805 resultados para Dolor lumbar
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Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) and poor bone quality. Peak bone density is achieved by the third decade of life, after which bone is maintained by a balanced cycle of bone resorption and synthesis. Age-related bone loss occurs as the bone resorption phase outweighs the bone synthesis phase of bone metabolism. Heritability accounts for up to 90% of the variability in BMD. Chromosomal loci including 1p36, 2p22-25, 11q12-13, parathyroid hormone receptor type 1 (PTHR1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1α) and type II collagen A1/vitamin D receptor (COL11A1/VDR) have been linked or shown suggestive linkage with BMD in other populations. To determine whether these loci predispose to low BMD in the Irish population, we investigated 24 microsatellite markers at 7 chromosomal loci by linkage studies in 175 Irish families of probands with primary low BMD (T-score ≤ -1.5). Nonparametric analysis was performed using the maximum likelihood variance estimation and traditional Haseman-Elston tests on the Mapmaker/Sibs program. Suggestive evidence of linkage was observed with lumbar spine BMD at 2p22-25 (maximum LOD score 2.76) and 11q12-13 (MLS 2.55). One region, 1p36, approached suggestive linkage with femoral neck BMD (MLS 2.17). In addition, seven markers achieved LOD scores > 1.0, D2S149, D11S1313, D11S987, D11S1314 including those encompassing the PTHR1 (D3S3559, D3S1289) for lumbar spine BMD and D2S149 for femoral neck BMD. Our data suggest that genes within a these chromosomal regions are contributing to a predisposition to low BMD in the Irish population.
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Purpose To evaluate if adding clonidine to a standard nerve root block containing local anaesthetic and steroid improved the outcome of patients with severe lumbar nerve root pain secondary to MRI proven lumbar disc prolapse. Methods We undertook a single blind, prospective, randomised controlled trial evaluating 100 consecutive patients with nerve root pain secondary to lumbar disc prolapse undergoing trans-foraminal epidural steroid injection either with or without the addition of clonidine. 50 patients were allocated to each arm of the study. The primary outcome measure was the avoidance of a second procedure- repeat injection or micro-discectomy surgery. Secondary outcome measures were also studied: pain scores for leg and back pain using a visual analogue scale (VAS), the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) and the Measure Your Own Medical Outcome Profile (MYMOP). Follow up was carried out at 6 weeks, 6 months and 1 year. Results No serious complications occurred. Of the 50 patients who received the addition of clonidine, 56% were classified as successful injections, with no further intervention required, as opposed to 40% who received the standard injection. This difference did not reach statistical significance (p=0.109, chi-squared test). All secondary measures showed no statistically significant differences between the groups except curiously, the standard group who had been classified as successful had better leg pain relief than the clonidine group (p=0.026) at 1 year. Conclusions This pilot study has shown a 16% treatment effect with adding clonidine to lumbar nerve root blocks and that it is a safe injectate for this purpose.
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Resumen: En este trabajo se hace una aproximación a la experiencia del aborto, a las consecuencias emocionales y psicológicas que acarrea y a cómo cada mujer lo vive, ya sea en silencio o acompañada de su entorno. Para las mujeres que abortaron es evidente la necesidad de evitar y negar esa experiencia, considerando el intenso dolor, pena y confusión que sintieron después de esta intervención que se supone haría mejores sus vidas. Nuestra cultura, lamentablemente no está preparada para manifestar, aceptar o incluso respetar el dolor post-aborto, ocasionando que su sanación se haga aún más difícil de lo que debería ser. La autora presenta varios testimonios en los cuales se manifiesta la gravedad de esta experiencia. Si, como sociedad, queremos contribuir a la salud mental de mujeres y hombres, debemos tener una mirada más crítica sobre las muchas maneras en que el aborto puede afectar sus vidas.
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Resumen: Los conceptos de dolor, enfermedad y enfermedad terminal exceden plenamente el ámbito meramente biológico y solo pueden abordarse acabadamente desde una perspectiva hilemorfista de persona humana. El enfoque integral de estos conceptos permite descubrir un significado antropológico de los mismos. Su comprensión adecuada constituye un imperativo moral en el cuidado del paciente terminal. En este sentido, es posible rescatar el valor de los cuidados paliativos como una modalidad de atención integral del paciente. En este contexto surge el proyecto de la Casa de la Bondad Salta, que pertenece a la Fundación Manos Abiertas. La Casa de la Bondad tiene como objetivo implementar cuidados paliativos a enfermos terminales. Se parte de la necesidad de realizar un abordaje integral del enfermo desde un enfoque transdisciplinar.
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Resumen: Dolor y muerte son acontecimientos naturales e inevitables en la vida humana. Sin embargo, su consideración varía a lo largo de la historia de la humanidad debido a modificaciones culturales. Desde una perspectiva hedonista, ni uno ni otra parecen tener sentido. La experiencia de la muerte aparece o bien como una paradoja inaceptable o bien como la liberación de una existencia desesperante. Sólo recobrando el sentido trascendente de la vida puede el hombre encontrar un significado al dolor y aceptar con naturalidad y esperanza la muerte.
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Durante muchos años se consideró que los neonatos no experimentaban el dolor por su incapacidad para verbalizarlo. Así, concepciones erróneas hicieron que el dolor neonatal no fuese tratado. En la actualidad, existe evidencia científica que corrobora la capacidad para percibir el dolor, siendo necesario su tratamiento. Aun así, el miedo a los posibles efectos secundarios de los fármacos ha obstaculizado el estudio de nuevos fármacos para el tratamiento del dolor. Es por eso que las estrategias no farmacológicas han tomado gran relevancia en el tratamiento de procedimientos dolorosos menores, y como coadyuvantes de los fármacos en procedimientos de mayor intensidad. El método canguro que se define como un contacto piel a piel entre madre e hijo, surgió como una alternativa ante la escasez de incubadoras. Sin embargo, numerosas investigaciones han demostrado los grandes beneficios que aporta, considerándolo también como una medida no farmacológica eficaz en el alivio del dolor neonatal. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la efectividad del método canguro junto a la administración de sacarosa oral en la disminución del dolor, en comparación con el procedimiento estándar al realizar la prueba de talón. Para ello, se realizará un ensayo clínico aleatorizado dirigido a los neonatos prematuros y de bajo peso gestacional ingresados en la unidad de neonatal del Hospital universitario de Cruces. La variable principal a estudio es la valoración del dolor medido mediante la escala PIPP. Se compararán los datos recogidos en el grupo control e intervención y el análisis de datos se realizará usando el programa informático SPSS.
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Una de las principales características de las vías descendentes provenientes de la RVMMes su capacidad para modular la transmisión nociceptiva en la médula espinal de manerabidireccional, es decir su capacidad tanto de facilitarla como de inhibirla. En este trabajomostramos que la activación de los receptores de la serotonina presentes en neuronas dela médula espinal puede tanto aumentar como disminuir los potenciales evocados porfibras C, o bien no producir cambio alguno en los mismos, dependiendo del subtipo dereceptor que se reclute. Demostramos también que la modulación de la nocicepción pormedio de los subtipos 5-HT1A, -2A, -2B, y -4 se modifica profundamente por efecto dela LNR.Datos previos que documentan mecanismos de interacción entre receptores del glutamatoy de la serotonina en otras regiones del SNC nos han conducido a plantear la hipótesis desu posible existencia en neuronas de las astas posteriores y su función en el dolorpersistente. Hemos hallado que la activación del receptor 5-HT2A induce cambiosplásticos de mGluR1 en las astas posteriores a través de un mecanismo intracelulardependiente de PKC. Esta modulación adquiere un papel clave en los signos desensibilización inducidos por la LNR a partir del quinto día posterior a la lesión. Por suparte, la activación del receptor 5-HT2B induce la fosforilación del receptor NMDA en ladensidad sináptica de las neuronas de las astas posteriores tras la LNR. Este mecanismoes mediado por la translocación de la isoforma ¿ de la PKC al espacio sináptico. El papelde 5-HT2B en la sensibilización central predomina en los primeros 2 días post-ligadura, ypierde relevancia en los días sucesivos.Además, la neurotransmisión serotoninérgica mediada por los receptores 5-HT2A y5-HT2B en animales sometidos a ligadura de L5 tiene un impacto negativo sobre laactividad antinociceptiva de los receptores opioides ¿ y ¿ en la médula espinal. Estosresultados sugieren que la intervención sobre los receptores 2A y 2B podría servir de basepara mejorar la eficacia de la analgesia por opioides en personas con dolor crónico.
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Desde siempre se han utilizado las terapias alternativas o complementarias (MAC) para tratar los problemas de salud. Hoy en día han ido sustituyéndose por la medicina convencional que conocemos. A pesar de ello, las cifras de personas en el mundo que las utilizan son muy altas. En este trabajo pondremos en el punto de mira el empleo de las MAC por parte de los profesionales de enfermería para el control del dolor en pacientes crónicos y/o paliativos. Objetivos: Describir el estado de la investigación y la evidencia científica de las MAC, analizar su grado de implantación en la formación enfermera y su empleo en los cuidados a pacientes con enfermedades crónicas que puedan requerir unos cuidados paliativos que cursan con dolor e identificar diferentes técnicas de las MAC aplicables al manejo del dolor por parte de enfermería. Metodología: Para alcanzar los objetivos se ha realizado una revisión narrativa. Se ha buscado en diferentes bases de datos utilizando criterios de inclusión y exclusión que han permitido seleccionar las fuentes bibliográficas necesarias. Conclusión: Las MAC demuestran ser eficaces a la hora de realizar los cuidados y controlar el dolor de los pacientes con enfermedades crónicas que puedan requerir de cuidados paliativos, los profesionales de enfermería son aptos para el empleo de las MAC a nivel hospitalario, las MAC son ya utilizadas por los profesionales de enfermería dentro de la medicina convencional, las MAC no sostienen una MBE, no obstante, están respaldadas por numerosas investigaciones que avalan su eficacia.
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BACKGROUND: Lumbar disc herniation has a prevalence of up to 58% in the athletic population. Lumbar discectomy is a common surgical procedure to alleviate pain and disability in athletes. We systematically reviewed the current clinical evidence regarding athlete return to sport (RTS) following lumbar discectomy compared to conservative treatment. METHODS: A computer-assisted literature search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, PEDro, OVID and PubMed databases (from inception to August 2015) was utilised using keywords related to lumbar disc herniation and surgery. The design of this systematic review was developed using the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Methodological quality of individual studies was assessed using the Downs and Black scale (0-16 points). RESULTS: The search strategy revealed 14 articles. Downs and Black quality scores were generally low with no articles in this review earning a high-quality rating, only 5 articles earning a moderate quality rating and 9 of the 14 articles earning a low-quality rating. The pooled RTS for surgical intervention of all included studies was 81% (95% CI 76% to 86%) with significant heterogeneity (I(2)=63.4%, p<0.001) although pooled estimates report only 59% RTS at same level. Pooled analysis showed no difference in RTS rate between surgical (84% (95% CI 77% to 90%)) and conservative intervention (76% (95% CI 56% to 92%); p=0.33). CONCLUSIONS: Studies comparing surgical versus conservative treatment found no significant difference between groups regarding RTS. Not all athletes that RTS return at the level of participation they performed at prior to surgery. Owing to the heterogeneity and low methodological quality of included studies, rates of RTS cannot be accurately determined.
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The anaerobic skin commensal Propionibacterium acnes is an underestimated cause of human infections and clinical conditions. Previous studies have suggested a role for the bacterium in lumbar disc herniation and infection. To further investigate this, five biopsy samples were surgically excised from each of 64 patients with lumbar disc herniation. P. acnes and other bacteria were detected by anaerobic culture, followed by biochemical and PCR-based identification. In total, 24/64 (38%) patients had evidence of P. acnes in their excised herniated disc tissue. Using recA and mAb typing methods, 52% of the isolates were type II (50% of culture-positive patients), while type IA strains accounted for 28% of isolates (42% patients). Type III (11% isolates; 21% patients) and type IB strains (9% isolates; 17% patients) were detected less frequently. The MIC values for all isolates were lowest for amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, rifampicin, tetracycline, and vancomycin (≤1 mg/L). The MIC for fusidic acid was 1-2 mg/L. The MIC for trimethoprim and gentamicin was 2 to ≥4 mg/L. The demonstration that type II and III strains, which are not frequently recovered from skin, predominated within our isolate collection (63%) suggests that the role of P. acnes in lumbar disc herniation should not be readily dismissed.
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Objectives: A detailed investigation of the gross and microscopic anatomy of ligamentum flavum. Methods: Material included 14 lumbar vertebral columns obtained from the Anatomy Department, King Faisal University, Dammam during the period between January 2005 and January 2006. Height, width, and thickness of ligamenta flava were measured. A microscopic study was also performed. Computed tomography scan was carried out on the lumbar vertebrae of 30 patients for measuring the ligamentum flavum. Results: The anatomical results showed that the right and left ligamenta flava join in the midline forming an acute angle with a ventral opening. The ligamentum flavum is rectangular and has 4 borders and 2 surfaces. It is attached inferiorly to the superior edge and the postero-superior surface of the lamina below. It is attached superiorly to the inferior edge and the antero-inferior surface of the lamina above. Its height ranges from 14-22 mm. The width of its lower part ranges from 11-23 mm, and the thickness ranges from 3.5-6 mm. The histological results revealed that it is comprised chiefly of elastic fibres and some collagen fibres. Conclusion: The information reported in this study is of clinical value in the practice of lumbar epidural anesthesia or analgesia. Epidural puncture will be best performed through the lower and medial portion of the ligamentum flavum slightly lateral to the midline.
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The trabecular bone score (TBS, Med-Imaps, Pessac, France) is an index of bone microarchitecture texture extracted from anteroposterior dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry images of the spine. Previous studies have documented the ability of TBS of the spine to differentiate between women with and without fractures among age- and areal bone mineral density (aBMD)-matched controls, as well as to predict future fractures. In this cross-sectional analysis of data collected from 3 geographically dispersed facilities in the United States, we investigated age-related changes in the microarchitecture of lumbar vertebrae as assessed by TBS in a cohort of non-Hispanic US white American women. All subjects were 30 yr of age and older and had an L1-L4aBMDZ-score within ±2 SD of the population mean. Individuals were excluded if they had fractures, were on any osteoporosis treatment, or had any illness that would be expected to impact bone metabolism. All data were extracted from Prodigy dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry devices (GE-Lunar, Madison, WI). Cross-calibrations between the 3 participating centers were performed for TBS and aBMD. aBMD and TBS were evaluated for spine L1-L4 but also for all other possible vertebral combinations. To validate the cohort, a comparison between the aBMD normative data of our cohort and US non-Hispanic white Lunar data provided by the manufacturer was performed. A database of 619 non-Hispanic US white women, ages 30-90 yr, was created. aBMD normative data obtained from this cohort were not statistically different from the non-Hispanic US white Lunar normative data provided by the manufacturer (p = 0.30). This outcome thereby indirectly validates our cohort. TBS values at L1-L4 were weakly inversely correlated with body mass index (r = -0.17) and weight (r = -0.16) and not correlated with height. TBS values for all lumbar vertebral combinations decreased significantly with age. There was a linear decrease of 16.0% (-2.47 T-score) in TBS at L1-L4 between 45 and 90 yr of age (vs. -2.34 for aBMD). Microarchitectural loss rate increased after age 65 by 50% (-0.004 to -0.006). Similar results were obtained for other combinations of lumbar vertebra. TBS, an index of bone microarchitectural texture, decreases with advancing age in non-Hispanic US white women. Little change in TBS is observed between ages 30 and 45. Thereafter, a progressive decrease is observed with advancing age. The changes we observed in these American women are similar to that previously reported for a French population of white women (r(2) > 0.99). This reference database will facilitate the use of TBS to assess bone microarchitectural deterioration in clinical practice.