Optimization of thermoacoustic primemover using response surface methodology

Thermoacoustic engines are energy conversion devices that convert thermal energy from a high-temperature heat source into useful work in the form of acoustic power while diverting waste heat into a cold sink; it can be used as a drive for cryocoolers and refrigerators. Though the devices are simple to fabricate, it is very challenging to design an optimized thermoacoustic primemover with better performance. The study presented here aims to optimize the thermoacoustic primemover using response surface methodology. The influence of stack position and its length, resonator length, plate thickness, and plate spacing on pressure amplitude and frequency in a thermoacoustic primemover is investigated in this study. For the desired frequency of 207 Hz, the optimized value of the above parameters suggested by the response surface methodology has been conducted experimentally, and simulations are also performed using DeltaEC. The experimental and simulation results showed similar output performance.

Coconut kernel-derived activated carbon as electrode material for electrical double-layer capacitors

Carbonization of milk-free coconut kernel pulp is carried out at low temperatures. The carbon samples are activated using KOH, and electrical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) properties are studied. Among the several samples prepared, activated carbon prepared at 600 A degrees C has a large surface area (1,200 m(2) g(-1)). There is a decrease in surface area with increasing temperature of preparation. Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge studies suggest that activated carbons derived from coconut kernel pulp are appropriate materials for EDLC studies in acidic, alkaline, and non-aqueous electrolytes. Specific capacitance of 173 F g(-1) is obtained in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte for the activated carbon prepared at 600 A degrees C. The supercapacitor properties of activated carbon sample prepared at 600 A degrees C are superior to the samples prepared at higher temperatures.

Effects of Microstructural Heterogeneity on the Spallation Behavior of Materials

It is of utmost importance to understand the spallation behaviour of heterogeneous materials. In this paper, a driven nonlinear threshold model with stress fluctuation is presented to study the effects of microstructural heterogeneity on continuum damage evolution. The spallation behavior of heterogeneity material is analyzed with this model. The heterogeniety of mesoscopic units is characterized in terms of Weibull modulus m of strength distibution and stress fluctuation parameter k. At high stress, the maximum damage increases with m; while at low stress, the maximum damage decreases. In addition, for low stress, severe stress fluctuation causes higher damage; while for high stress, causes lower damage.

可压缩流动稳定性方程求解与转捩预测

讨论了Rayleigh逆迭代法与边界层渐近匹配展开配合的方法，并应用于求解高速可压缩边界层流动稳定性和预报转捩点的数值计算方法。给出了平板边界层第一模式的稳定性分析和转捩区数值预报结果，与已有的实验结果进行了比较。

Diagnostico situacional de cisticercosis porcina en el rastro municipal de Masaya, Nicaragua en el periodo Enero a Julio 2009

La cisticercosis y la teniasis, ocasionadas por Taenia solium, representan un problema de salud pública. Éstas se encuentran asociadas fuertemente con la crianza de cerdos y las deficientes condiciones sanitarias e higiénicas. Cuando una persona come carne de cerdo infectada, mal cocida o cruda, adquiere teniasis. La cisticercosis se adquiere al ingerir alimentos (verduras principalmente) o agua contaminada con materias fecales conteniendo huevecillos de Taenia solium, o por autoinfestación cuando la persona con teniasis no tiene hábitos de higiene adecuados. Con este estudio se propuso determinar el diagnóstico situacional de cisticercosis porcina en el Rastro Municipal de Masaya en el periodo de Enero-Julio 2009. Los cálculos correspondieron a los casos de cerdos infectados con cisticercosis de los diferentes patentados o dueños de cerdos faenados, además de cada uno de los siete meses de estudio y el porcentaje global de los siete meses evaluados. Los datos se tomaron de los registros que se realizaban durante la inspección postmortem por el médico veterinario autorizado por la Alcaldía de Masaya. El método de estudio fue observacional de tipo transversal. Los resultados obtenidos en base al hallazgo de cerdos infectados con cisticercosis es que éste no era disperso, ya que se mantuvo en cerdos faenados de 5 patentados. El mes con mayor afectación fue Marzo con 0.29% y el porcentaje global fue de 0.14% que equivale a 17 cerdos con cisticercos de 11,903 animales faenados. En este estudio no se lograron determinar pérdidas económicas ni las regiones anatómicas de mayor afectación, ya que en el rastro no se lleva control de peso de los animales y los procesos de matanza no se rigen por el Reglamento de Inspección Veterinaria de la carne para la República de Nicaragua, artículo 118, Ministerio Agropecuario y Forestal (MAGFOR).

Lo visual como construcción. Desarrollo de un modelo pictórico de representación de la imagen

903 páginas, bibliografía en páginas 854-895, glosario en páginas 896-903

Effects of Microstructural Heterogeneity on The Spallation Behavior of Materials

It is of utmost importance to understand the spallation behaviour of heterogeneous materials. In this paper, a driven nonlinear threshold model with stress fluctuation is presented to study the effects of microstructural heterogeneity on continuum damage evolution. The spallation behavior of heterogeneity material is analyzed with this model. The heterogeniety of mesoscopic units is characterized in terms of Weibull modulus m of strength distibution and stress fluctuation parameter k. At high stress, the maximum damage increases with m; while at low stress, the maximum damage decreases. In addition, for low stress, severe stress fluctuation causes higher damage; while for high stress, causes lower damage.

电控径向双折射滤波器的横向超分辨与轴向扩展焦深

提出利用电控径向双折射光瞳滤波器实现横向超分辨性能参量的调制与轴向扩展焦深。该光瞳滤波器由两个平行偏光镜，一个电光晶体与一个径向对称双折射晶体组成。分析了电光晶体与径向双折射元件对光偏振态的空间调制作用，通过控制电光晶体的相位延迟实现径向中心处初始偏振态的控制，与径向双折射元件横向偏振态调制结合，实现了庞加莱球上偏振态演变路径与阶段的控制，从而对焦点附近偏振态进行空间调制以实现光强的重新分布。研究结果表明，外加电场调制可以实现横向上超分辨性能的调控以及轴向上焦深的扩展，并可得到相应的电光相位延迟范围。

Three-photon absorption-induced fluorescence and optical limiting effects in a fluorene derivative

This paper reports on the steady-state fluorescence, three- photon absorption-induced fluorescence emission and subsequently induced optical limiting behaviour of a fluorene derivative with D-pi-D structural motifs. The lifetime of the steady-state fluorescence is 0.903 ns. Large optical limiting behaviour induced by 3PA has also been demonstrated, and the nonlinear absorption coefficient gamma derived from 3PA fitting curves is 5.92 x 10(-20) cm(3)/W-2 and the corresponding molecular 3PA cross-section sigma(3)' is 1.14 x 10(-76) cm(6) s(2).