Sedimentology, mineral magnetism, andoxygen isotope stratigraphy of ODP Hole 133-819A

To investigate late Quaternary paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic change in the sedimentary record, preserved on the Australian Continental Margin during the late Quaternary, core material was collected from Ocean Drilling Program, Leg 133, Site 819. An expanded sequence of late Quaternary, rhythmically bedded, predominantly hemipelagic sediments were recovered from Hole 819A. The foraminiferal d18O record preserved at Hole 819A suggests that the late Quaternary section is incomplete. Both benthic and planktonic d18O stratigraphies can be traced tentatively downcore to stage 6 at about 32.5 mbsf, where a major hiatus occurs. At this level, a slump detachment surface has been identified (Shipboard Scientific Party, 1991). This slump has removed marine oxygen isotope stages 7 to 13. Below 32.5 mbsf, continuous correlation can be achieved in the planktonic d18O curve, with existing deep-sea foraminiferal oxygen isotope stratigraphies from stage 14 through stage 28. The major hiatus at 32.5 mbsf marks the position of a significant change in the character of the sedimentation at Site 819. Sediments below 32.5 mbsf, relative to those above 32.5 mbsf, are characterized by less variation in mean particle size; lower percentages of carbonate content in the coarse fraction (>63 µm); a stronger relationship between the percentage of fine fraction and magnetic mineral concentration, and lower foraminiferal abundances. Above the hiatus, large fluctuations in mean particle size occurred, which have been interpreted to be the result of high foraminiferal abundances. Early highstands show high terrigenous influx in the fine fraction above the hiatus. This is the opposite of the general idea of high terrigenous influx during lowstands of sea level on siliciclastic dominated continental margins. We are far from understanding the origin of this material and further investigation will be required (see also Glenn et al., this volume). All our records, except the planktonic foraminiferal oxygen isotope record, indicate that the major hiatus marks the position of a significant change in the environment at Site 819. The planktonic foraminiferal d18O record suggests that environmental change occurred prior to the formation of the hiatus (i.e., near the Brunhes/Matuyama [B/M] boundary). The interval between the B/M boundary and the hiatus represents a transitional period between two different patterns of ocean circulation. Throughout most of the lower part of the sequence, Site 819 was at a shallow-water depth and local oceanographic conditions were dominated by sluggish Subtropical Central Water (SCW) flow. However, near the B/M boundary, ocean circulation patterns intensified, reflecting a worldwide change in paleoenvironment. Enhanced ocean circulation patterns were possibly aided by tectonic subsidence. During this period Site 819 became progressively more under the influence of Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW), than SCW. In the upper part of the sequence at Hole 819 A, we see a continuation of the pattern of oceanographic reorganization suggested during stages 21 through 14. Intensification of the subsurface oceanographic circulation was also accompanied by the progressive wedging southward of surface waters associated with the East Australian Current (EAC). The change in the nature of the records in the lower and upper parts of the sequence at Site 819 are thought to reflect perturbations by the orbital eccentricity cycle.

Phytoplankton production, photosynthetic (P vs E) parameters, and particulate organic carbon and nitrogen within distinct water masses of eastern Australian coastal and shelf waters between 29 °S and 36 °S during spring 2010

The present dataset is part of an interdisciplinary project carried out on board the RV Southern Surveyor off New South Wales (Australia) from the 15th to the 31st October 2010. The main objective of the research voyage was to evaluate how the East Australian Current (EAC) affects the optical, chemical, physical, and biological water properties of the continental shelf and slope off the NSW coast.

Multi-dimensional classification with super-classes

The multi-dimensional classification problem is a generalisation of the recently-popularised task of multi-label classification, where each data instance is associated with multiple class variables. There has been relatively little research carried out specific to multi-dimensional classification and, although one of the core goals is similar (modelling dependencies among classes), there are important differences; namely a higher number of possible classifications. In this paper we present method for multi-dimensional classification, drawing from the most relevant multi-label research, and combining it with important novel developments. Using a fast method to model the conditional dependence between class variables, we form super-class partitions and use them to build multi-dimensional learners, learning each super-class as an ordinary class, and thus explicitly modelling class dependencies. Additionally, we present a mechanism to deal with the many class values inherent to super-classes, and thus make learning efficient. To investigate the effectiveness of this approach we carry out an empirical evaluation on a range of multi-dimensional datasets, under different evaluation metrics, and in comparison with high-performing existing multi-dimensional approaches from the literature. Analysis of results shows that our approach offers important performance gains over competing methods, while also exhibiting tractable running time.

Distribución espacio temporal de la captura y esfuerzo en la pesquería de la merluza peruana entre el 2004 – 2011

Desde los años 90, la población de la merluza peruana (Merluccius gayi peruanus) pasó por uno de sus periodos más críticos, lo que conllevo al cierre de la pesquería entre septiembre del 2002 a mayo 2004. Bajo el establecimiento de un Régimen Provisional de extracción con la implementación del Sistema de Cuotas Individuales, se reinició la actividad pesquera en 2004, contando además con un sistema de monitoreo de la población entera de la flota arrastrera industrial operativa. El seguimiento de la variación espacial y temporal de la flota permitirá tener una mejor visión de cambios por parte del recurso. Los datos obtenidos a partir de la información comercial se caracterizan por un continuo abastecimiento de datos cuantitativos y en tiempo real. En este contexto, el objetivo general de la presente tesis es caracterizar los patrones anuales e interanuales del comportamiento espacial y temporal de la flota en relación a la dinámica de la merluza peruana. Para ello, se analizó 70922 registros, los cuales representan a cada lance de pesca realizado por las diferentes embarcaciones entre el 2004 y 2011. A diferencia de las Embarcaciones Arrastreras Costeras (EAC), las Embarcaciones Arrastreras de Mediana Escala (EAME) presentaron cambios en su operatividad. Se propone el uso de horas de arrastre por potencia de motor (h*HP) y kilogramos por h*HP (kg/h*HP) como unidades del esfuerzo y Captura por Unidad de Esfuerzo (CPUE) respectivamente, estas variables mostraron similares patrones para ambos tipos de embarcaciones. Si bien la CPUE mostró cierta estabilidad y posterior aumento, el número de individuos capturados de merluza incrementó notablemente; es decir, las merluzas capturadas fueron cada vez más pequeñas, estando la pesquería sustentada principalmente por individuos menores a 29 cm. Finalmente, se observó cualitativamente la existencia de una relación inversa entre el área de distribución de la merluza y su capturabilidad.

Sea surface temperature reconstruction for the Southwest Pacific Ocean

Paleoceanographic archives derived from 17 marine sediment cores reconstruct the response of the Southwest Pacific Ocean to the peak interglacial, Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e (ca. 125?ka). Paleo-Sea Surface Temperature (SST) estimates were obtained from the Random Forest model-an ensemble decision tree tool-applied to core-top planktonic foraminiferal faunas calibrated to modern SSTs. The reconstructed geographic pattern of the SST anomaly (maximum SST between 120 and 132?ka minus mean modern SST) seems to indicate how MIS 5e conditions were generally warmer in the Southwest Pacific, especially in the western Tasman Sea where a strengthened East Australian Current (EAC) likely extended subtropical influence to ca. 45°S off Tasmania. In contrast, the eastern Tasman Sea may have had a modest cooling except around 45°S. The observed pattern resembles that developing under the present warming trend in the region. An increase in wind stress curl over the modern South Pacific is hypothesized to have spun-up the South Pacific Subtropical Gyre, with concurrent increase in subtropical flow in the western boundary currents that include the EAC. However, warmer temperatures along the Subtropical Front and Campbell Plateau to the south suggest that the relative influence of the boundary inflows to eastern New Zealand may have differed in MIS 5e, and these currents may have followed different paths compared to today.

The ecological significance of the combtoothed blenny in a coral reef ecosystem

At Heron Island reef, Great Barrier Reef Australia, biomass densities and mean wet mass of Ward's damselfish Pomacentrus wardi and the jewelled blenny Salarias fasciatus were not significantly different at 2-37 v. 2-95 g m(-2) and 8-7 v. 7-9 g, respectively. Whereas S. fasciatus significantly exceeded P. wardi in (1) total number of bites per day (3427 v. 1155), (2) the mass of epilithic algal community consumed per bite (2-19 1,. 0-14mg) and (3) total organic carbon consumed per day (487-31 v. 35-46 mg C m(-2) day(-1)). Territorial behaviour differed also between the two species. Pomacentrus wardi chased from their territories a smaller proportion of blennies than roving grazers (i.e. scarids, acanthurids, siganids and pomacentrids) relative to S. fasciatus. Salarias fasciatus chased c. 90% of other blennies from their territories, while chasing only c. 20% of all damsels that entered. Both P. wardi and S. fasciatus rarely chased non-grazers. The chasing behaviour of S. fascialus was size dependent, with resident fish chasing only individuals of its own family (i.e. Blenniidae) that were the same or smaller size. Pomacentrus wardi may have tolerated S. fasciatus grazing within its territory, as it contributes to territory defence from other blennies. The possibility that the interaction between the two species is facilitative, rather than competitive, is discussed. It was concluded that salariine blennies play an important, and previously underestimated role in coral reef trophodynamics. (C) 2004 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles.

Missed opportunities:the WTO trade policy review for the East African community

The East African Community (EAC), comprising Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda, came into force on 7 July 2000 with a Common External Tariff (CET) established in January 2005. This Trade Policy Review (TPR) of the EAC is timely as all three countries had implemented significant trade liberalisation since the late 1980s while the CET represented an asymmetric change – Kenya and Tanzania essentially reduced tariffs whereas Uganda increased tariffs. The TPR provides considerable information on the CET and on trade and related policies in each of the member countries. However, the EAC and the TPR missed a number of opportunities: the EAC included no coordinated export promotion or investment provisions, while the TPR says little on the potential for intra-regional trade, and nor does it address the position of the EAC in the economic partnership agreements (EPAs) being negotiated with the EU. This review concentrates on these omissions to explore the implications of the EAC for developments in trade policy in the region.

Common fish diseases and parasites affecting wild and farmed tilapia and catfish in central and western Uganda

Intensification of aquaculture production in Uganda is likely to result into disease out-breaks leading to economic losses to commercial fish farms and associated natural aquatic ecosystems. This survey assessed health profiles of selected commercial fish farms and adjacent natural aquatic ecosystemsto identify fish diseases and parasites affecting Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in aquaculture systems in Uganda. Fish farms encounter disease out-breaks that cause low survival rates (0 - 30%), especially catfish hatcheries. Health management issues are not well understood by fish farmers, with some unable to detect diseased fish. Current control strategies to control aquatic pathogens include use of chemotherapeutants and antibiotics. Bacterial pathogens isolated included Flavobacterium columnare, Aeromonas sp., Edwardsiella sp., Psuedomonus sp., Steptococcus sp., Staphylococcus sp., Proteus sp., and Vibrio sp. A high occurrence of Flavobacterium columnare exists in both asymptomatic and symptomatic fish was observed. Parasites included protozoans (Ichthyopthirius multiphilis, Trichodina sp. and Icthyobodo sp.) and trematodes (Cleidodiscus sp. and Gyrodactylus sp.). Diagnosis and control of diseases and parasites in aquaculture production systems requires adoption of a regional comprehensive biosecurity strategy: the East African (EAC) region unto which this study directly contributes.

Dise?o de un blog para la ense?anza de las enfermedades de transmisi?n sexual a partir del trabajo de aula realizado con estudiantes del grado aceleraci?n del aprendizaje de la Instituci?n Educativa La Buitrera, sede Jos? Mar?a Garc?a de Toledo

La presente investigaci?n surge a partir de datos obtenidos en la Instituci?n Educativa la Buitrera sede Jos? Mar?a Garc?a de Toledo, con estudiantes de aceleraci?n del aprendizaje, metodolog?a conocida como modelo flexible, dirigido a poblaci?n en extraedad y en condici?n de vulnerabilidad. Se elaboran diferentes estrategias que permitan dar cuenta del conocimiento que tienen algunos adolescentes en relaci?n a las ETS y que actividades se utilizar?an para abordar estos temas en la escuela. De las respuestas obtenidas se tiene en cuenta la posibilidad de lograr ense?ar estos temas haciendo uso de las nuevas tecnolog?as; por lo cual se dise?? un material (blog educativo) con los aportes y actividades realizadas con los estudiantes que participaron en la b?squeda de material informativo de las ETS y fundamentados en las teor?as de dise?o Instruccional, el EAC (entorno de aprendizaje constructivista). Para llevar a cabo la propuesta se parte de la construcci?n de unos prop?sitos que con lleven a la realizaci?n del dise?o del blog teniendo en cuenta las necesidades identificadas en los estudiantes. La propuesta metodol?gica fue desarrollada en varias fases: las cuales permitieron realizar una revisi?n bibliogr?fica, la aplicaci?n de un cuestionario, el dise?o de plantillas y el dise?o del blog con un enfoque did?ctico y pedag?gico, que incluye en su dise?o la participaci?n del estudiante en procesos de comunicaci?n y relaci?n social, adem?s se trabajan contenidos espec?ficos sobre ETS, y algunas actividades que fomenten inter?s al estudiante en la participaci?n y aporte de posibles soluciones a problem?ticas relacionadas con el tema a trav?s de la virtualidad. Facilitando su interactividad y comunicaci?n, porque en el aula los j?venes muestran timidez a la hora de dar a conocer sus opiniones acerca de la sexualidad. Finalmente se puede concluir que tanto la metodolog?a (resoluci?n de problemas) escogida para el dise?o del blog favorecen el aprendizaje de la tem?tica de las ETS donde se puede evidenciar los aportes de cada uno de los estudiantes en relaci?n a la construcci?n de un material que les puede dar m?s claridad respecto a la tem?tica.

GERENCIAMENTO DAS INCERTEZAS DE PRODUTOS DE INOVAÇÃO A PARTIR DAS ESTRATÉGIAS DE MARKETING

A inovação é um elemento importante para alavancar a competitividade das empresas brasileiras. Por outro lado, projetos inovadores tendem a ser caracterizados por inúmeras incertezas técnicas e de mercado. Este artigo propõe a fusão de estratégias de marketing com técnicas de gerenciamento de risco de projetos de desenvolvimento de novos produtos e novas tecnologias, aqui denominado de os 4P’s da inovação. A fim de ilustrar esta proposta, este modelo é aplicado a um projeto de TI a fim de determinar o seu valor e risco. Os resultados indicam que o uso conjunto de ferramentas de marketing e de gerenciamento de risco proposto neste modelo agrega valor ao projeto e pode reduzir a probabilidade do gestor tomar decisões equivocadas.

ROLE OF ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE IN HEALTHCARE ORGANIZATIONS AND KNOWLEDGE-BASED MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS SYSTEM

Enterprise architecture (EA) is a tool that aligns organization’s business-process with application and information technology (IT) through EAmodels. This EA model allows the organization to cut off unnecessary IT expenses and determines the future and current IT requirements and boosts organizational performance. Enterprise architecture may be employed in every firm where the firm or organization requires configurations between information technology and business functions. This research investigates the role of enterprise architecture in healthcare organizations and suggests the suitable EA framework for knowledge-based medical diagnostic system for EA modeling by comparing the two most widely used EA frameworks. The results of the comparison identified that the proposed EA has a better framework for knowledge-based medical diagnostic system.