Legal education in crisis: healing and humanizing Canadian law schools /

Western law schools are suffering from an identity and moral crisis. Many of the legal profession's problems can be traced to the law school environment, where students are taught to reason and practice in ways that are often at odds with their own personalities and values and even with generally accepted psychologically healthy practices. The idealism, ethic of care, and personal moral compasses of many students become eroded and even lost in the present legal education system. Formalism, rationalism, elitism, and big business values have become paramount. In such a moment of historical crisis, there exists the opportunity to create a new legal education story. This paper is a conceptual study of both my own Canadian legal education and the general legal education experience. It examines core problems and critiques of the existing Western legal education organizational and pedagogical paradigm to which Canadian law schools adhere. New approaches with the potential to enrich, humanize, and heal the Canadian law school experience are explored. Ultimately, the paper proposes a legal education system that is more interdisciplinary, theoretically and practically integrated, emotionally intelligent, technologically connected, morally accountable, spiritual, and humane. Specific pedagogical and curricular strategies are suggested, and recommendations for the future are offered. The dehumanizing aspects of the law school experience in Canada have rarely been studied. It is hoped that this thesis will fill a gap in the research and provide some insight into an issue that is of both academic and public importance, since the well-being of law students and lawyers affects the interests of their clients, the general public, and the integrity and future of the entire legal system.

Teachers' perspectives on the implementation of expectations-based curricula /

This qualitative study examines teachers' experiences implementing new standardized curricula in Ontario schools. This new curricula contained several policy changes and an expectations based format which directed what knowledge and skills students were to demonstrate in each subject. This level of specificity of subject-content served to control teachers in relation to curricula; however, data suggested that at the same time, teachers had enormous flexibility in terms of pedagogy. Four secondary teachers who were implementing a Grade 10 course in the 2000-2001 school year participated in the study. The qualitative framework supported the researcher's emphasis on examining the participants' perspectives on the implementation of expectation-based curricula. Data collected included transcripts from interviews conducted with teacher participants and a representative of the Ontario Ministry of Education and Training, field notes, and a research journal. Many of the factors often cited in the literature as influencing implementation practices were found to have affected the participants' experiences of curriculum implementation: time, professional development, and teachers' beliefs, particularly concerning students. In addition, the format of the policy documents proved to both control and free teachers during the implementation process. Participants believed that the number of specific expectations did not provide them an opportunity to add content to the curriculum; at the same time, teachers also noted that the general format of the policy document allowed them to direct instruction to match students' needs and their own teaching preferences. Alignment between teachers' beliefs about education and their understanding of the new curriculum affected the ways in which many participants adapted during the implementation process.

Creating a global consciousness throught the driver model of curriculum development

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect a human link through the One World Youth Project has on a global education program, if a human connection through the program enhances a student's ability to develop a critical consciousness of global issues, and the etTectiveness of thc constructivist-based Driver Model of Curriculum Development, which served as the curriculum model in this study. An action based research cycle was chosen as this study's research methodology and incorporated 5 qualitative data collection instruments: a) interviews and questionnaires, b) artifacts, c) teacher journal, d) critical friend's observation forms, and e) my critical friend's postobservation interviews. The data were conected from 4 student participants and my critical friend during all stages of the action research cycle. The results of this study provide educators with data on the impact of human connections in a global education program, the effects these connections have on students, and the effectiveness of the Driver Model of Curriculum Development. This study also provides practical activities and strategies that could be used by educators to develop their own global education programs. The United Nations drafted the Millennium Development Goals in an effort to improve the lives of billions of people across the globe. The eight goals were developed with the support of all member nations since all human beings are global citizens who have a responsibility to make the world a better place. Students need to develop a critical consciousness of global issues so that they can work with others to eliminate them. Students who are taught to restate the opinions of others win not be prepared to inherit a world full of challenges that will require new innovative ideas to foster positive change.

A Case Study of the Implementation of Experiential Education in Yukon K-12 Schools

This qualitative case study explored the process of implementing Experiential Education (EXED) in Yukon Territory Kindergarten to Grade 12 (K-12) schools with a particular focus on investigating: (a) understandings of EXED and the drivers behind its implementation, (b) factors contributing to EXED’s suitability for Yukon schools, and (c) factors supporting and challenging the implementation of EXED in Yukon schools. Data collection involved interviews with Yukon Department of Education (YDE) staff members, principals and teachers, document collection, and reflective note collection. Findings indicated that EXED was understood as more of a methodology than a philosophy for teaching and learning. EXED implementation was primarily driven by bottom-up (school/ teacher) initiatives and was secondarily supported by top-down (YDE) efforts. The process of implementation was supported by three main factors and was challenged primarily by six factors. The results also pointed to three factors that made EXED suitable for implementation in Yukon schools.

Exploring Capacity Building of Ontario Dental Hygiene Educators During National Curriculum Reform

In times of educational change, educators are given the task of implementing new initiatives that meet the needs of a changing environment; yet, they are often dismissed from developmental phases of the reform. This top-down structure deters educators’ personal capacity building as their knowledge, values, assumptions, and beliefs are not acknowledged or explicitly developed as part of the initiative. This study explored Ontario dental hygiene educators’ perspectives of how they may build personal capacity during an externally mandated national curriculum reform, the Entry-to-Practice Competencies and Standards for Canadian Dental Hygienists (National Competencies). Narratives were collected from 5 dental hygiene educators of diverse educational training and teaching organizations. Three themes emerged that included perceptions of structural influence, perceptions of learning access, and perceptions of identity. Each theme was linked to tasks that were required to build personal capacity for sustainable school change. The theoretical framework and the required tasks demonstrated the interconnectedness between educators, leaders, and the organization for building educators’ personal capacity.

Els Estudiants davant la nova reforma universitària

El procés de canvi global que ha afectat a la universitat espanyola en les últimes dècades troba el seu exponent actual en la incorporació del sistema universitari a l’Espai Europeu d’Educació Superior (EEES). Les reformes que tal incorporació ha comportat es van definint al nostre país també des de la vessant de la reforma de les metodologies docents a la universitat. Al mateix temps, continuen arribant notícies sobre els problemes de rendiment d’una part important dels estudiants universitaris (CRUE, 2007). Aquesta realitat ens porta a destacar la rellevància de consolidar línies d’investigació sobre el que està succeint a la universitat en el període de transformació i, en particular, entorn als temes sobre els quals les noves polítiques universitàries pretenen incidir. La finalitat d’aquesta recerca és contribuir així en el desenvolupament d’una línia de treball multidisciplinar sobre la institució universitària, centrada especialment en els estudiants. La incorporació a l’EEES implica una transformació profunda tant en l’organització dels estudis com en les metodologies d’ensenyament-aprenentatge. En aquest darrer aspecte, la incorporació dels ECTS (European Credit Transfer System) ha estat definida en les polítiques de les agències d’avaluació com un canvi en les metodologies docents, que han de ser “centrades en l’estudiant”. És en aquest sentit, que la perspectiva de l’estudiant cobra una rellevància fonamental, i justifica la investigació que aprofundeixi sobre les condicions que poden produir un millor aprenentatge. Concretament es vol recaptar informació sobre el procés d’ensenyament/aprenentatge i sobre les condicions d’èxit o fracàs del mateix; i amb això, aportar nous instruments teòrics i metodològics que contribueixin a la comprensió d’aquest fenomen. Per a tal propòsit s’analitzen un total de deu titulacions de les quatre universitats públiques catalanes situades a la Regió Metropolitana de Barcelona: Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Universitat Pompeu Fabra i Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya

CITE Away Day Presentation

This presentation was delivered by Professor Hugh Davis at the first CITE Away Day. The Away Day took place on Wednesday 17 October, 2012 at the Dolphin Hotel, Southampton, 10:00-4:00. The participants were 21 members of CITE and facilitation was provided by Kate Dickens (who is also a member of CITE).

Características del diseño de una relación estratégica comunitaria y marketing en emprendimiento en el sector de ambientadores y cosméticos

En nuestro país el sector de ambientadores y cosméticos ha presentado un crecimiento económico constante y notable, proyectando a Colombia para el año 2032 como un dirigente en la elaboración de cosméticos y productos de aseo. La biodiversidad colombiana ofrece múltiples recursos, incluyendo una gran diversidad de aromas naturales, es un importante mercado para producción de cosméticos sin la utilización de productos artificiales. El presente trabajo de investigación tiene por objetivo determinar las características del diseño de una relación estratégica comunitaria y marketing en la creación de una empresa de cosméticos y ambientadores. Ésta investigación se realiza bajo la recopilación de información del sector y principalmente de la organización, dentro de un estudio empírico-analítico descriptivo. Estableciendo resultados que finalmente dan respuesta a la utilidad de estrategias comunitarias en la actualidad. En el caso de estudio de la nueva empresa "Jolie Le Petit" en un sector en crecimiento, ofrece múltiples oportunidades de negocio y permite generar ideas innovadoras para la venta de productos. La facilidad de cambio y la inclusión en la comunidad posibilita el acercamiento a los clientes, asegurando la permanencia en el mercado indicado. Considerando la posibilidad que la inversión extranjera en el sector pueda afectar notablemente el mercado nacional. Mediante el análisis concluimos que la estrategia de mercadeo comunitaria es adecuada y aplicable a este tipo de empresa. "Jolie Le Petit" además de ser una unidad es también un actor social, estando inmersa en una comunidad en donde juega un papel vital el ser percibida como un buen vecino, ofreciendo a los clientes confianza compromiso y relación continua.

Preparadurías estudiantiles como proceso de aprendizaje colaborativo entre estudiantes de ingeniería de la UNEXPO, Vicerectorado de Puerto Ordaz

Se trata de una investigación que se realizó en la Universidad Nacional Experimental Politécnica "Antonio José de Sucre" (UNEXPO), Vicerrectorado Puerto Ordaz, Venezuela, referida al estudio e intervención educativa en el programa de preparadurías (mecanismo de asesoramiento académico entre estudiantes de ingeniería), en el ámbito de matemática I (asignatura crítica), que desarrolló procesos participativos de enseñanza-aprendizaje en aula fundamentados en una metodología colaborativa, de cara a la promoción de un cambio educativo. La investigación tiene como propósito promover la mejora de los procesos de enseñanza aprendizaje que se desarrollan en este programa, facilitando la participación de los preparadores en un proceso de intervención. Las acciones que orientaron la intervención en el aula, se fundamentan en una concepción constructivista y sociocultural de los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje, que otorgan un papel preponderante a la actividad del alumno mediada por factores de su contexto educativo. Desde el punto de vista metodológico, estamos frente a un tipo de investigación interpretativa, sustentada operacionalmente por la metodología cualitativa. Para llevarla a cabo, se definieron tres fases interconectadas en el proceso investigativo: descriptiva, de intervención y valoración; destacando que la fase intervención en el aula, se inspiró en la investigación-acción, como mecanismo indagatorio y propulsor de la transformación en la práctica. En estas fases, fue predominante la identificación de informantes clave de acuerdo a momentos y ámbitos de actuación y combinaciones que relacionaban técnicas narrativas como los grupos de discusión, entrevistas cualitativas y la observación, entre otras. Los resultados más resaltantes, tienden a realizar una caracterización exhaustiva de las preparadurías, describir de forma pormenorizada la experiencia vivida con los preparadores, la cual trata de aportar una estrategia pedagógica en matemática I, traducida en el aprovechamiento de las relaciones simétricas entre alumnos en ambientes colaborativos. La investigación permite a la UNEXPO, otras universidades y a la comunidad educativa, evaluar la posibilidades que ofrece una propuesta innovadora de enseñanza-aprendizaje en matemática I, que puede orientar las acciones pedagógicas en una de las asignaturas con más bajo porcentaje de promoción; combinando la colaboración, participación; explorando y aprovechando las relaciones entre iguales en ambientes alternativos de aprendizaje como las preparadurías.

La escuela activa y la cuestión social en el Ecuador: dos propuestas de reforma educativa, 1930-1940 (Estudios)

Entre 1925 Y 1947, el sistema educativo ecuatoriano experimentó la influencia de la ""escuela nueva"", una tendencia pedagógica que surgió en Estados Unidos yen algunos países europeos a finales del siglo XIX. Este artículo analiza cómo los dispositivos pedagógicos desarrollados por esta tendencia, sirvieron para que se pusiera en marcha un proyecto político y social asociado al higienismo, la regeneración racial, la modernización y la homogeneización cultural. Con este propósito, se analizan dos textos producidos en esos años: la conferencia pronunciada por el pedagogo Leonidas García en el Congreso de Educación Primaria y Normal del Ecuador, realizado en mayo de 1930, y un ensayo de Vicente Andrade, de 1942, sobre la incorporación de la escuela rural a la cultura nacional. Ambos textos ilustran las perspectivas que se tenían sobre los problemas educativos del Ecuador.

School effectiveness and the displacement of equity discourses in education

An essential aspect of school effectiveness theory is the shift from the social to the organisational context, from the macro- to the micro-culture. The school is represented largely as a bounded institution, set apart, but also in a precarious relationship with the broader social context. It is ironic that at a time when social disadvantage appears to be increasing in Britain and elsewhere, school effectiveness theory places less emphasis on poverty, deprivation and social exclusion. Instead, it places more emphasis on organisational factors such as professional leadership, home/school partnerships, the monitoring of academic progress, shared vision and goals. In this article, the authors evaluate the extent to which notions of effectiveness have displaced concerns about equity in theories of educational change. They explore the extent to which the social structures of gender, ethnicity, sexualities, special needs, social class, poverty and other historical forms of inequality have been incorporated into or distorted and excluded from effectiveness thinking.

Incorporating creativity into teachers practice and self-concept of professional identity

The study explores what happens to teachers practice and ’ professional identity when they adopt a collaborative action research approach to teaching and involve external creative partners and a university mentor. The teachers aim to nurture and develop the creative potential of their learners through empowering them to make decisions for themselves about their own progress and learning directions. The teachers worked creatively and collaboratively designing creative teaching and learning methods in support of pupils with language and communication difficulties. The respondents are from an English special school, primary school and girls secondary school. A mixed methods methodology is adopted. Gains in teacher confidence and capability were identified in addition to shifts in values that impacted directly on their self-concept of what it is to be an effective teacher promoting effective learning. The development of their professional identities within a team ethos included them being able to make decisions about learning that are based on the educational potential of learners that they proved resulted in elevated standards achieved by this group of learners. They were able to justify their actions on established educational principles. Tensions however were revealed between what they perceived as their normal required professionalism imposed by external agencies and the enhanced professionalism experienced working through the project where they were able to integrate theory and practice.

A case study of the Tatweer school system in Saudi Arabia: the perceptions of leaders and teachers

School reform is a major concern in many countries that seek to improve their educational systems and enhance their performances. In consequence, many global schemes, theories, studies, attempts, and programmes have been introduced to promote education in recent years. Saudi Arabia is one of these countries that implemented educational change by introducing many initiatives. The Tatweer Programme is one of these initiatives and is considered as a major recent reform. The main purpose of this study is to investigate this reform in depth by examining the perceptions and experiences of the Tatweer leaders and teachers to find out which extent they have been enabled to be innovative, and to examine the types of leadership and decision-making that have been undertaken by such schools. This study adopted a qualitative case study that employed interviews, focus groups and documentary analysis. The design of the study has been divided into two phases; the first phase was the feasibility study and the second phase was the main study. The research sample of the feasibility study was head teachers, educational experts and Tatweer Unit’s members. The sample of the main study was three Tatweer schools, Tatweer Unit members and one official of Tatweer Project in Riyadh. The findings of this study identified the level of autonomy in managing the school; the Tatweer schools’ system is semi-autonomous when it comes to the internal management, but it lacks autonomy when it comes to staff appointment, student assessment, and curriculum development. In addition, the managerial work has been distributed through teams and members; the Excellence Team plays a critical role in school effectiveness leading an efficient change. Moreover, Professional Learning Communities have been used to enhance the work within Tatweer schools. Finally the findings show that there have been major shifts in the Tatweer schools’ system; the shifting from centralisation to semi-decentralisation; from the culture of the individual to the culture of community; from the traditional school to one focused on self-evaluation and planning; from management to leadership; and from an isolated school being open to society. These shifts have impacted positively on the attitudes of students, parents and staff.

Professional development : the singing ear sees and does

This paper argues that professional development is seen as one element that can lead to the types of change that create more effective schools and improve the learning outcomes of students (Rhodes and Houghton-Hill, 2000). As change is a multifaceted phenomenon that teachers find difficult, it questions and challenges education reform that requires teachers to significantly change their practices and approaches to teaching without significant long-term ongoing support for that change. While there is an emphasis on teachers to be lifelong learners and teaching is viewed as a dynamic and growing profession, many teachers will require ongoing professional development to support such change. This paper examines the relationship between professional growth and professional development and its impact on teacher change. This paper concludes with some views from artists-in-residence and from music teachers regarding onsite professional development and the need for ongoing professional development specifically in African music. The authors contend that an expanded program of professional development in music is likely to be more effective if it is onsite and long-term where broad educational views are considered and participants’ knowledge valued.