Monte Carlo Bayesian system reliability and MTBF-confidence assessment : report for period March, 1974 - August, 1975 /

"Performing organization: Oklahoma State University, College of Business Administration , Stillwater."

The beta distribution in reliability and quality control /

Bibliography: leaves 41-43.

A cognitive genetic algorithm for power distribution system planning

Power systems are large scale nonlinear systems with high complexity. Various optimization techniques and expert systems have been used in power system planning. However, there are always some factors that cannot be quantified, modeled, or even expressed by expert systems. Moreover, such planning problems are often large scale optimization problems. Although computational algorithms that are capable of handling large dimensional problems can be used, the computational costs are still very high. To solve these problems, in this paper, investigation is made to explore the efficiency and effectiveness of combining mathematic algorithms with human intelligence. It had been discovered that humans can join the decision making progresses by cognitive feedback. Based on cognitive feedback and genetic algorithm, a new algorithm called cognitive genetic algorithm is presented. This algorithm can clarify and extract human's cognition. As an important application of this cognitive genetic algorithm, a practical decision method for power distribution system planning is proposed. By using this decision method, the optimal results that satisfy human expertise can be obtained and the limitations of human experts can be minimized in the mean time.

RSA-Grid: A grid computing based framework for power system reliability and security analysis

Grid computing is an emerging technology for providing the high performance computing capability and collaboration mechanism for solving the collaborated and complex problems while using the existing resources. In this paper, a grid computing based framework is proposed for the probabilistic based power system reliability and security analysis. The suggested name of this computing grid is Reliability and Security Grid (RSA-Grid). Then the architecture of this grid is presented. A prototype system has been built for further development of grid-based services for power systems reliability and security assessment based on probabilistic techniques, which require high performance computing and large amount of memory. Preliminary results based on prototype of this grid show that RSA-Grid can provide the comprehensive assessment results for real power systems efficiently and economically.

Voltage control on an uninhabited autonomous vehicle electrical distribution system

More-electric vehicle technology is becoming prevalent in a number of transportation systems because of its ability to improve efficiency and reduce costs. This paper examines the specific case of an Uninhabited Autonomous Vehicle (UAV), and the system topology and control elements required to achieve adequate dc distribution voltage bus regulation. Voltage control methods are investigated and a droop control scheme is implemented on the system. Simulation results are also presented.

A compact free space quantum key distribution system capable of daylight operation

A free space quantum key distribution system has been demonstrated. Consideration has been given to factors such as field of view and spectral width, to cut down the deleterious effect from background light levels. Suitable optical sources such as lasers and RCLEDs have been investigated as well as optimal wavelength choices, always with a view to building a compact and robust system. The implementation of background reduction measures resulted in a system capable of operating in daylight conditions. An autonomous system was left running and generating shared key material continuously for over 7 days. © 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V..

Local Storage Meets Local Demand: A Technical Solution to Future Power Distribution System

Future power systems are expected to integrate large-scale stochastic and intermittent generation and load due to reduced use of fossil fuel resources, including renewable energy sources (RES) and electric vehicles (EV). Inclusion of such resources poses challenges for the dynamic stability of synchronous transmission and distribution networks, not least in terms of generation where system inertia may not be wholly governed by large-scale generation but displaced by small-scale and localised generation. Energy storage systems (ESS) can limit the impact of dispersed and distributed generation by offering supporting reserve while accommodating large-scale EV connection; the latter (load) also participating in storage provision. In this paper, a local energy storage system (LESS) is proposed. The structure, requirement and optimal sizing of the LESS are discussed. Three operating modes are detailed, including: 1) storage pack management; 2) normal operation; and 3) contingency operation. The proposed LESS scheme is evaluated using simulation studies based on data obtained from the Northern Ireland regional and residential network.

Le reti di distribuzione idrica nella sicurezza antincendio - Verifiche con il codice INFOWORKS WS

Le reti di distribuzione idrica conservano un ruolo importante ed irrinunciabile nella sicurezza antincendio, ma diversi fattori sul piano normativo e strutturale limitano la loro potenzialità  nelle fasi di estinzione dell'incendio. Ma in che modo si è evoluta in Italia negli ultimi anni la lotta all'incendio? E' ormai noto che non esistono incendi standard, quelli per i quali è possibile definire procedure d'intervento e modalità  di estinzione; non è quindi banale identificare le portate antincendio necessarie (Needed Fire Flow) e il tempo per il quale esse devono essere garantite. In certi contesti è possibile ipotizzare un certo standard d'incendio ma ciò presuppone che edifici, strutture e tutto ciò che è sottoposto ad incendio, possano essere considerati fabbricati a "regola d'arte", ovvero realizzati attraverso procedure esecutive aventi standard di qualità  certificata. Ciò è stato affrontato nei criteri di realizzazione delle nuove costruzioni, ma le vecchie costruzioni, soprattutto gli edifici presenti nei centri storici, sono evidentemente più vulnerabili e sfuggono alla possibilità  di identificare affidabili valori del NFF. Il quadro che si presenta coinvolge quindi carenze normative, contesti urbani con differente vulnerabilità  e una sostanziale disomogeneità  prestazionale delle reti di distribuzione idrica presenti nel territorio nazionale, legata non solo alla disponibilità  idrica ma, anche e soprattutto, alla conformazione della rete, ai livelli di pressione ed alla specifica capacità della rete nel sostenere incrementi di flusso dovuto al prelievo dagli idranti stradali. La scarsa conoscenza di questi aspetti, piuttosto che tradursi in miglioramenti della rete idrica e della sua efficienza ai fini antincendio, ha portato nel tempo ad adottare soluzioni alternative che agiscono principalmente sulle modalità operative di utilizzo dei mezzi dei VV.F. e sul fronte dei dispositivi antincendio privati, quali una migliore protezione passiva, legata all'uso di materiali la cui risposta all'incendio fosse la minore possibile, e protezioni attive alternative, quali impianti sprinkler, di tipo aerosol o misti. Rimangono tutte le problematiche legate alla caratterizzazione nell'area urbanizzata in termini di risposta al prelievo per incendio dagli idranti pubblici sui quali la normativa vigente non impone regole circa le prestazioni e la loro dislocazione sul territorio. Questa incertezza spesso si traduce in un maggiore dispiego di mezzi rispetto all'entità dell'incendio ed ad una scarsa possibilità  di ottimizzare l'allocazione delle unità  operative dei VV.F., con un evidente incremento del rischio nel caso in cui si verifichino più eventi di incendio contemporaneamente. La simulazione numerica avanzata, su modelli opportunamente calibrati delle reti di distribuzione, può consentire una maggiore comprensione quantitativa del livello di sicurezza antincendio offerto da una rete di distribuzione idrica.

Reliability driven reconfiguration of rural power distribution systems

This paper presents a reliability-based reconfiguration methodology for power distribution systems. Probabilistic reliability models of the system components are considered and Monte Carlo method is used while evaluating the reliability of the distribution system. The reconfiguration is aimed at maximizing the reliability of the power supplied to the customers. A binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO) algorithm is used as a tool to determine the optimal configuration of the sectionalizing and tie switches in the system. The proposed methodology is applied on a modified IEEE 13-bus distribution system.

Optimal distribution network reinforcement considering load growth, line loss, and reliability

In this paper, a new comprehensive planning methodology is proposed for implementing distribution network reinforcement. The load growth, voltage profile, distribution line loss, and reliability are considered in this procedure. A time-segmentation technique is employed to reduce the computational load. Options considered range from supporting the load growth using the traditional approach of upgrading the conventional equipment in the distribution network, through to the use of dispatchable distributed generators (DDG). The objective function is composed of the construction cost, loss cost and reliability cost. As constraints, the bus voltages and the feeder currents should be maintained within the standard level. The DDG output power should not be less than a ratio of its rated power because of efficiency. A hybrid optimization method, called modified discrete particle swarm optimization, is employed to solve this nonlinear and discrete optimization problem. A comparison is performed between the optimized solution based on planning of capacitors along with tap-changing transformer and line upgrading and when DDGs are included in the optimization.

Expert system aid for design of overload line distribution networks

The use of expert system techniques in power distribution system design is examined. The selection and siting of equipment on overhead line networks is chosen for investigation as the use of equipment such as auto-reclosers, etc., represents a substantial investment and has a significant effect on the reliability of the system. Through past experience with both equipment and network operations, most decisions in selection and siting of this equipment are made intuitively, following certain general guidelines or rules of thumb. This heuristic nature of the problem lends itself to solution using an expert system approach. A prototype has been developed and is currently under evaluation in the industry. Results so far have demonstrated both the feasibility and benefits of the expert system as a design aid.