Legal dimensions of the Chinese experience in Los Angeles, 1860-1880

On October 24, 1871, a massacre of eighteen Chinese in Los Angeles brought the small southern California settlement into the national spotlight. Within a few days, news of this “night of horrors” was reported in newspapers across the country. This massacre has been cited in Asian American narratives as the first documented outbreak of ethnic violence against a Chinese community in the United States. This is ironic because Los Angeles’ small population has generally placed it on the periphery in historical studies of the California anti-Chinese movement. Because the massacre predated Los Angeles’ organized Chinese exclusion movements of the late 1870s, it has often been erroneously dismissed as an aberration in the history of the city.

The violence of 1871 was an outburst highlighting existing community tensions that would become part of public debate by decade’s close. The purpose of this study is to insert the massacre into a broader context of anti-Chinese sentiments, legal discrimination, and dehumanization in nineteenth century Los Angeles. While a second incident of widespread anti-Chinese violence never occurred, brutal attacks directed at Chinese small businessmen and others highlighted continued community conflict. Similarly, economic rivalries and concerns over Chinese prostitution that underlay the 1871 massacre were manifest in later campaigns of economic discrimination and vice suppression that sought to minimize Chinese influence within municipal limits. An analysis of the massacre in terms of anti-Chinese legal, social and economic strategies in nineteenth-century Los Angeles will elucidate these important continuities.

Entre o trono e o altar: sujeitos, instituições e saberes escolares na capital do império brasileiro (1860 a 1880)

A proposta deste estudo implicou explorar a hipótese de que eram múltiplas as forças que compunham o cenário de constituição das tradições escolares no século XIX e que a Igreja Católica figurava como uma delas. Nesta pesquisa buscou-se investigar sua presença no processo de escolarização Oitocentista, bem como as relações estabelecidas com o Estado Imperial. Reconhecendo a presença da instituição católica neste cenário, a proposta tencionou evidenciar aspectos das relações que a mesma procurou estabelecer com o poder público nos termos da gestão política e cultural. Entender a complexidade e historicidade desta força, a Igreja Católica, tornou-se primordial para refletir acerca de sua inscrição nos assuntos da educação, a partir de experiências relacionadas às escolas públicas e privadas no Oitocentos. Pretendeu igualmente, esquadrinhar experiências diversificadas de alguns sujeitos em relação ao projeto de instruir sob o signo católico, inquirir aspetos gerais do funcionamento de instituições criadas, mantidas, amparadas, autorizadas a fazer funcionar a engrenagem do ensino em nome do Estado Imperial e da Igreja Católica. Da mesma forma, tencionou interrogar a composição dos saberes nos planos de estudos dos estabelecimentos de ensino público e privado, observando nos termos da lei, a presença da doutrina cristã. Este conjunto de interesses será trabalhado a partir da proposição de quatro capítulos. Para tanto, trabalhou-se com uma massa documental composta por leis, reformas, ofícios, relatórios, artigos de jornais, propagandas, bulas papais, datados entre as décadas de 1860 e 1880

Liberté, égalité, ruralité: a influência francesa no discurso agrário dos políticos do Segundo Reinado (1860-1889)

Ao lado de uma forte influência cultural francesa verificada no Brasil Império, ao longo do século XIX, diversas fontes parecem indicar também uma forte presença francesa no domínio agrário, isto é, em projetos, ideias e até medidas concretas, relacionadas ao setor fundiário brasileiro, então marcado por um forte predomínio da grande propriedade rural e escravista, no quadro de uma agricultura voltada principalmente para a exportação. Nossa pesquisa, apoiando-se em documentos diversos (livros, diários, periódicos e relatórios ministeriais), procura apreender a presença de uma real influência francesa no discurso agrário formulado por políticos no Brasil da segunda metade do século XIX, em pleno contexto de gradual abolição da escravidão. Focalizamos desde personalidades famosas do liberalismo brasileiro, como André Rebouças, Tavares Bastos e Joaquim Nabuco, até membros da esfera administrativa imperial, especificamente do Ministério da Agricultura. O estudo aborda as referências intelectuais francesas dos personagens estudados, e examina alguns textos citados pelos brasileiros, no período compreendido entre 1860 e 1889. Com base em ampla consulta bibliográfica, junto à historiografia brasileira e à historiografia francesa, abordamos o contexto agrário dos dois países, desde fins do século XVIII até o final do século XIX e examinamos o impacto de medidas instituídas na França como o imposto territorial e da ação e pensamentos de homens como Mathieu de Dombasle, Michel Chevalier e Léonce Lavergne. Buscamos, assim, compreender em que medida a França teria contribuído para a disseminação de um discurso voltado para a modernização da agricultura brasileira, no contexto de transição do trabalho escravo para o trabalho livre no Brasil imperial, e para a formação de um ideário favorável ao estímulo à pequena propriedade fundiária.

No seio da bela Sebastianópolis: uma cartografia do Rio de Janeiro nas crônicas de Macedo e Alencar nas décadas de 1850 e 1860

O presente trabalho pretende analisar as representações da cidade do Rio de Janeiro nas crônicas de José de Alencar e Joaquim Manuel de Macedo, publicadas, respectivamente, sob os títulos Ao Correr da Pena (1855-1856) e Labirinto (1860), tendo como objetivo mapear a cidade capital do império e as transformações pelas quais passou entre as décadas de 1850 e 1860. Tal proposta foi desenvolvida à luz do método cartográfico apresentado por Franco Moretti, em suas obras Atlas do Romance Europeu 1800-1900 e A Literatura Vista de Longe, nas quais o autor trata a criação de mapas como um instrumento intelectual que abriria caminho para novos questionamentos e novas conclusões no campo do imaginário. Ademais, ao utilizar obras literárias como fontes primárias para a análise da cidade do Rio de Janeiro do século XIX e suas especificidades no cenário brasileiro imperial, o presente trabalho dialoga com uma história cultural do urbano.

近亲尖额溞Alona affinis(Leydig,1860)的若干生物学特征

本文测量计数了采自贵州省江口县凯土河边的154个近亲尖额溞的体长和怀卵量,并探讨了这个种群的一些生物学性状。根据形态特征,确定本种为指名模式亚种。

Dust weather records in Beijing during 1860-1898 AD based on the Diary of Tonghe Weng

IEECAS SKLLQG

Biologia da lagarta-do-paricá Syssphinx molina (Cramer, 1780) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) em dietas artificiais e naturais in vitro.

2015

The Irish House of Lords, 1780-1800: politics and ideology

This thesis covers the Irish House of Lords in the last two decades of its life. A number of important themes run through the work - the regency crisis, patronage, the management of the Lords, the relationship between the Lords and Commons. These themes, explored from different angles, are vital to an understanding of the political role of the upper house in the 1780s and 1790s. This study is confined to the Lords as a political institution and thus its judicial role as final court of appeal, which was restored to it in 1782, will not be explored here. The thesis consists of two parts. Part one examines the structure and powers of the House of Lords while part two looks at the parties and policies of the house. Chapter one discusses the British constitution as imposed upon Ireland. Chapter two suggests the reasons why constitutional changes were introduced in 1782, and looks at the contribution made by the Irish House of Lords in securing these changes. Chapter three explores the various channels of influence which the peers enjoyed. Chapter four explores the sometimes tense relationship between Lords and Commons. Chapter five examines management of the House of Lords by Dublin Castle. Part two, begins at chapter six. This chapter explores the leadership of both parties within the Lords. Chapter seven looks at how patronage was used to reward those who were loyal to the government. Chapter eight explores the influence of the Whig opposition. Chapter nine looks at the controversial attempts made by Pitt and his ministry during the 1790s to win the support of catholics and turn them from the lure of French ideas, and of the response of the peers to these attempts. Chapter ten is concerned with the relationship between the peers of the House of Lords and the lords lieutenant during the 1790s. Chapter eleven looks at the Union and the House of Lords and attempts to answer the question historians have long asked: why did the Irish parliament and the House of Lords in particular, look favourably on the proposed union of the two kingdoms and the end of their own institution? The House of Lords in the closing decades of the eighteenth century was an institution within which the wealth and power of the kingdom could be found. Its members were politically active, both inside and outside the house. It contained a majority who saw the Crown as the source of stability, but it was a living and evolving political organism and therefore it contained men who believed that the Crown should have its influence limited. This evolution is also demonstrated in its desire for political change in 1782 and 1788. Its last, and perhaps most radical decision, was to vote for its own demise in 1900.

Home, family and society: women of the Irish landed class, 1860-1914. A Munster case study

The thesis analyses the roles and experiences of female members of the Irish landed class (wives, sisters and daughters of gentry and aristocratic landlords with estates over 1,000 acres) using primary personal material generated by twelve sample families over an important period of decline for the class, and growing rights for women. Notably, it analyses the experiences of relatively unknown married and unmarried women, something previously untried in Irish historiography. It demonstrates that women’s roles were more significant than has been assumed in the existing literature, and leads to a more rounded understanding of the entire class. Four chapters focus on themes which emerge from the sources used and which deal with their roles both inside and outside the home. These chapters argue that: Married and unmarried women were more closely bound to the priorities of their class than their sex, and prioritised male-centred values of family and estate. Male and female duties on the property overlapped, as marriage relationships were more equal than the legislation of the time would suggest. London was the cultural centre for this class. Due to close familial links with Britain (60% of sample daughters married English men) their self-perception was British or English, as well as Irish. With the self-confidence of their class, these women enjoyed cultural and political activities and movements outside the home (sport, travel, fashion, art, writing, philanthropy, (anti-)suffrage, and politics). Far from being pawns in arranged marriages, women were deeply conscious of their marriage decisions and chose socially, financially and personally compatible husbands; they also looked for sexual satisfaction. Childbirth sometimes caused lasting health problems, but pregnancy did not confine wealthy women to an invalid state. In opposition to the stereotypical distant aristocratic mother, these women breastfed their children, and were involved mothers. However, motherhood was not permitted to impinge on the more pressing role of wife

Control microbiano de la chinche del tallo del arroz, Tibraca limbativentris Stal. 1860 (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) con hongos entomopatógenos

El cultivo del arroz es una de las principales actividades productivas en el Nordeste Argentino, el cual se ve afectado por diferentes plagas que reducen su rendimiento y calidad. Entre ellas, la chinche del tallo, Tibraca limbativentris es una de las plagas principales. Para su control, el uso de agroquímicos es generalizado, por su conveniencia y eficiencia. Sin embargo, el mal uso de los productos fitosanitarios está ocasionando problemas al ambiente, lo que lleva a la búsqueda de nuevas tecnologías, reduciendo al mínimo los riesgos al ambiente y a la salud humana en particular. En el presente estudio se evalúa el uso de hongos entomopatógenos como una alternativa para reducir la población de T. limbativentris. Se realizaron muestreos en diversas zonas arroceras en búsqueda de cepas nativas de hongos entomopatógenos, lográndose aislar 11 cepas de adultos de esta chinche. A través de bioensayos se evaluaron 32 cepas de hongos entomopatógenos sobre adultos y dos de ellas causaron la muerte del 100 por ciento de los mismos. Se seleccionó la cepa Ma 72 de Metarhizium anisopliae y se evaluó la compatibilidad con diversos herbicidas usados frecuentemente en la producción de arroz. Se logró producir la cepa sobre diversos sustratos en fermentación en medio sólido (FMS4), destacándose el arroz blanco quebrado, sobre el cual se obtuvo 3,8 x 109 conidios/gr de sustrato. Se evaluaron diferentes tipos de formulaciones experimentales durante 100 días y la viabilidad se mantuvo sólo bajo condiciones de refrigeración (6 °C). Se evalúo la eficiencia de diversos formulados experimentales sobre adultos de T. limbativentris en condiciones de invernáculo, logrando un control satisfactorio (entre 56 y 77 por ciento de mortalidad) a los 30 días. Se concluyó que la cepa Ma 72 de M. anisopliae sería una herramienta promisora para su empleo en el control microbiano de la chinche del tallo T. limbativentris y podrían incluirse como parte de un programa de Manejo Integrado de plagas en arroz

Politics, Patriotism and Women in Ireland, Britain and Colonial America, c.1700-c.1780

The use of the consumer boycott as a political tool is commonly associated with pre-revolutionary colonial America and has been identified by historians as an important means through which American women were politicized. This article argues that from the late seventeenth century, Irish political discourse advocated the non-consumption of imported goods and support for home manufactures by women in ways that were strikingly similar to those used later in North America. In Ireland and, subsequently in the American colonies, the virtuous woman consumer was given an active public role by political and social commentators. Rather than being a “brilliantly original American invention,” as T. H. Breen has argued, the political exploitation of a consumer boycott and the promotion of local industry were among what Bernard Bailyn has described as the “set of ideas, already in scattered ways familiar” to the revolutionary leaders through the Irish experience. The article also argues that a shared colonial environment gave Irish and American women a public patriotic role in the period, c. 1700–1780 that they did not have in the home countries of England and Scotland.