An efficient Cu(II)-bis(oxazoline)-based polymer immobilised ionic liquid phase catalyst for asymmetric carbon–carbon bond formation

The asymmetric Diels-Alder reaction between N-acryloyloxazolidinone and cyclopentadiene and the Mukaiyama-aldol reaction between methylpyruvate and 1-phenyl-1-trimethylsilyloxyethene have been catalysed by heterogeneous copper(II)-bis(oxazoline)-based polymer immobilised ionic liquid phase (PIILP) systems generated from a range of linear and cross linked ionic polymers. In both reactions selectivity and ee were strongly influenced by the choice of polymer. A comparison of the performance of a range of Cu(II)-bis(oxazoline)-PIILP catalyst systems against analogous supported ionic liquid phase (SILP) heterogeneous catalysts as well as their homogeneous counterparts has been undertaken and their relative merits evaluated.

Estudio respirométrico de Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 en presencia de iones Cu (II) y Zn (II)

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Microbiología Industrial) UANL

Eliminación fotocatalítica de tricloroetileno empleando como catalizador TiO? dopado con Cu (II).

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Orientación en Procesos Sustentables) UANL, 2013.

Evaluación de la retención de Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) y Pb(II) por extracción sólido-líquido y líquido-líquido del poli(ácido acrílico-co-ácido 2-acrilamidoglicólico).

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Química Analítica Ambiental) UANL, 2011.

Zeolite-encapsulated Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes as catalysts for partial oxidation of benzyl alcohol and ethylbenzene

Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes of dimethylglyoxime and N,N-ethylenebis(7-methylsalicylideneamine) have been synthesized in situ in Y zeolite by the reaction of ion-exchanged metal ions with the flexible ligand molecules that had diffused into the cavities. The hybrid materials obtained have been characterized by elemental analysis, SEM, XRD, surface area, pore volume, magnetic moment, FTIR, UV-Vis and EPR techniques. Analysis of data indicates the formation of complexes in the pores without affecting the zeolite framework structure, the absence of any extraneous species and the geometry of encapsulated complexes. The catalytic activities for hydrogen peroxide decomposition and oxidation of benzyl alcohol and ethylbenzene of zeolite complexes are reported. Zeolite Cu(II) complexes were found to be more active than the corresponding Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes for oxidation reactions. The catalytic properties of the complexes are influenced by their geometry and by the steric environment of the active sites. Zeolite complexes are stable enough to be reused and are suitable to be utilized as partial oxidation catalysts.

Electroactive Dipyrromethene-Cu(II) Monolayers Deposited onto Gold Electrodes for Voltammetric Determination of Paracetamol

Dipyrromethene-Cu(II) derivatives possessing two dodecane alkyl chains have been used for the modification of gold electrodes. Electroactive host molecules have been incorporated into a lipophilic dodecanethiol SAM deposited onto gold electrodes through hydrophobic and van der Waals interactions (embedment technique). The presence of dipyrromethene-Cu(II) redox centers on the electrode surface was proved by cyclic voltammetry and Osteryoung square-wave voltammetry. The Au electrodes incorporating redox active Cu(II)-dipyrromethene SAMs were used for the direct voltammetric determination of paracetamol in human plasma.

Versatile binding properties of a di-2-pyridyl ketone nicotinoylhydrazone ligand: Crystal structure of a Cu(II) complex

Six new copper complexes of di-2-pyridyl ketone nicotinoylhydrazone (HDKN) have been synthesized. The complexes have been characterized by a variety of spectroscopic techniques and the structure of [Cu(DKN)2]·H2O has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound [Cu(DKN)2]·H2O crystallized in the monoclinic space group P21 and has a distorted octahedral geometry. The IR spectra revealed the presence of variable modes of chelation for the investigated ligand. The EPR spectra of compounds [Cu2(DKN)2( -N3)2] and [Cu2(DKN)2( -NCS)2] in polycrystalline state suggest a dimeric structure as they exhibited a half field signal, which indicate the presence of a weak interaction between two Cu(II) ions in these complexes

Condiciones de trabajo, salud y seguridad en el trabajo de la población del sector salud de una IPS de nivel I y II de complejidad en Yopal Casanare, 2014

Introducción Dentro de los factores más comunes que influyen en la causa de accidentes o enfermedades laborales están el de riesgo biomecánico los cuales pueden desencadenar trastornos musculo esqueléticos generados por la repetición excesiva de movimientos, posturas forzadas y levantar objetos pesados. Otros posibles factores de riesgo son de origen físico, psicológico o personal. Estos factores pueden relacionarse entre sí y su influencia también puede estar mediada por factores culturales o sociales. Objetivo Determinar las condiciones laborales, de salud y seguridad en el trabajo de la población asistencial y administrativa de una IPS en la ciudad de Yopal Casanare. Método Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal en 88 trabajadores del equipo de salud tanto asistencial y administrativo de I y II nivel de complejidad. Se aplicó el instrumento Cuestionario Nórdico de seguridad y el de condiciones de trabajo y salud. Resultados En este estudio se encontró una participación mayor del género femenino con un 88,6%. La percepción de la estabilidad laboral fue alta en un 60,2%, media en un 37,5% y baja en el 2,3% de los trabajadores. En cuanto a la posición habitual de trabajo, se encontró que el 41% de los trabajadores del nivel asistencial debe trabajar de pie mientras que en los niveles administrativo y directivo la posición de trabajo habitual es sentada, con un 51,9% y un 66,7% respectivamente. Respecto a la realización de movimientos repetitivos se presentan en el nivel asistencial con un 34,5% y en el nivel directivo con un 50%. En las condiciones de salud, predomina el dolor en los miembros superiores e inferiores siendo el más reportado el dolor de muñeca tanto en el área administrativa como en la asistencial. En la percepción de seguridad frente al trabajo, se encontró que el 38% consideran los accidentes menores como parte normal del trabajo diario, en el nivel administrativo el 74% acepta correr riesgos incluso cuando los tiempos de trabajo son ajustados. Conclusión Las condiciones de seguridad y salud de los trabajadores evaluados se caracterizaron por sobre carga laboral, autonomía en el trabajo y la concientización de la importancia de la seguridad en el área de trabajo. Un lugar de trabajo que los empleados toleran y disfrutan puede fomentar la motivación laboral y ofrecer mejores resultados. Sin embargo, las malas condiciones en el lugar de trabajo, pueden afectar el rendimiento y la productividad de los empleados.

Anion-pi, Lone-Pair-pi, pi-pi and Hydrogen-Bonding Interactions in a Cu-II Complex of 2-Picolinate and Protonated 4,4 '-Bipyridine: Crystal Structure and Theoretical Studies

A Cu-II complex of protonated 4,4'-bipyridine (Hbyp) and 2-picolinate (pic), [Cu-2(pic)(3)(Hbyp)(H2O)(ClO4)(2)], has been synthesised and characterised by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The structure consists of two copper atoms that have different environments, bridged by a carboxylate group. The equatorial plane is formed by the two bidentate picolinate groups in one Cu-II, and one picolinate, one monodentate 4,4'-bipyridyl ligand and a water molecule in the other. Each copper atom is also weakly bonded to a perchlorate anion in an axial position. One of the coordinated perchlorate groups displays anion-pi interaction with the coordinated pyridine ring. The noncoordinated carboxylate oxygen is involved in lone-pair (l.p.)-pi interaction with the protonated pyridine ring. In addition there are pi-pi and H-bonding interactions in the structure. Bader's theory of "atoms in molecules" (AIM) is used to characterise the anion-pi and l.p.-pi interactions observed in the solid state. A high-level ab initio study (RI-MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory) has been performed to analyse the anion-pi binding affinity of the pyridine ring when it is coordinated to a transition metal and also when the other pyridine ring of the 4,4'-bipyridine moiety is protonated. Theoretical investigations support the experimental findings of an intricate network of intermolecular interactions, which is characterised in the studied complex, and also indicate that protonation as well as coordination to the transition metal have important roles in influencing the pi-binding properties of the aromatic ring. ((C) Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)

Anion-directed synthesis of metal-organic frameworks based on 2-picolinate Cu(II) complexes: a ferromagnetic alternating chain and two unprecedented ferromagnetic fish backbone chains

Three new polynuclear copper(II) complexes of 2-picolinic acid (Hpic), {[Cu-2(pic)(3)(H2O)]ClO4}(n) (1), {[Cu-2(pic)(3)(H2O)]BF4}(n) (2), and [Cu-2(pic)3(H2O)(2)(NO3)](n) (3), have been synthesized by reaction of the "metalloligand" [Cu-(pic)(2)] with the corresponding copper(II) salts. The compounds are characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses and variable-temperature magnetic measurements. Compounds 1 and 2 are isomorphous and crystallize in the triclinic system with space group P (1) over bar, while 3 crystallizes in the monoclinic system with space group P2(1)/n. The structural analyses reveal that complexes 1 and 2 are constructed by "fish backbone" chains through syn-anti (equatorial-equatorial) carboxylate bridges, which are linked to one another by syn-anti (equatorial-axial) carboxylate bridges, giving rise to a rectangular grid-like two-dimensional net. Complex 3 is formed by alternating chains of syn-anti carboxylate-bridged copper(II) atoms, which are linked together by strong H bonds involving coordinated nitrate ions and water molecules and uncoordinated oxygen atoms from carboxylate groups. The different coordination ability of the anions along with their involvement in the H-bonding network seems to be responsible for the difference in the final polymeric structures. Variable-temperature (2-300 K) magnetic susceptibility measurement shows the presence of weak ferromagnetic coupling for all three complexes that have been fitted with a fish backbone model developed for 1 and 2 (J = 1.74 and 0.99 cm(-1); J' = 0.19 and 0.25 cm(-1), respectively) and an alternating chain model for 3 (J = 1.19 cm(-1) and J' = 1.19 cm(-1)).

Hydrothermal synthesis and structural characterization of novel alpha-Keggin unit-supported Cu(II)- and Mn(II)-bipyridine complexes from a tri-lacunary precursor

Blue [{Cu(2,2'-bipy)(2)}(2){alpha-SiW12O40}] (bipy = bipyridyl) (1) and pale yellow [Mn(2,2'-bipy)(3)](2)[alpha-SiW12O40] (2) have been synthesized hydrothermally and characterized by IR spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray structure analysis. In 1, the [alpha-SiW12O40](4-) ion acts as a bridge between the two [{Cu(2,2'-bipy)(2)](2+) moieties via coordination through the terminal oxygen atoms, while in 2, the [Mn(2,2'-bipy)(3)](2+) ion balances the charge on the polyoxo anion without forming any covalent bond. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of transition metal-mediated transformation of [alpha-SiW9O34](10-) to [alpha-SiW12O40](4-).

Facile synthesis of Cu(II) complexes of monocondensed N,N,N donor Schiff base ligands: crystal structure, spectroscopic and magnetic properties

Four new copper(II) complexes, [((CuLN3)-N-1)(2)](ClO4)(2) (1), [(CuL2 N-3)(2)](ClO4)(2) (2), [CuL3(N-3)ClO4)](n) (3) and [CuL4(mu-1,1-N-3)(mu-1,3-N-3)(ClO4)](n) (4) where L-1 = N-1-pyridin-2-yl-methylene-propane-1,3-diamine, L-2 = N-1-(1-pyridin-2-yl-ethylidene)propane-1,3-diamine, L-3 =N-1-(1-pyridin-2-yl-ethylidene)ethane-1,2-diamine and L-4=N-1-(1-pyridin-2-yl-ethylidene)propane-1,2-diamine are four tridentate N,N,N donor Schiff base ligands, have been derived and structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. Compounds 1 and 2 consist of double basal-apical end-on (EO) azide bridged dinuclear Cu-II complexes with square-pyramidal geometry. In complex 3 the square planar mononuclear [CuL3 (N-3)] units are linked by weakly coordinated perchlorate ions in the axial positions of Cu-II to form a one-dimensional chain. Two such chains are connected by hydrogen bonds involving perchlorate ions and azide groups. Compound 4 consists of 1-D chains in which the Cu-II ions with a square-pyramidal geometry are alternately bridged by single EO and end-to-end (EE) azido ligands, both adopting a basal-apical disposition. Variable temperature (300-2 K) magnetic susceptibility measurements and magnetization measurements at 2 K have been performed. The results reveal that complexes 1 and 2 are antiferromagnetically coupled through azido bridges (J= -12.18 +/- 0.09 and -4.43 +/- 0.1 cm(-1) for 1 and 2, respectively). Complex 3 shows two different magnetic interactions through the two kinds of hydrogen bonds; one is antiferromagnetic (J(1) = - 9.69 +/- 0.03 cm(-1)) and the other is ferromagnetic (J(2) = 1.00 +/- 0.01 cm(-1)). From a magnetic point of view complex 4 is a ferromagnetic dinuclear complex (J= 1.91 +/- 0.01 cm(-1)) coupled through the EO bridge only. The coupling through the EE bridge is practically nil as the N(azido)-Cu-II (axial) distance (2.643 angstrom) is too long. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A hexadecanuclear copper(I)-copper(II) mixed-valence compound: structure, magnetic properties, intervalence charge transfer, EPR, and NMR

Hexadecanuclear copper mixed-valence complex 2 containing 10 Cu-II, centers and 6 Cu-I centers was isolated with N,O donor ligands. From the X-ray crystal structure, 2 was found to contain a centrosymmetric dimeric cation - each monomeric unit composed of eight copper centers. It displays a very broad and weak intervalence charge-transfer band around 1100 nm at room temperature in the solid state. Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate an S = 1/2 ground state for half of 2, explicitly, each Cu-8 moiety has a g value around 2.26. Complex 2 was examined by NMR spectroscopy at room temperature in solution and by EPR at low temperature; the data indicates that the valence is delocalized in 2 at room temperature but localized at low temperature. ((C) Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)