Traumatic brain injury and co-occurring problems in prison populations: a systematic review.

Background: A growing body of epidemiological research suggests high rates of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in prisoners. The aim of this review is to systematically explore the literature surrounding the rates of TBI and their co-occurrences in a prison population.
Methods: Six electronic databases were systematically searched for articles published between 1980 and 2014. Studies were screened for inclusion based on predetermined criteria by two researchers who independently performed data extraction. Study quality was appraised based on a modified quality assessment tool.
Results: Twenty six studies were included in this review. Quality assessment ranged from 20% (poor) to 80% (good) with an overall average of 60%. Twenty four papers included TBI prevalence rates, which ranged from 5.69%-88%. Seventeen studies explored co-occurring factors including rates of aggression (n=7), substance abuse (n=9), anxiety and depression (n=5), neurocognitive deficits (n=4), and psychiatric conditions (n=3).
Conclusions: The high degree of variation in TBI rates may be attributed to the inconsistent way in which TBI was measured with only seven studies using valid and reliable screening tools. Additionally, gaps in the literature surrounding personality outcomes in prisoners with TBI, female prisoners with TBI, and qualitative outcomes were found.

Out on the Inside: The Rights, Experiences and Needs of LGBT People in Prison

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) people have long been a ‘hidden’ or overlooked population in prisons. In recent years, however, international research and policy has begun to focus on the experiences and needs of this group. This research has revealed a range of issues that affect LGBT individuals in prison. This includes heteronormativity, homophobia and transphobia both within and outside prison, the threat of physical and sexual violence within prison, institutional discrimination and neglect, health needs, and social isolation. Based on a review of international literature and primary research with representatives from the LGBT and criminal justice sectors, prisoners and former prisoners, this report represents the first study of the needs and experiences of LGBT prisoners within the Irish context.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in a prison population: a systematic review

Objective: To systematically explore the literature surrounding TBI in adult prison populations. Method: Twenty six studies spanning six countries were included. All studies were published in peer reviewed journals and sampled adults from general prison populations (aged 18+). Results: Only seven studies employed valid and reliable measures of TBI. The presence of TBI related problems such as aggression, depression, substance abuse, psychiatric disorders, and neurocognitive deficits were evident within prisoner samples.

A Race to the bottom – Prison Education and the English and Welsh Policy Context

This article examines prison education in England and Wales arguing that a disjuncture exists between the policy rhetoric of entitlement to education in prison at the European level and the playing out of that entitlement in English and Welsh prisons. Caught between conflicting discourses around a need to combat recidivism and a need for incarceration, prison education in England exists within a policy context informed, in part, by an international human rights agenda on the one hand and global recession, financial cutbacks, and a moral panic about crime on the other. The European Commission has highlighted a number of challenges facing prison education in Europe including over‐crowded institutions, increasing diversity in prison populations, the need to keep pace with pedagogical changes in mainstream education and the adoption of new technologies for learning (Hawley et al., 2013). These are challenges confronting all policy makers involved in prison education in England and Wales in a policy context that is messy, contradictory and fiercely contested. The article argues that this policy context, exacerbated by socio‐economic discourses around neo‐liberalism, is leading to a race‐to‐the‐bottom in the standards of educational provision for prisoners in England and Wales.

Rehabilitation and reintegration needs of female inmates and promotion mental health in Georgian prison

RESUMO: As mulheres presas encontram-se num sistema essencialmente dirigido por e concebido para homens. As mulheres que entram na prisão geralmente vêm de ambientes marginalizados e desfavorecidos e muitas vezes têm histórias de violência e abuso físico e sexual. As mulheres presas são um grupo particularmente vulnerável, uma vez que dentro do sistema prisional as suas necessidades de saúde e higiene são muitas vezes negligenciadas. O primeiro passo para o desenvolvimento de programas e práticas sensíveis ao género é compreender as características das mulheres delinquentes e definir fatores de vida específicos que contribuem para a formação do comportamento criminoso de mulheres. Em junho de 2012 foi realizada uma investigação na única prisão feminina da Geórgia, para estudar as necessidades mentais e psicossociais das mulheres presas. O objetivo da pesquisa foi o desenvolvimento de programas de apoio pertinentes para a reabilitação, ressocialização e reintegração, e a elaboração de recomendações práticas para a gestão das prisões. Foi desenvolvido um instrumento de pesquisa (inquérito) com uma fundamentação conceptual baseada em quatro principais teorias: Teoria dos Caminhos (Pathways Theory), teoria do desenvolvimento psicológico da mulher (Theory of Women’s Psychological Development), Trauma e Teorias da Dependência (Trauma and Addiction Theories). Foram inquiridas 120 mulheres presas. Os resultados deste estudo mostram que muitas das necessidades das mulheres presas são diferentes das dos homens e requerem estratégias adaptadas às suas características e situações psicossociais específicas. A maioria das mulheres encarceradas é jovem, enérgica, pode trabalhar, tem profissão e família. As presas sofrem de problemas psicológicos e muitas vezes são rejeitadas pelas suas famílias. Uma parte substancial das mulheres presas tem múltiplos problemas de saúde física e mental. A maioria delas tem filhos e sofre com o facto das crianças estarem a crescer longe da mãe. Com base nos resultados desta investigação é possível elaborar um contexto promotor do planeamento e desenvolvimento de serviços com um enfoque de género na prisão. Na perspetiva de longo prazo, o conhecimento das necessidades básicas e a introdução de programas e serviços com necessidades específicas pertinentes irá beneficiar as presas e as suas famílias, e melhorar a eficácia do sistema de justiça criminal.----------ABSTRACT: Female inmates find themselves in a system essentially run by men for men. Women who enter prison usually come from marginalized and disadvantaged backgrounds and are often characterized by histories of violence, physical and sexual abuse. Female prisoners constitute an especially vulnerable group given their specific health and hygienic needs within the system are often neglected. The first step in developing gender-sensitive program and practice is to understand female offenders’ characteristics and the specific life factors that shape women’s patterns of offending. In June 2012 a research was carried out in the Georgian only female prison facility to assess the mental and psychosocial needs of women prisoners, aiming to develop effective support programs for their rehabilitation, re-socialization and reintegration, as well as to elaborate new recommendations concerning prison management. A survey instrument (questionnaire) was developed within a theoretical framework based on four fundamental theories: Pathways Theory, Theory of Women’s Psychological Development and Trauma and Addiction Theories. Sample size was defined to be 120 surveyed persons. The study showed that needs of incarcerated women were different from those of men, thus requiring approaches tailored to their specific psychosocial characteristics and situations. The basic population of imprisoned women consisted of young, energetic, working-age females, most often with a professional qualification. Female prisoners suffered from psychological problems and are were more likely to be rejected by their families. Most of them had children and suffered that the children were growing without mothers. A substantial proportion of women offenders had multiple physical and mental health problems. Based on the study findings a conceptual framework can be elaborated towards planning and developing gender-sensitive services in prison. In the long-term perspective, acknowledgement of baseline needs and introduction of the relevant needs-specific programs and services may benefit women prisoners as well as their families, improving the effectiveness of the criminal justice system.

Dublin, scène à l'extérieur de la prison Mountjoy : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 58864

A Dublin, scène à l'extérieur de la prison Mountjoy : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 58867

Recueil de lettres et de pièces originales.

Contient : 1 Lettre de « CATERINE [DE MEDICIS]... à... monseigneur le duc de Montmorency,... A Soyssons, le XXVe jour de may 1561 » ; 2 Lettre de « MARIE [STUART]... à... monseigneur le connestable... A Edinbourg, le VIIIme jour d'octobre 1561 » ; 3 « Ce que doit dire monseigneur de Guyse pour la prison de monseigneur le prince de Condé » ; 4 Lettre de « CATERINE » DE MEDICIS au « Sr de Montmorency,... A Bloys, le XXXe jour de janvier 1562 » ; 5 « Departement des commissaires ordinaires des guerres pour les monstres de la gendarmerie du quartier de juillet 1562 » ; 6 Lettre de « CATERINE » DE MEDICIS au « Sr de Montmorency,... De Bloys, le VIIe jour de fevrier 1562 » ; 7 Lettre de « CATERINE » DE MEDICIS au « Sr de Danville, amyral de France... De Bloys, le IIe jour de fevrier 1562 » ; 8 Lettre de « CATERINE » DE MEDICIS au « mareschal de Montmorency,... Du camp pres Orleans, le XIXe jour de mars 1562 » ; 9 Lettre du roi « CHARLES » IX au « Sr de Montmorency,... A Bloys, le XIe jour de fevrier 1562 » ; 10 Lettre du roi « CHARLES » IX au « Sr de Montmorency,... A Bloys, le Vme jour de fevrier 1562 » ; 11 Lettre de « CATERINE » DE MEDICIS au « Sr de Danville, admiral de France... A Bloys, le XIX jour de fevrier 1562 » ; 12 Lettre de « CATERINE » DE MEDICIS au « mareschal de Montmorency,... Du camp pres Orleans, le IIIIe jour de mars 1562 » ; 13 Lettre de « CATERINE [DE MEDICIS]... Du camp [près Orléans], le XXIe jour de mars 1562 » ; 14 Lettre de « LOYS DE BOURBON [duc] DE MONTPENSIER,... à... monsieur le connestable... De Chinon, ce XXVIe jour de juing 1561 » ; 15 Lettres closes du roi « CHARLES » IX aux « gouverneur de Peronne ou son lieutenant... A Fontainebleau, ce XXe jour d'avril 1561 » ; 16 Lettre, en espagnol, de « el duque DE ALVA,... al señor de Momorenci, pere y grand condestable de Francia.. De Madrid, a 25 de agosto 1562 » ; 17 Fragment d'une lettre, sans signature, sans date ni adresse, sur les « huguenaultz » ; 18 Lettre de « CATERINE » DE MEDICIS au « mareschal de Montmorency,... Du Bois de Vincennes, le XVIIe jour de decembre 1562 » ; 19 Lettre du roi « CHARLES » IX au « Sr Dampville,... De Paris, le VIIIme jour de janvier 1563 » ; 20 Lettre du roi « CHARLES » IX au « Sr de Dampville,... De St Maur des Fossez, le XXVIIIe jour de janvier 1563 » ; 21 Lettre du roi « CHARLES » IX au « Sr de Montmorency,... A Fontainebleau, le premier jour de mars 1563 » ; 22 Lettre de « CATERINE » DE MEDICIS aux « ducz de Guyse,... et de Montmorency,... Au Bois de Vincennes, le XIIIe jour de novembre 1562 » ; 23 Lettre de « CATERINE » DE MEDICIS au « Sr de Dampville,... De Fontainebleau, le VIIIe jour de mars 1563 » ; 24 Lettre du roi « CHARLES » IX au « Sr de Dampville,... De Fontainebleau, le XIIe jour de mars 1563 » ; 25 Lettre du roi « CHARLES [IX]... à monseigneur de Dampville,... A Caen, le XXVe jour d'aoust 1563 » ; 26 « Forme du serment que le roy veult et entend estre faict par les officiers, magistratz, mayres, eschevins et ceulx qui sont appellez au conseil des villes et administration du publicq... Faict au conseil privé du roy tenu à Paris, le XIIe jour d'octobre 1563 » ; 27 Lettre du roi « CHARLES » IX au « Sr de Danville,... A Escouen, le XXIIIIe jour d'octobre 1563 » ; 28 « Departement de la gendarmerye pour le quartier d'avril, may et juing 1563 » ; 29 Lettre du roi « CHARLES » IX au « Sr de Danpville,.. De Carcassonne, ce XVIIe jour de janvier 1564 » ; 30 Lettre du roi « CHARLES » IX au « Sr de Dampville,... De Carcassonne, le XXIIIIe jour de janvier 1564 » ; 31 Lettre de « CATERINE » DE MEDICIS au « Sr de Montmorency,... A Carcassonne, le XXIe jour de janvier 1564 » ; 32 Lettre de « CATERINE [DE MEDICIS]... A Boullaine, le XXIe jour de septembre 1564 » ; 33 Lettre de « CATERINE » DE MEDICIS au « Sr de Montmorency,... De Montpellier, le XXVIe jour de decembre 1564 » ; 34 « Sauf conduit de monseigneur le prince DE CONDE à messrs les duc de Montmorency, de Morvillier, evesque de Lymoges et Sr d'Alluye, pour negocier du fait de la paix avec les deputez dudict Sr prince au lieu de Lonjumeau,... Faict au camp d'Engerville la Gaste, le XXVe jour de fevrier 1568 » ; 35 Lettre de « CATERINE » DE MEDICIS au « Sr de Montmorency,... De Thoulouse, le XVIe jour de mars 1565 » ; 36 Lettre de « LOYS DE BOURBON [duc DE MONTPENSIER]... à... monseigneur le comte d'Escars,... Es champs... ce Ve jour de juing 1580 » ; 37 Lettre du roi « CHARLES » IX au « mareschal de Montmorency,... A Esguillon, le XXVIII jour de mars 1565 » ; 38 Lettre de « CATERINE » DE MEDICIS au « mareschal de Montmorency,... De Thoulouse, le XIIe jour de fevrier 1565 » ; 39 Lettre de « DE LAUBESPINE,... à monseigneur le duc de Montmorency,... De Paris, le jour de Noël » ; 40 Lettre de « DIANE DE FRANCE,... à monsieur le connestable » ; 41 « Estat de l'assignation ordonnée au tresorier de l'extraordinaire de la guerre, maistre Guillaume Brochet, pour les garnisons ordinaires de Picardie, Champaigne et Normandie, durant le mois de janvier 1866 »