Molecules, wing pattern and distribution: an approach to species delimitation in the "loxurina group" (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Penaincisalia)

The wide range of morphological variations in the “loxurina group” makes taxa identification difficult, and despite several reviews, serious taxonomical confusion remains. We make use of DNA data in conjunction with morphological appearance and available information on species distribution to delimit the boundaries of the “loxurina” group species previously established based on morphology. A fragment of 635 base pairs within the mtDNA gene cytochrome oxidase I (COI) was analysed for seven species of the “loxurina group”. Phylogenetic relationships among the included taxa were inferred using maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood methods. Penaincisalia sigsiga (Bálint et al), P. cillutincarae (Draudt), P. atymna (Hewitson) and P. loxurina (C. Felder & R. Felder) were easily delimited as the morphological, geographic and molecular data were congruent. Penaincisalia ludovica (Bálint & Wojtusiak) and P. loxurina astillero (Johnson) represent the same entity and constitute a sub-species of P. loxurina. However, incongruence among morphological, genetic, and geographic data is shown in P. chachapoya (Bálint & Wojtusiak) and P. tegulina (Bálint et al). Our results highlight that an integrative approach is needed to clarify the taxonomy of these neotropical taxa, but more genetic and geographical studies are still required.

Automobile consumer information study crash test program. Volume I. Summary report. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Evaluation of minimum drinking age laws using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System. Final report.

Mode of access: Internet.

Evaluation of state motorcycle helmet laws using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System. Final report.

Mode of access: Internet.

Engineering model of future motor vehicles. Volume I. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Heavy vehicle safety research: a new agenda for the 21st century. Prepared in response to Senate Report 103-310; Senate Appropriations Committee; H.R. 4556; Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations Bill 1995.

Mode of access: Internet.

Evaluation of BMCS accident files. Final report.

Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C.

An analysis of guardrail and median barrier accidents using the Longitudinal Barrier Special Studies (LBSS) file. Volume I: final report.

Federal Highway Administration, Office of Safety and Traffic Operations Research and Development, McLean, Va.

An analysis of guardrail and median barrier accidents using the Longitudinal Barrier Special Studies (LBSS) file. Volume II: users guide.

Federal Highway Administration, Office of Safety and Traffic Operations Research and Development, McLean, Va.

Computer programs for safety analysis.

Federal Highway Administration, Office of Implementation, Washington, D.C.

Roadside Safety Library - library information retrieval system (LIRS). Volume 1: user's manual. Final report.

Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center, McLean, Va.

Direction of DOT fire research - 1979 edition. Final report.

Transportation Department, Office of Environment and Safety, Washington, D.C.

Update of operations systems directory. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Driver exposure - indirect approach for obtaining relative measures.

Mode of access: Internet.

Study summary - project TRANSIS phase II. Preliminary report.

Transportation Department, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Environment, Safety and Consumer Affairs, Washington, D.C.