Trans fatty acids insulin resistance and diabetes

The possible relationship between consumption of trans fatty acids (TFAs) and risk of insulin resistance or development of diabetes mellitus type II has been considered by a number of human and animal studies over the past decade. This review evaluates the evidence, and concludes that there is limited evidence for a weak association at high TFA intakes, but very little convincing evidence that habitual exposure as part of a standard western diet has a significant contribution to risk of diabetes or insulin resistance. The possibility of increased risk for individuals with particular genotypes (such as the FABP2 Thr54 allele) is of interest, but further work would be required to provide sufficient evidence of any association.

The genetics of diabetes mellitus

Genes play an important role in the development of diabetes mellitus. Putative susceptibility genes could be the key to the development of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic diseases of childhood. A combination of genetic and environmental factors is most likely the cause of Type 1 diabetes. The pathogenetic sequence leading to the selective autoimmune destruction of islet beta-cells and development of Type 1 diabetes involves genetic factors, environmental factors, immune regulation and chemical mediators. Unlike Type 1 diabetes mellitus, Type 2 diabetes is often considered a polygenic disorder with multiple genes located on different chromosomes being associated with this condition. This is further complicated by numerous environmental factors which also contribute to the clinical manifestation of the disorder in genetically predisposed persons. Only a minority of cases of type 2 diabetes are caused by single gene defects such as maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY), syndrome of insulin resistance (insulin receptor defect) and maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (mitochondrial gene defect). Although Type 2 diabetes mellitus appears in almost epidemic proportions our knowledge of the mechanism of this disease is limited. More information about insulin secretion and action and the genetic variability of the various factors involved will contribute to better understanding and classification of this group of diseases. This article discusses the results of various genetic studies on diabetes with special reference to Indian population.

Barns upplevelser av att leva med diabetes mellitus typ 1 : samt sjuksköterskans betydelse i deras omvårdnad

Syftet med denna studie har varit att beskriva hur barn med diagnosen diabetes mellitus typ 1 upplever sin sjukdom samt vilken betydelse sjuksköterskan kunde ha i omvårdnaden av dessa barn. Studien har utförts som en systematisk litteraturstudie och tillvägagångssättet har varit att systematiskt söka, kritiskt granska och sammanställa resultat inom det valda ämnesområdet från olika studier. Sökningen har skett i databaserna Elin@Dalarna, Cinahl och Blackwell Synergy. Sökorden som har använts var: diabetes mellitus type 1, diabetes mellitus, children, adolescents, experiences, perspective, nurs* och care i olika kombinationer. Sammanställningen från resultatet visade att barn med diagnosen diabetes mellitus typ 1 upplever sin sjukdom olika utifrån sina egna förutsättningar, kön eller ålder. Det framkom även att sjuksköterskan hade en viktig roll när det gällde att fånga upp barnens upplevelser kring den förändrade livssituationen som uppstått och utifrån detta kartlägga barnens resurser att hantera denna situation. Att då kunna bemöta barnen och deras familjer utifrån egna förutsättningar och att motivera dessa till att sköta den livslånga behandlingen, kan vara avgörande för att få en bra kontroll över diabetes och på så sätt en ökad livskvalité och ett gott välbefinnande.

Associação entre hipoestesia corneana, olho seco e outros fatores em portadores de diabetes melito tipo 2

Portadores de diabetes parecem ter mais queixas de olho seco do que o resto da população. Acredita-se que isto possa estar associado a uma forma de neuropatia diabética expressa por uma redução na sensibilidade corneana desses pacientes. Nossos principais objetivos neste estudo foram avaliar a influência da diabetes melito tipo 2 na sensibilidade corneana central e verificar se há uma associação entre a sensibilidade corneana central e a síndrome do olho seco em indivíduos com a doença. Assim, 62 portadores de diabetes tipo 2 foram submetidos a um exame oftalmológico de rotina, a uma ceratoestesiometria e a testes específicos para avaliar olho seco e polineuropatia distal simétrica. Num outro grupo, 20 voluntários saudáveis tiveram seus olhos avaliados da mesma forma, exceto pela não realização dos testes específicos para disfunção lacrimal. Entre os indivíduos diabéticos avaliados, foram observados 53.2% com hipoestesia corneana, 54.2% com retinopatia diabética, 45.9% com polineuropatia distal simétrica e 51.6% com a síndrome do olho seco. Entre os principais achados, observamos associações significativas envolvendo: diabetes tipo 2 e hipoestesia corneana central, síndrome do olho seco e hipoestesia corneana central, produção lacrimal reflexa (avaliada pelo teste de Schirmer II) e sensibilidade corneana central e retinopatia diabética proliferativa e sensibilidade corneana central. Uma possível associação foi encontrada envolvendo síndrome do olho seco retinopatia diabética proliferativa. Os autores discutem os resultados obtidos e os mecanismos envolvidos.

A experiência de adolescentes portadores de diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1: seus significados e sentido

Worldwide, the diabetes mellitus is considered a serious problem of public health; it also involves high costs for its treatment and its complications. Even though the onset of diabetes mellitus type 1 is on 5% to 10% of the diabetic population, it is the most aggressive type of anifestation; furthermore, it is the commonest chronic disease in childhood and adolescence. Such data show the importance of understanding the development of this disease from the moment the individual perceives it, according to their experience, observing the complexity of the phenomenon thoroughly. This study aimed to comprehend the experience of the adolescent with onset of diabetes mellitus type 1 in order to learn how these young individuals perceive and reason their place in the world when they experience this illness. The methodological strategy was based on qualitative research of phenomenological inspiration. We applied the main ideas of heideggerian ontology and some concepts of existential phenomenological psychology to guide our reflexive path. The participants were 10 young individuals (06 female and 04 male), ages between 15 and 18, under treatment in the city of Recife, Pernambuco. The methodological resource was the narrative, which allowed us access to the adolescents experience. The comprehension of the reports was based on the heideggerian hermeneutics, whose priority is the interpretation of the meaning expressed by the participants speech. The results showed that factors such as social, family, economic and cultural context greatly influence the perception and the way the individuals deal with, perceive and reason their experience. We noticed that the diabetes type 1 may often represent a limitation, but it does not make it impossible to be part of the world with others. The data show a significant affective ambivalence regarding the content more directly related to the disease. This demonstrates the unique way which each one gives meaning and reasons their condition of existence. This research points out the need to understand the complexity of this phenomenon in a more complete manner, considering the adolescent in their timely and historical context. We believe we can encourage thinking that may become actions which are more fit to the reality researched regarding all the parties involved with the subject, such as health professionals, adolescents, family, support programs and public health policies

Influencia de la enfermedad periodontal en el control metabólico de pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2: revisión de la literatura

There may be an interaction between periodontal disease and sonic systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus The objective of this review was to verify by means of a review of clinical trials if is a positive association between periodontal disease and the glycerine control of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM 2) patients Eleven articles that fit the study criteria were revised It was concluded that periodontal disease may influence the metabolic control of 2 Additional studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow up are necessary for a better clarification of this issue (Rev Med Chile 2010 138 1172 1178)

A importância do teste de tolerância à glicose oral no diagnóstico da intolerância à glicose e diabetes mellitus do tipo 2 em mulheres com síndrome dos ovários policísticos

PURPOSE: To evaluate the importance of the oral glucose tolerance test for the diagnosis of glucose intolerance (GI) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM-2) in women with PCOS. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on 247 patients with PCOS selected at random. The diagnosis of GI was obtained from the two-hour oral glucose tolerance test with 75 g of glucose according to the criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO) (GI: 120 minutes for plasma glucose =140 mg/dL and <200 mg/dL), and the diagnosis of DM-2 was obtained by both the oral glucose tolerance test (DM: 120 minutes for plasma glucose =200 mg/dL) and fasting glucose using the criteria of the American Diabetes Association (impaired fasting glucose: fasting plasma glucose =100 and <126 mg/dL; DM: fasting glucose =126 mg/dL). A logistic regression model for repeated measures was applied to compare the oral glucose tolerance test with fasting plasma glucose. ANOVA followed by the Tukey test was used for the analysis of the clinical and biochemical characteristics of patients with and without GI and/or DM-2. A p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: PCOS patients had a mean age of 24.8±6.3, and body mass index (BMI) of 18.3 to 54.9 kg/m2 (32.5±7.6). The percentage of obese patients was 64%, the percentage of overweight patients was 18.6% and 17.4% had healthy weight. The oral glucose tolerance test identified 14 cases of DM-2 (5.7%), while fasting glucose detected only three cases (1.2%), and the frequency of these disorders was higher with increasing age and BMI. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study demonstrate the superiority of the oral glucose tolerance test in relation to fasting glucose in diagnosing DM-2 in young women with PCOS and should be performed in these patients.

Diabetes mellitus: razão de prevalências e fatores e risco modificáveis nas regiões geográficas do Brasil

Pós-graduação em Alimentos e Nutrição - FCFAR

Perfil epidemiológico do paciente portador de Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 cadastrado na Associação de Diabetes Juvenil da Região Noroeste Paulista e avaliação do conhecimento sobre a relação entre a doença e a saúde bucal

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Desenvolvimento e avaliação de um protocolo de atenção farmacêutica intensiva com metodologia educacional de empoderamento para adultos com Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 - estudo translacional fase 1

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação da qualidade de vida de pacientes com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1: dados do primeiro estudo multicêntrico no Brasil

O Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) é a endocrinopatia mais comum da infância e adolescência e impacta negativamente na qualidade de vida (QV). O EuroQol é um instrumento que afere o estado de saúde e vem sendo utilizado na grande maioria dos estudos multicêntricos mundiais em diabetes e tem se mostrado uma ferramenta extremamente útil e confiável. O objetivo desse estudo é avaliar a QV de pacientes com DM1 do Brasil, país de proporções continentais, por meio da análise do EuroQol. Para isso, realizou-se estudo retrospectivo e transversal, no qual foram analisados questionários de pacientes com DM1, respondidos no período de dezembro de 2008 a dezembro de 2010, em 28 centros de pesquisa de 20 cidades das quatro regiões do país (sudeste, norte/nordeste, sul e centro-oeste). Foram também coletados dados sobre complicações crônicas micro e macrovasculares e perfil lipídico. A avaliação da qualidade de vida pelo EuroQol mostra que a nota média atribuída ao estado geral de saúde é nitidamente menor que a encontrada em dois outros estudos populacionais com DM1 realizados na Europa (EQ-VAS da Alemanha, Holanda e Brasil foram de 82,1 ± 14; 81 ± 15 e 72 ± 22, respectivamente). O EuroQol demonstra que a região Norte-Nordeste apresenta melhor índice na avaliação do estado geral de saúde quando comparada a região Sudeste e menor frequência de ansiedade-depressão autorreferidas, quando comparada às demais regiões do país (Norte-Nordeste = 1,53 ± 0,6, Sudeste = 1,65 ± 0,7, Sul = 1,72 ± 0,7 e Centro-Oeste = 1,67 ± 0,7; p <0,05). Adicionalmente, diversas variáveis conhecidas (idade, duração do DM, prática de atividade física, HbA1c, glicemia de jejum e presença de complicações crônicas se correlacionaram com a QV (r = -0,1, p <0,05; r = -0,1, p <0,05; r = -0,1, p <0,05; r = -0,2, p <0,05; r = -0,1, p <0,05 e r= -0,1, p <0,05, respectivamente). Esse é o primeiro estudo a avaliar a qualidade de vida de pacientes com DM1 a nível populacional no hemisfério sul. Nossos dados indicam uma pior qualidade de vida dos pacientes com DM 1 no Brasil quando comparado a dados de países europeus. Apesar de ter sido encontrado uma inferior duração do DM e menor presença de complicações microvasculares na região Norte/ Nordeste, quando comparada à outras regiões, nossos dados sugerem a existência de elementos adicionais responsáveis pela melhor QV e menor presença de ansiedade/depressão encontradas nesta região. Novos estudos são necessários para identificar esses possíveis fatores.

Necessidades especiais de escolares com diabetes mellitus tipo 1 identificadas por familiares

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Parâmetros Neuropáticos no Diabetes Mellitus

Pós-graduação em Fisioterapia - FCT

Assessment of structural cardiac abnormalities and diastolic function in women with gestational diabetes mellitus

Background: The main manifestation of hyperglycaemia during pregnancy is gestational diabetes mellitus. It can herald diabetes mellitus type 2 and its deleterious long-term effects, such as hypertension and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to assess diastolic function in women with gestational diabetes mellitus, one of the first signs of future cardiovascular disease.Methods: A total of 21 women with gestational diabetes mellitus and 23 healthy pregnant women (control group) between 34 and 37weeks of gestation underwent echocardiographic assessment. The diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus was made in agreement with the American Diabetes Association criteria. Echocardiographic images obtained were analysed according to the criteria of the American Society of Echocardiography. Data were analysed using Pearson correlation coefficient, analysis of variance and Student's t-test.Results: Women with gestational diabetes mellitus had higher posterior wall and interventricular septum thickness, increased left ventricular mass and left ventricular mass index, lower early diastolic annular velocity and early diastolic annular velocity/late diastolic annular velocity ratio. There was a positive correlation between left ventricular mass index and fasting glucose and pregnancy body mass index.Conclusion: Patients with gestational diabetes mellitus seem to have a different diastolic profile as well as a mildly dysfunctional pattern on echocardiogram, which may show a need for greater glycaemic control.

Periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus

Periodontal disease (PD) is one of the most commonly known human chronic disorders. The relationship between PD and several systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus (DM) has been increasingly recognized over the past decades. Objective The purpose of this review is to provide the reader with knowledge concerning the relationship between PD and DM. Many articles have been published in the English and Portuguese literature over the last 50 years examining the relationship between these two chronic diseases. Data interpretation is often confounded by varying definitions of DM, PD and different clinical criteria were applied to determine the prevalence, extent and severity of PD, levels of glycemic control and diabetes-related complications. Methods This paper provides a broad overview of the predominant findings from research conducted using the BBO (Bibliografia Brasileira de Odontologia), MEDLINE, LILACS and PubMed for Controlled Trials databases, in English and Portuguese languages published from 1960 to October 2012. Primary research reports on investigations of relationships between DM/DM control, PD/periodontal treatment and PD/DM/diabetes-related complications identified relevant papers and meta-analyses published in this period. Results 7This paper describes the relationship between PD and DM and answers the following questions: 1- The effect of DM on PD, 2- The effects of glycemic control on PD and 3- The effects of PD on glycemic control and on diabetes-related complications. Conclusions The scientific evidence reviewed supports diabetes having an adverse effect on periodontal health and PD having an adverse effect on glycemic control and on diabetes-related complications. Further research is needed to clarify these relationships and larger, prospective, controlled trials with ethnically diverse populations are warranted to establish that treating PD can positively influence glycemic control and possibly reduce the burden of diabetes-related complications.