Epidemiología clínica de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria y el consumo de drogas : un estudio descriptivo y analítico.

I.-Descubrir la incidencia y la asociación entre los Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria y el consumo de drogas, en los dispositivos asistenciales de Salud Mental del Servicio Navarro de Salud. II.-Identificar las particularidades que presentan las pacientes afectadas desde el punto de vista clínico y psicosocial, así como las implicaciones clínicas derivadas de la asociación de los TCA y el consumo de sustancias. Noventa pacientes mujeres que solicitan tratamiento por padecer TCA como primer diagnóstico en el Centro de Salud Mental de Ermitagaña de Pamplona del Servicio Navarro de Salud. No existió selección previa. Las pacientes eran citadas a consulta según disponibilidad de los profesionales facultativos del Centro de Salud. A todas ellas se les pasa un Protocolo en el contexto de la correspondiente exploración clínica. El equipo investigador diseña y elabora el protocolo en el que se recogen diferentes variables desde una perspectiva bio-psico-social de los TCA. Consta de cinco bloques temáticos con sus apartados: I.-Datos sociodemográficos y de localización: el perfil sociodemográfico del paciente y la ficha personal del mismo. II.-Historia de la enfermedad: información subjetiva de la propia paciente sobre la edad de comienzo del trastorno alimenticio y sobre los acontecimientos previos a los TCA. III.-Consumo de sustancias. IV.-Estado actual de la enfermedad. V.-Motivación, Diagnóstico y Tratamiento: escala de dimensiones causales de Dan Russell. Esta información diagnóstica se completa con el estudio de las Medidas antropométricas y pruebas de laboratorio. Cuestionarios de evaluación psicopatológica: I.-El Inventario de Depresión de BECK (BDI): para evaluar la intensidad de los síntomas depresivos. II.-El Cuestionario de ansiedad estado/rasgo (STAI): la autoevaluación de dos conceptos independientes de la ansiedad, la ansiedad como estado y la ansiedad como rasgo. III.-El Inventario clínico multiaxial de Millon-II (MCMI-II): instrumento de evaluación clínica para el estudio de personalidad. Cuestionarios de evaluación de los TCA: I.-Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-40): para la evaluación de las actitudes y del comportamiento en la anorexia. II.-Body Attitude test (BAT): para medir la actitud negativa hacia el cuerpo. III.-Inventario para el estudio de la Bulimia, Edimburgo (BITE): permite identificar la presencia de síntomas bulímicos y su intensidad. IV.-Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI-2): cuestionario diseñado para la evaluación de los síntomas de relevancia clínica asociados a la AN y BN. Programa estadístico SPSS para Windows. I.-La prevalencia del consumo de sustancias-tanto legales como ilegales-manifiesta una mayor tendencia a la asociación con las pacientes diagnosticadas de AN y BN. II.-El tipo de droga consumida tiende a presentarse asociada con los padecimientos de AN o de BN. Se observa cierta relación entre el tipo de droga y el consumo, con el hecho de que el síndrome sea completo o parcial. III.-La edad media de iniciación en el consumo de sustancias, resultaba más precoz entre las pacientes bulímicas que respecto a las anoréxicas. IV.-La presencia simultánea de TCA y de consumo de sustancias era superior entre aquellas pacientes que presentaron factores sociofamiliares desfavorables y/o estresantes. V.-La prevalencia de síntomas físicos surgió con mayor frecuencia en aquellas pacientes diagnosticadas de TCA que, además, solían consumir sustancias. VI.-Las alteraciones psicopatológicas eran más altas en los casos que había concurrencia de TCA y de consumo de drogas, que en aquéllos que poseían un diagnóstico único de TCA.

Assessment of thought–shape fusion: initial validation of a short version of the trait thought–shape fusion scale

Objective: Thought–shape fusion (TSF) is a cognitive distortion that has been linked to eating pathology. Two studies were conducted to further explore this phenomenon and to establish the psychometric properties of a French short version of the TSF scale. Method: In Study 1, students (n 5 284) completed questionnaires assessing TSF and related psychopathology. In Study 2, the responses of women with eating disorders (n 5 22) and women with no history of an eating disorder (n 5 23) were compared. Results: The French short version of the TSF scale has a unifactorial structure, with convergent validity with measures of eating pathology, and good internal consistency. Depression, eating pathology, body dissatisfaction, and thought-action fusion emerged as predictors of TSF. Individuals with eating disorders have higher TSF, and more clinically relevant food-related thoughts than do women with no history of an eating disorder. Discussion: This research suggests that the shortened TSF scale can suitably measure this construct, and provides support for the notion that TSF is associated with eating pathology.

Radically open-dialectical behavior therapy for adult anorexia nervosa: feasibility and outcomes from an inpatient program

Background Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a highly life-threatening disorder that is extremely difficult to treat. There is evidence that family-based therapies are effective for adolescent AN, but no treatment has been proven to be clearly effective for adult AN. The methodological challenges associated with studying the disorder have resulted in recommendations that new treatments undergo preliminary testing prior to being evaluated in a randomized clinical trial. The aim of this study was to provide preliminary evidence on the effectiveness of a treatment program based on a novel adaptation of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) for adult Anorexia Nervosa (Radically Open-DBT; RO-DBT) that conceptualizes AN as a disorder of overcontrol. Methods Forty-seven individuals diagnosed with Anorexia Nervosa-restrictive type (AN-R; mean admission body mass index = 14.43) received the adapted DBT inpatient program (mean length of treatment = 21.7 weeks). Results Seventy-two percent completed the treatment program demonstrating substantial increases in body mass index (BMI; mean change in BMI = 3.57) corresponding to a large effect size (d = 1.91). Thirty-five percent of treatment completers were in full remission, and an additional 55% were in partial remission resulting in an overall response rate of 90%. These same individuals demonstrated significant and large improvements in eating-disorder related psychopathology symptoms (d = 1.17), eating disorder-related quality of life (d = 1.03), and reductions in psychological distress (d = 1.34). Conclusions RO-DBT was associated with significant improvements in weight gain, reductions in eating disorder symptoms, decreases in eating-disorder related psychopathology and increases in eating disorder-related quality of life in a severely underweight sample. These findings provide preliminary support for RO-DBT in treating AN-R suggesting the importance of further evaluation examining long-term outcomes using randomized controlled trial methodology.

HPA axis related genes and response to psychological therapies: genetics and epigenetics

Background Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis functioning has been implicated in the development of stress-related psychiatric diagnoses and response to adverse life experiences. This study aimed to investigate the association between genetic and epigenetics in HPA axis and response to cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). Methods Children with anxiety disorders were recruited into the Genes for Treatment project (GxT, N = 1,152). Polymorphisms of FKBP5 and GR were analyzed for association with response to CBT. Percentage DNA methylation at the FKBP5 and GR promoter regions was measured before and after CBT in a subset (n = 98). Linear mixed effect models were used to investigate the relationship between genotype, DNA methylation, and change in primary anxiety disorder severity (treatment response). Results Treatment response was not associated with FKBP5 and GR polymorphisms, or pretreatment percentage DNA methylation. However, change in FKBP5 DNA methylation was nominally significantly associated with treatment response. Participants who demonstrated the greatest reduction in severity decreased in percentage DNA methylation during treatment, whereas those with little/no reduction in severity increased in percentage DNA methylation. This effect was driven by those with one or more FKBP5 risk alleles, with no association seen in those with no FKBP5 risk alleles. No significant association was found between GR methylation and response. Conclusions Allele-specific change in FKBP5 methylation was associated with treatment response. This is the largest study to date investigating the role of HPA axis related genes in response to a psychological therapy. Furthermore, this is the first study to demonstrate that DNA methylation changes may be associated with response to psychological therapies in a genotype-dependent manner.

Changing attitudes, beliefs and feelings towards food in bulimic patients

Eating attitudes are defined as beliefs. thoughts, feelings and behaviors towards food. Bulimia nervosa (BN) is ail eating disorder, in which the eating, attitudes are Seriously disturbed. Studies that evaluated nutritional aspects of BN focus mainly oil food intake, dietary restriction and binge eating. while the follow-up Studies evaluate mainly clinical symptoms. The objective of this study was to evaluate eating attitudes of patients with BN. during and after cognitive-behavioral intervention. Thirty nine (39) BN female patients received cognitive behavioral treatment with a Multidisciplinary team and had eating attitudes assessed by a questionnaire developed for this research. Frequencies of the attitudes assessed were compared at baseline. after 12 weeks and 24 weeks of treatment. After treatment, patients had less distorted beliefs about food, less guilty after eating ""forbidden"" foods and they felt more tranquil while caring outside home. Other negative behaviors, as dietary restriction, the desire of not cat, being angry when feeling hungry and using the food to relive stress. persisted. Eating attitudes of patients with BN are hard to be changed in a short-term. More attention to this disease`s component and new approaches to treatment are needed in order to have a better recovery.

Dysfagi efter stroke : Omvårdnadsåtgärder för att underlätta näringsintag och måltidssituationer

Dysfagi betyder svårt att svälja och innefattar många olika problem. Det kan vara svårigheter med att få födan att passera från munnen bakåt till svalget, att riskera att få ner mat och dryck i lungorna vilket ger lungkomplikationer. En känsla av att maten fastnar i bröstet men också ett hot om isolering. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att undersöka patientens egna upplevelser av måltidssituationer, hur malnutrition kan förebyggas samt vilka omvårdnadsåtgärder som underlättar ätandet för patienter som i samband med en stroke drabbats av dysfagi. Artiklar har sökts i databaserna Blackwell Synergy, Swemed+, Elin@Dalarna och Medline. Manuellt har litteratur sökts på Ludvika Kommuns bibliotek och bland tidigare studielitteratur. Urvalet begränsades till att beröra patienter som fått dysfagi i samband med en stroke vidare skulle artiklarna ha en relevans till syfte och frågeställning. Till resultat delen har 12 artiklar använts. Munvård och konsistensanpassning av mat och dryck är omvårdnadsåtgärder som visat sig ge bra resultat vidare är det viktigt med lugn vid matbordet och att måltiden får ta den tid den tar. Att dricka en kopp kaffe kan ta en timme för en person med dysfagi. Nyttan av information och tips om olika knep, tekniska hjälpmedel och träning är inte att förringa.

Abuso sexual, transtornos mentais e doencas fisicas

Objective: to review and describe the different organic and psychic consequences of sexual abuse. Methodology: 71 papers were sorted in a ten-year literature search (1987-1997) in MedLine and Lilacs (South American Literature Index), besides 14 books in the subject. Results: sexual abuse is much less frequent (or less reported) in Brazil: 7% of the population, while in the USA the prevalence is 12.9% to 28% of women and 2% to 9% of men. Results showed women being more frequently sexually abused but less differences in physical abuse were found between genders. There was a significant association between sexual abuse and the following: eating disorders, depression, irritable bowel, chronic pain (mainly pelvic), neurological, rheumatic and venereal disorders. This association was not observed in chronic constipation, Chron disease and dissociative disorders. Conclusions: although it is important to think of sexual/physical abuse as a predisposing factor to several illnesses, caution is necessary specially in cultures with different moral and ethical values. Research in this subject in Brazil should be conducted with patients in treatment, using control groups, in order to take advantage of the existing rapport. It would be also quite important to separate acute and chronic abuse effects, as well as getting to know the meaning of the experienced abuse to each person.

The Brazilian version of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Clinician rating scale (NPI-C): Reliability and validity in dementia

ABSTRACT Background: Patients with dementia may be unable to describe their symptoms, and caregivers frequently suffer emotional burden that can interfere with judgment of the patient's behavior. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Clinician rating scale (NPI-C) was therefore developed as a comprehensive and versatile instrument to assess and accurately measure neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in dementia, thereby using information from caregiver and patient interviews, and any other relevant available data. The present study is a follow-up to the original, cross-national NPI-C validation, evaluating the reliability and concurrent validity of the NPI-C in quantifying psychopathological symptoms in dementia in a large Brazilian cohort. Methods: Two blinded raters evaluated 312 participants (156 patient-knowledgeable informant dyads) using the NPI-C for a total of 624 observations in five Brazilian centers. Inter-rater reliability was determined through intraclass correlation coefficients for the NPI-C domains and the traditional NPI. Convergent validity included correlations of specific domains of the NPI-C with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Index (CMAI), the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD), and the Apathy Inventory (AI). Results: Inter-rater reliability was strong for all NPI-C domains. There were high correlations between NPI-C/delusions and BPRS, NPI-C/apathy-indifference with the AI, NPI-C/depression-dysphoria with the CSDD, NPI-C/agitation with the CMAI, and NPI-C/aggression with the CMAI. There was moderate correlation between the NPI-C/aberrant vocalizations and CMAI and the NPI-C/hallucinations with the BPRS. Conclusion: The NPI-C is a comprehensive tool that provides accurate measurement of NPS in dementia with high concurrent validity and inter-rater reliability in the Brazilian setting. In addition to universal assessment, the NPI-C can be completed by individual domains. © International Psychogeriatric Association 2013.

Fatores relacionados ao gasto e consumo energético de mulheres obesas com e sem síndrome metabólica

Pós-graduação em Alimentos e Nutrição - FCFAR

Vivências de adolescentes anoréxicas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Prevalência e fatores associados a comportamentos sugestivos de transtornos alimentares entre estudantes de medicina, enfermagem e nutrição

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Percepção de dimensões corporais de adolescentes do sexo feminino: aspectos psicofísicos e comportamentais

Pós-graduação em Ciências da Motricidade - IBRC

Body posture evaluations in subjects with internal temporomandibular joint derangement

The aim of this study was to verify possible relationships between global body posture and temporomandibular joint internal derangement (TMJ-id), by comparing 30 subjects presenting typical TMJ-id signs to 20 healthy subjects. Body posture was assessed using the analysis of muscle chains on several photographs. Results show a higher frequency of lifted shoulders (p=0.04) and of changes in the antero-internal hip chain (p=0.02) in the test group, but no further differences were found significant between the control and test groups. The test group was then divided into three subgroups according to the Helkimo index of temporomandibular disorder severity. Again, no significant differences were found between the subgroups. However, there was a trend noticed in the group with the most severe dysfunction, to present a forward head and shoulders posture. Results are discussed in light of previous studies using the same sample.

The occupational roles of women with anorexia nervosa

This study's objective was to understand how occupational roles of individuals with anorexia nervosa are configured. The sample was composed of a control group and 11 adult women with anorexia nervosa being cared for by the Eating Disorders Care Group in a hospital in Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil. Socio-demographic and anthropometric data were collected and the Role Checklist was applied. The results revealed a significant loss of roles for women with anorexia nervosa in relation to the performance of the roles worker, friend, and amateur/hobbyist, supporting the idea that psychosocial harm may arise from this eating disorder. The evaluation of occupational roles in the treatment of eating disorders is an important strategy for planning Occupational Therapy activities and supporting the creation of healthier spaces to enable individuals to resume occupational roles, and acquire independence and autonomy.