875 resultados para Distribuição espacial da população


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O presente estudo investigou a relação de comunidades de anuros de serapilheira e lagartos com a área basal de árvores, densidade do sub-bosque, cobertura do dossel e profundidade da serapilheira, a fim de verificar se a distribuição dessa comunidade, assim como de algumas espécies analisadas separadamente, seria determinada por estes fatores ambientais. A amostragem ocorreu entre agosto e novembro de 2007, em uma grade de 25 km² implantada pelo Programa de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade (PPBio) / Amazônia, localizada na Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã, Pará, Brasil. Duas técnicas de amostragem foram utilizadas: procura ativa diurna e armadilhas de interceptação e queda. No total, foram registrados 892 lagartos e anuros, pertencentes a 27 espécies (15 de anuros e 12 de lagartos). Na coleta ativa foram registradas 12 espécies de anuros (101 indivíduos) e 12 de lagartos (171 indivíduos), enquanto que nas armadilhas de interceptação e queda foram 11 espécies de anuros (327 indivíduos) e 15 de lagartos (293 indivíduos). Não houve relação significativa entre a distribuição das comunidades de anuros e lagartos com as variáveis preditoras, indicando que essas espécies ocorrem ao longo de todos os gradientes ambientais estudados. Apenas os lagartos Coleodactylus amazonicus e Ptychoglossus brevifrontalis apresentaram uma relação entre a sua distribuição e a densidade do sub-bosque e profundidade da serapilheira, respectivamente. Espera-se com este estudo contribuir para o aprimoramento do desenho amostral da herpetofauna do PPBio.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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A expansão da obesidade em diversos países do mundo na última década tem resultado no aumento da morbidade e mortalidade por hipertensão arterial e suas complicações. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a distribuição espacial da obesidade e hipertensão arterial no estado de São Paulo no período de 2000 a 2010, a partir de registros hospitalares e internação do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde (SIH - SUS). Foram utilizados coeficientes de prevalência das doenças em cada município suavizadas pelo método bayesiano empírico, permitindo uma visualização do padrão espacial dessas morbidades no Estado. Foi explorada a dependência espacial destes padrões verificando a autocorrelação entre os indicadores por meio do cálculo do Índice de Autocorrelação Espacial de Moran. Além disso, estudou-se a correlação positiva (Pearson) entre obesidade e hipertensão. Os dados e os mapas mostraram clusters de 87 municípios onde há maior e menor prevalência de hipertensão e obesidade no espaço com forte autocorrelação entre os municípios vizinhos. O coeficiente correlação de Pearson encontrado para esses municípios foi de 0,404 e sugere associação entre as morbidades. As técnicas de análise espacial mostraram-se úteis para o planejamento de ações de saúde pública.

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The knowledge on spatial distribution of soil properties by means of geostatistics is important as an indicator for a better soil use and management. This study aimed at evaluating the spatial distribution of soil chemical properties, in a forest and pasture area in Manicoré, Amazonas State, Brazil. Grids with 70.00 m x 70.00 m, with regular spacing of 10.00 m x 10.00 m, totaling 64 points, were established, and then soil samples were collected at the depths of 0.0-0.20 m and 0.40-0.60 m and had their chemical properties determined. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and geostatistics, and the sampling density analysis was based on the coefficient of variation and semivariograms range. The mean and median values were adjusted to the closest values, indicating normal distribution, while the spherical, exponential and gaussian models were adjusted to the soil chemical properties. It was concluded that the geostatistics provided adequate information for understanding the spatial distribution. The forest area showed a higher spatial continuity and the pasture area a lower sampling density. The chemical properties showed differences in the spatial variability, while the range represented better the estimates for sampling density and spacing, in the forest and pasture area.

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Phosphorus is one of the limiting nutrients for sugarcane development in Brazilian soils. The spatial variability of this nutrient is great, defined by the properties that control its adsorption and desorption reactions. Spatial estimates to characterize this variability are based on geostatistical interpolation. However, inherent uncertainties in the procedure of these estimates are related to the variability structure of the property under study and the sample configuration of the area. Thus, the assessment of the uncertainty of estimates associated with the spatial distribution of available P (Plabile) is decisive to optimize the use of phosphate fertilizers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of sequential Gaussian simulation (sGs) and ordinary kriging (OK) in the modeling of uncertainty in available P estimates. A sampling grid with 626 points was established in a 200-ha experimental sugarcane field in Tabapuã, São Paulo State. The sGs algorithm generated 200 realizations. The sGs realizations reproduced the statistics and the distribution of the sample data. The G statistic (0.81) indicated good agreement between the values of simulated and observed fractions. The sGs realizations preserved the spatial variability of Plabile without the smoothing effect of the OK map. The accuracy in the reproduction of the variogram of the sample data obtained by the sGs realizations was on average 240 times higher than that obtained by OK. The uncertainty map, obtained by OK, showed less variation in the study area than that obtained by sGs. Thus, the evaluation of uncertainties by sGs was more informative and can be used to define and delimit specific management areas more precisely.

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In Brazil, the proliferation phenomenon of gated communities and land lots had its origins in big cities, such as Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo, since 1970. The implementation of these types of intramural housing are done in expanding are as of the city, based on the availability of bigger lots, lower land prices, and the search for are as closer to nature. The gated communities and land lots that, initially, had their architecture only accessible to the higher social classes, as a second home alternative away from urban problems, nowadays they can be reached by other social classes as well. Gated communities and land lots find their way to the center of larger cities, sustained mostly by the speech of real state entrepreneurs, and by its social “status”, a new emerging characteristic of this time period. The expansion of gated communities and land lots also change the cities lands cape and social spatial configuration. This work, therefore, attends the localization of gated communities and land lots spread out in the city of Rio Claro. It analyzes the scale in which the dynamics of the city’s urban expansion influenced the current distribution of these types of housing

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The Conservation in countrysides landscapes only it will be understood in the context of the habitat fragmentation that have been affected the species richness, abundance and distribution. We carried out a mammal survey in platation forest at São Paulo State and 8 we discussed the species richness comparing with others sites surveyed elsewhere. We investigate the landscape influence in the mammal species distribution through spatial analysis. The absence of primate species in plantation forests appear to be a pattern for this environments. The species richness was similar among areas and it was higher when there have contiguous native forest remnants. Moreover the landscape interference don’t appeared affect the mammal species distribution. In overview the landscape connectivity is ameliorate with forest plantation. However, those species more susceptible to extinction in fragmented landscape only can persist when there are contiguous forest fragments from the plantation forests. The management of plantation forests can improves the conservation value for medium and large size mammals species at countryside landscapes.