A biologically active peptide in the skin of lampreys (Eudontomyzon danfordi vladykovi). [Translation from: Z.Naturforsch. (B), 26(10), 1021-1023, 1971. ]

In recent years interest in the production and description of kinin-type substances has been greatly intensified. So, for example, bradykinin, phyllokinin, physalaemin, ranatensin and caerulein could be extracted from the skin of amphibians as well as. eledoisin out of the salivary glands of Eledon moschata. An examination of lampreys seemed to us particularly profitable in the search for the incidence of further kinins. Ammocoetes of different sizes and also adults of both sexes of the species Eudontomyzon danfordi vladykovi were studied in this research. This species is found in many tributaries of the Danube. Skin extracts were tested on on isolated rat uterus, rat duodenum, guinea pig ileum and rabbit jejunum, further tests were done in order to determine a peptide character of the biologically active substance.

A case of development of the parthenogenetic embryo in the ovary of Moina macrocopa Straus (Crustacea, Cladocera). [Translation from: Vest. Zool., Kiev 4, p. 86, 1971. ]

In a survey of histological preparations of several hundreds of Moina macrocopa Straus , one specimen was discovered, in the left ovary of which was found a parthenogenetic embryo. The short article includes an illustration of a transverse section of parthenogenetic female of Moina macrocopa.

Behaviour and mechanism of feeding of Lathonura rectirostris (Cladocera, Macrothricidae). [Translation from: Zoologicheskie Zhurnal 50, 1002-1010, 1971.]

The behaviour in the feeding process and the functional morphology of Lathonura rectirostris O.F. Muller - one of the widely distributed species of macrothricids - is studied. The current work is an attempt at morpho-functional analysis of the apparatus of the trunk appendages of Lathonura rectirostris O.F. Muller. This highly specialized species, the method of feeding of which basically comes to the mechanical scraping-off and collection of epiphytic single-celled algae and particles deposited on the surface of aquatic plants.

Chydoridae of the world's fauna. [Translation from: Fauna SSSR, Crustacea 1 (2), Nauka, Leningrad, 1971. ]

This translation presents identification keys to the subfamilies, genera, species and subspecies of Chydoridae of the USSR. Chydoridae are a family in the order of Cladocera.

Experiments with the hatching of salmon spawn 1966-1971. [Translation from: Vann 1972(1) 86-938, 1972]

Experiments were undertaken with the purpose to find out the tolerance of different species of salmon fish in acid hatching water and if different strains of the same species differ in their response. The study was made in the Fins-river hatchery, Marnardal and the assumption tested that the salmon and trout stock from Sorland are adapted to the more acid milieu, and thus more robust in acid water than are comparable fish stocks from areas where the water is only a bit acid or neutral.

Keys to families of Cladocera and to subfamilies, genera, species and subspecies of Macrothricidae and Moinidae [Translation from: Leningrad, Fauna SSSR, Crustacea 1 (3), 1971]

Identification keys to families of Cladocera and to subfamilies, genera, species and subspecies of Macrothricidae and Moinidae are given. This translation does not include ecological notes or illustrations.

Epidermis differentiation in Salmo irideus Gilb. development [Translation from: Archo ital.Anat.Embriol. 76, 19-30, 1971]

Recent histochemical and histophysiological research on the skin of fish has posed interesting problems both with regard to the presence of specialized types of cell and with regard to the function of this organ. The present paper intends to study the development and the functional differentiation of the trout's skin, both from the histomorphological and the histochemical point of view. The skin of Salmonids is devoid of specialized cells; the granular cells of Petromyzonti, the serous cells of Selacii and the clavate cells described in many other teleosts and it lacks keratin. As such it can be considered a good working model which can be used to show the eventual histomorphological and histochemical changes occurring both in the transformation from the endovular to the aqueous environment. Histomorphological observations were carried out demonstrate the great structural simplicity of the trout's skin at all stages. The article concludes that glycogen increases greatly when the epidermis thickens and therefore when it becomes necessary to guarantee resistance, amongst which is a support mechanism.

The role of infusoria and bacteria as food for Cyclopoida in Rybinsk Reservoir [Translation from: Trudy Instituta Biologii Vnutrennykh Vodnany 22(25), 37-42, 1971]

Despite the fact that it is a long time sinc e the methods of collection and quantitative estimatio n of protozoa were worked out data on the abundance of these animals in freshwaters are not very numerous. Nevertheless, Infusoria and Rhizopoda at high densities are widespread in the water and sediments of lakes and reservoirs. In order to find ou t the importance of infusoria as a food source for cyclopoids we carried out experimental investigations using C14. For this three species of cyclopoids, widely distributed in open regions of Rybinsk reservoir were selected: Cyclops vicinus, Mesocyclops oithonoides and Kesocyclops leuckarti. The data presented give evidence that the species investigated are able as predators to consume infusorian plankton arid bacteria in the form of flocs or small clumps of detritus.

Cartas enviadas por María Milagros Bidegain a Justo Garate entre 1971 y 1972

2 cartas (mecanografiada y manuscrita); entre 215x155mm y 210x315mm.

A ecologia em miniatura: o menor tetrápodo do Brasil, Brachycephalus didactylus (Izecksohn, 1971) (Anura: Brachycephalidae) em uma área de Mata Atlântica no Espírito Santo, Sudeste do Brasil

O processo de miniaturização em anuros pode ter implicações ecológicas como, por exemplo, a redução no tamanho da ninhada produzida pelas fêmeas, o aumento do tamanho relativo dos ovos e o desenvolvimento direto. O consequente reduzido tamanho da boca tende também a constituir um fator limitante no consumo de presas por estes pequenos anuros, tornando acessível ao consumo apenas uma gama restrita de presas diminutas. Assim, estudamos parâmetros da ecologia de uma população do anuro Brachycephalus didactylus, em uma área de Mata Atlântica no sul do Espírito Santo, objetivando ampliar o conhecimento sobre tais parâmetros que compreenderam o dimorfismo sexual, algumas características da reprodução, a dieta e a relação com a disponibilidade de atrópodos no folhiço e uso do microhabitat. A amostragem dos dados ocorreu durante um ano, nas estações seca e chuvosa. Brachycephalus didactylus possuiu dimorfismo sexual, com fêmeas sendo maiores do que os machos. O maior tamanho atingido pelas fêmeas provavelmente resulta da seleção intrassexual atuando nas fêmeas para favorecer um maior investimento na massa dos ovos, já que a espécie possui um tamanho de ninhada consideravelmente reduzido (um a dois ovos). A dieta de B. didactylus foi composta por um espectro relativamente amplo de presas (17 itens), tendo elevadas proporções de pequenas presas como Acari e Collembola. O consumo de Formicidae (formigas) foi evitado por B. didactylus, apesar de essa presa ser a mais abundante no folhiço, o que categorizou o anuro como um "especialista em não comer formigas" ("non-ant specialist", sensu Toft 1980a). O reduzido tamanho da boca nas fêmeas de B. didactylus limitou o tamanho máximo de presas passíveis de serem ingeridas pelo anuro e restringindo-o ao consumo de presas pequenas, com maiores indivíduos consumindo um número maior de presas. Por fim, B. didactylus apresentou uma utilização essencialmente horizontal do hábitat, sendo mais frequentemente encontrado sobre o folhiço no chão da mata.