedade e de Educacao no Brasil e na Venezuela. (MELO, 2003) -, sob a orientacao do Prof. Dr. Nilson Joseph Demange, teve como objetivo investigar o processo de mundializacao da educacao como elemento de uma nova fase de internacionalizacao e acumulacao capitalista, conduzida hegemonicamente pelos sujeitos politicos coletivos que assumem o projeto neoliberal de sociabilidade, especialmente o Fundo Monetario Internacional e o Banco Mundial, que buscam ser condutores das reformas estruturais para a America Latina e Caribe; a Tese B . ����O Capital Financeiro e a Educacao no Brasil. (DEITOS, 2005) -, sob a orientacao da Profa. Dra. Maria Elizabete Sampaio Prado Xavier, teve como objetivo definir quais as consequencias da consolidacao do projeto, para a redefinicao das politicas educacionais na America Latina e Caribe; a Tese C . ����Globalizacao e Descentralizacao: o Processo de Desconstrucao do Sistema Educacional Brasileiro pela Via da Municipalizacao. (ROSAR, 1995) -, sob a orientacao do Prof. Dr. Demerval Saviani, teve como objetivo analisar as reformas educacionais empreendidas no Brasil, no periodo de 1995-2002, particularmente a politica educacional nacional para o ensino medio e profissional, com financiamento externo do Banco Internacional para Reforma e Desenvolvimento (BIRD); a Tese D . ����As Politicas Educacionais para o Desenvolvimento e o Trabalho Docente. (SOUZA, 1999) ., sob a orientacao da Profa. Dra. Liliana Rolisen Petrilli Segnini, trata da politica educacional para o ensino de 1���� grau, tracada segundo a visao de seu autor no ambito de projetos federais, com o objetivo de induzir a municipalizacao do ensino, transferindo encargos para o municipio, sem a realizacao de investimentos financeiros satisfatorios nessa instancia; a Tese E . ����Economia, poder e influencias externa: O Grupo Banco Mundial e as Politicas de Ajustes Estruturais na America Latina, nas Decadas de Oitenta e Noventa. (COELHO, 2002) ., sob a orientacao do Prof. Dr. Sebastiao Carlos Velasco e Cruz, teve como objetivo analisar as relacoes entre o projeto educacional implementado pelo governo estadual, no periodo entre 1995 e 1998 e suas concepcoes de politicas educacionais; a Tese F - ����A Questao Social e os Limites do Projeto Liberal no Brasil. (GIMENES, 2007) ., sob a orientacao do Prof. Dr. Carlos Alonso Barbosa de Oliveira, teve como objetivo analisar a relacao entre a economia, o poder politico e a influencia externa, focalizando o Grupo Banco Mundial e os programas de ajustamento estrutural na America Latina. Por fim este estudo mescla teses brasileiras advindas da area da Educacao e da Economia; foca o banco mundial e sua influencia no Brasil, oferecendo uma visao das conexoes logicas existentes entre elas. Como conclusao deste trabalho, apresentaremos as consideracoes finais de cada uma das teses, bem como as limitacoes e sugestoes para

Cen��rio da produ����o acad��mica em hist��ria da matem��tica no ensino de matem��tica: uma an��lise reflexiva das teses e disserta����es (1990-2010)

This research aims to make a reflective analysis about the academic production originated in the stricto sensu post graduation programs in the country, produced in the period of 1990 to 2010, in the field of History of Mathematics, especifically on works about the History of Mathematics in Mathematics education and that present pedagogical proposals that make use of the History of Mathematics in order to teach Mathematics. Defending the thesis that the researches on mathematics education with goals turned to the use of didactic proposals related to the history of mathematic that take in consideration the coherency between epistemological aspects inherent to mathematics history and anthological elements materialized on the conceptions of mathematics and mathematics history and of apprenticeship (implicitly or explicitly exposed) may originate significant contribution to the field of history of mathematics on education. Among these, nine were Master���s Degree dissertations and five PHD���s theses. The reflective analysis was accomplished from two matrixes; one from theoretical nature and the other, ontologic nature, elaborated from the pretexts of Sanches Gamboa, about the epistemological analysis from academic production in the field of Mathematics Education and the following theoretical perspectives in the field of History of Mathematics Education, that are: linear evolutionary theory, structural construtivist operative, evolutionary discontinuous, historical and socialcultural investigation and the use of activities estimulating the usage of verbal and nonverbal expressions. These perspectives were based on the works of Miguel and Miorim, Mendes and Radford. As results, we have detected some established dissonances between the categories related to theoretical and ontologic levels and the pedagogical proposal presented in these researches. On the other hand, we have discovered works that are able to establish consonances between the theoretical and ontological elements and the presented pedagogical proposal. These works carry significative contributions to the field of History of Mathematics applied to Mathematics pedagogical practice, inclusively presenting significative theoretical elements to the production of knowledge recognized as scientific in the Mathematics field

Resumo de disserta����es e teses: a estrutura composicional �� luz da An��lise Textual dos Discursos

This doctoral dissertationproposes the description, interpretation and analysis of the compositional structure of thesis and dissertation abstracts, with regard to the linguistic mechanisms that evidence text zones of different typological sequences, such as those of the text plan. Along these lines, the research problem was developed from the notion of compositional structure (sequences and text plans), as one of the levels or plans of text analysis, according to the theoretical framework proposed by Jean-Michel Adam (2011a). The main objective of this study was to recognize how the compositional structure, of thesis and dissertation abstracts, is achieved, with respect to text units and the global organization of this text category. The hypothesis posed in this research posits that specific informational text composition categories of abstracts are necessary to process the representation of the original text and the way in which it makes its meaning. Subsequently, this study is based on the theoretical and methodological framework of Text Linguistics (TL) and, above all, Textual Discourse Analysis (TDA), as we endeavor to understand the organizational structure of abstracts from both a linguistic and textual perspective. This structure involves the text plan of abstracts, with respect to their communicative purpose, i.e, the sharing of scientific information in its standard textual form. Thus, the development of this study, from a theoretical and methodological perspective, is based on the theoretical and descriptive premises from TDA (ADAM, 2011a, 2012; PASSEGGI et al., 2010), and also from TL (BEAUGRANDE; DRESSLER, (2012 [1981]); COSERIU; LAMAS (2010); MARCUSCHI, 2009 [1983]; F��VERO; KOCH, 1994;KOCH, 2006; BENTES, 2004; BENTES; LEITE, 2010), within the field of text studies. The methodology of this study relies on empirical, documental research, which is qualitative, and adopts a descriptive and interpretive approach. From the empirical perspective, our objective is to understand the problems pertaining to the textual composition of abstracts, aiming to elucidate them in light of the theoretical and methodological framework previously mentioned. The corpus of the analysis is comprised of seven abstracts designated for systematic data collection. These texts, written between 2004 and 2011,were selected from Master���s theses and Doctoral dissertations in their electronic version, from the graduate program at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. A thorough review of the literature reveals a clear fluctuation in the terminology of the concept, ���abstract���. The results of the analysis revealed that the abstracts, which comprise the corpus of analysis in this study, in general, present typological heterogeneity, while the text plan remains fixed. Finally, the new knowledge gained in this research contributes both to the understanding of the compositional structure of abstracts as well as their production.

Efeito do exerc��cio f��sico na estabilidade de membrana de eritrócitos

CHAPTER II - This study evaluated the effects of two different types of acute aerobic exercise on the osmotic stability of human erythrocyte membrane and on different hematological and biochemical variables that are associated with this membrane property. The study population consisted of 20 healthy and active men. Participants performed single sessions of two types of exercise. The first session consisted of 60 min of moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE). The second session, executed a week later, consisted of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) until exhaustion. The osmotic stability of the erythrocyte membrane was represented by the inverse of the salt concentration (1/H50) at the midpoint of the sigmoidal curve of dependence between the absorbance of hemoglobin and the NaCl concentration. The values of 1/H50 changed from 2.29 �� 0.1 to 2.33 �� 0.09 after MICE and from 2.30 �� 0.08 to 2.23 �� 0.12 after HIIE. In MICE has occurred an increase in the mean corpuscular volume, probably due to in vivo lysis of older erythrocytes, with preservation of cells that were larger and more resistant to in vitro lysis. The study showed that a single bout of acute exercise affected the erythrocyte osmotic stability, which increased after MICE and decreased after HIIE.

A PESQUISA ACAD��MICA SOBRE COMUNICA����O POPULAR, ALTERNATIVA E COMUNIT��RIA NO BRASIL: an��lise de disserta����es e teses produzidas em Programas de P��s-Gradua����o em Comunica����o entre 1972 - 2012

Mapeamento das disserta����es e teses referentes �� sub��rea da comunica����o popular, alternativa e comunit��ria (CPAC) desenvolvidas nos Programas de P��s-Gradua����o em Comunica����o stricto sensu no Brasil, de 1972 a 2012. Dentre os objetivos est��o localizar as pesquisas; os autores; sua distribui����o no tempo e espa��o; identificar as institui����es e orientadores que impulsionam a sub��rea; definir as abordagens te��rico-metodol��gicas; e apontar autores/conceitos refer��ncia. Por meio de pesquisa explorat��ria e aplica����o de quatro filtros, chegou-se a uma amostra final de 102 pesquisas, 87 disserta����es e 15 teses, submetidas �� an��lise quantitativa, por meio de An��lise de Conte��do a partir de partes pr��-definidas (Resumo, Palavras chave, Introdu����o, Sum��rio, Considera����es Finais e cap��tulo metodol��gico, quando presente), e a uma an��lise qualitativa do conte��do completo das 15 teses. O m��todo que orienta esta pesquisa �� o hist��rico dial��tico, na perspectiva da busca de uma an��lise de conjunto e atenta ��s contradi����es e mudan��as que o objeto est�� implicado; e a pesquisa bibliogr��fica que a fundamenta se ancora em autores como Jorge Gonz��lez, Cicilia Peruzzo, Regina Festa, Pedro Gilberto Gomes, Gilberto Gim��nez e Augusto Trivi��os e foi realizada com o apoio do software NVivo. Resultados quantitativos indicam: a) predomin��ncia de pesquisas sobre comunica����o comunit��ria (68%) b) predomin��ncia de estudos emp��ricos (79%); c) a variedade de denomina����es atribu��das ��s experi��ncias pelos pesquisadores; d) a constante luta das classes populares por democratiza����o da comunica����o e por direitos sociais ao longo dos anos; e) a influ��ncia e import��ncia dos intelectuais org��nicos nas experi��ncias estudadas, f) problemas metodol��gicos; g) UMESP, USP e UFRJ como institui����es protagonistas, e, h) Cicilia Peruzzo e Raquel Paiva como as que mais orientam teses e disserta����es sobre a tem��tica. Quanto �� an��lise qualitativa verificaram-se alguns crit��rios que permeiam a CPAC: 1) a defini����o de classes subalternas; 2) a import��ncia da participa����o ativa das comunidades nos processos de comunica����o; e 3) formas, conte��dos e objetivos que se complementam e d��o identidade ��s experi��ncias

Avalia����o do banco de disserta����es e teses da associa����o brasileira de antropologia: uma an��lise cienciom��trica

VITULLO, Nadia Aurora Vanti. Avalia����o do banco de disserta����es e teses da Associa����o Brasileira de Antropologia: uma an��lise cienciom��trica. 2001. 143 f. Disserta��ao (Mestrado) - Curso de Mestrado em Biblioteconomia e Ci��ncia da Informa����o, Pontif��cia Universidade Cat��lica de Campinas, Campinas, 2001.