Capacity-building workshops on the responsibility to protect (R2P) and the protection of civilians (POC) in armed conflict - Summary Report

In June 2011, a research project team from the Institute for Ethics, Governance and Law (IEGL), Queensland University of Technology, the United Nations University, and the Australian Government’s Asia Pacific Civil-Military Centre of Excellence (APCMCOE) held three Capacity-Building Workshops (the Workshops) on the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) and the Protection of Civilians (POC) in Armed Conflict in Manila, Kuala Lumpur, and Jakarta. The research project is funded by the Australian Responsibility to Protect Fund, with support from APCMCOE. Developments in Libya and Cote d’Ivoire and the actions of the United Nations Security Council have given new significance to the relationship between R2P and POC, providing impetus to the relevance and application of the POC principle recognised in numerous Security Council resolutions, and the R2P principle, which was recognised by the United Nations General Assembly in 2005 and, now, by the Security Council. The Workshops considered the relationship between R2P and POC. The project team presented the preliminary findings of their study and sought contributions and feedback from Workshop participants. Prior to the Workshops, members of the project team undertook interviews with UN offices and agencies, international organisations (IOs) and non-government organisations (NGOs) in Geneva and New York as part of the process of mapping the relationship between R2P and POC. Initial findings were considered at an Academic-Practitioner Workshop held at the University of Sydney in November 2010. In addition to an extensive literature review and a series of academic publications, the project team is preparing a practical guidance text (the Guide) on the relationship between R2P and POC to assist the United Nations, governments, regional bodies, IOs and NGOs in considering and applying appropriate protection strategies. It is intended that the Guide be presented to the United Nations Secretariat in New York in early 2012. The primary aim of the Workshops was to test the project’s initial findings among an audience of diplomats, military, police, civilian policy-makers, practitioners, researchers and experts from within the region. Through dialogue and discussion, the project team gathered feedback – comments, questions, critique and suggestions – to help shape the development of practical guidance about when, how and by whom R2P and POC might be implemented.

Serotonin 5-HT2B receptors are required for bone-marrow contribution to pulmonary arterial hypertension

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease characterized by lung endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodeling. Recently, bone marrow progenitor cells have been localized to PAH lungs, raising the question of their role in disease progression. Independently, serotonin (5-HT) and its receptors have been identified as contributors to the PAH pathogenesis. We hypothesized that 1 of these receptors, 5-HT(2B), is involved in bone marrow stem cell mobilization that participates in the development of PAH and pulmonary vascular remodeling. A first study revealed expression of 5-HT(2B) receptors by circulating c-kit(+) precursor cells, whereas mice lacking 5-HT(2B) receptors showed alterations in platelets and monocyte-macrophage numbers, and in myeloid lineages of bone marrow. Strikingly, mice with restricted expression of 5-HT(2B) receptors in bone marrow cells developed hypoxia or monocrotaline-induced increase in pulmonary pressure and vascular remodeling, whereas restricted elimination of 5-HT(2B) receptors on bone marrow cells confers a complete resistance. Moreover, ex vivo culture of human CD34(+) or mice c-kit(+) progenitor cells in the presence of a 5-HT(2B) receptor antagonist resulted in altered myeloid differentiation potential. Thus, we demonstrate that activation of 5-HT(2B) receptors on bone marrow lineage progenitors is critical for the development of PAH.

The YOU CALL-WE CALL randomized clinical trial: Impact of a multimodal support intervention after a mild stroke

Background Comparison of a multimodal intervention WE CALL (study initiated phone support/information provision) versus a passive intervention YOU CALL (participant can contact a resource person) in individuals with first mild stroke. Methods and Results This study is a single-blinded randomized clinical trial. Primary outcome includes unplanned use of health services (participant diaries) for adverse events and quality of life (Euroquol-5D, Quality of Life Index). Secondary outcomes include planned use of health services (diaries), mood (Beck Depression Inventory II), and participation (Assessment of Life Habits [LIFE-H]). Blind assessments were done at baseline, 6, and 12 months. A mixed model approach for statistical analysis on an intention-to-treat basis was used where the group factor was intervention type and occasion factor time, with a significance level of 0.01. We enrolled 186 patients (WE=92; YOU=94) with a mean age of 62.5±12.5 years, and 42.5% were women. No significant differences were seen between groups at 6 months for any outcomes with both groups improving from baseline on all measures (effect sizes ranged from 0.25 to 0.7). The only significant change for both groups from 6 months to 1 year (n=139) was in the social domains of the LIFE-H (increment in score, 0.4/9±1.3 [95% confidence interval, 0.1–0.7]; effect size, 0.3). Qualitatively, the WE CALL intervention was perceived as reassuring, increased insight, and problem solving while decreasing anxiety. Only 6 of 94 (6.4%) YOU CALL participants availed themselves of the intervention. Conclusions Although the 2 groups improved equally over time, WE CALL intervention was perceived as helpful, whereas YOU CALL intervention was not used.

Radio frequency emission in electron beam-plasma and beam-beam interaction

A linear excitation of electromagnetic modes at frequencies (n + ı89 in a plasma through which two electron beams are contra-streaming along the magnetic field is investigated. This may be a source of the observed {cote emissions at auroral latitudes.

Expected Performance of the ATLAS Experiment - Detector, Trigger and Physics

A detailed study is presented of the expected performance of the ATLAS detector. The reconstruction of tracks, leptons, photons, missing energy and jets is investigated, together with the performance of b-tagging and the trigger. The physics potential for a variety of interesting physics processes, within the Standard Model and beyond, is examined. The study comprises a series of notes based on simulations of the detector and physics processes, with particular emphasis given to the data expected from the first years of operation of the LHC at CERN.

A mönada e o enigma no roteiro noir de Onde andará Dulce Veiga? de Caio Fernando de Abreu

Análise do romance Onde andará Dulce Veiga?(1990), de Caio Fernando Abreu, com fundamento nas idéias de Theodor Adorno, especificamente com base na Teoria Estética. A crítica empreende-se sob três diferentes vertentes: o cinema noir, a música e a autobiografia, sendo essa última uma característica ligada à crítica cultural. Na primeira, detectam-se as influências da linguagem do cinema, em que o lado sombrio da realidade é forte aliado na composição do romance. Na segunda, observam-se os novos paradigmas culturais que emergiram nos anos de 1980 como índices metaficcionais, na ótica de Theresinha Barbieri (2003), de outros analistas, e que dão forma à variada mixagem do todo social. Na terceira vertente, cruzam-se os percursos da vida de Caio Fernando Abreu com a narrativa de ficção Onde andará Dulce Veiga?, a partir da coletânea de cartas, publicadas por Italo Moriconi (2002), escritas em três diferentes décadas: a de 1960, a de 1970 e a de 1980. Pela correspondência, verifica-se que o projeto do romance habitou o imaginário do jornalista, desde 1970, especialmente quando Caio Fernando Abreu passou a trabalhar em redações de jornais e revistas. Assim, os aspectos da vida convertem-se em experiência estética

Length-weight relationships of five species of the family Sparidae in the Gulf of Guinea

Length-weight relationships are presented by sex and by country for five species of the family Sparidae (Pugrus caeruleostictus, Pagellus bellottii, Dentex canariensis, Dentex congonensis, Dentex angolensis) sampled in April 1990 during the Guinea '90 trawling survey off Sierra Leone, Liberia, Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana.

Modele fizyczne planetoid pojedynczych i podwójnych otrzymane na podstawie przeglądów fotometrycznych: przygotowanie do naukowego wykorzystania danych z kosmicznej misji Gaia

Wydział Fizyki

Avaliação do efeito da Grande Área Metropolitana do Porto nas concentrações de Dióxido de Carbono sobre a zona costeira adjacente

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia e Gestão Ambiental.

Mise en mouvement des jeunes de 16-17 ans en situation de précarité : facteurs associés à l'atteinte des objectifs d'intervention

La présente étude se penche sur les facteurs associés à l'atteinte des objectifs d'intervention dans les mesures de mise en mouvement chez les jeunes de 16-17 ans en situation de précarité. Au Québec, les effets de la pyramide démographique, l'essor de l'emploi atypique et les mutations économiques que subit le marché du travail peuvent engendrer une situation de précarité chez certains jeunes, dont les jeunes sans diplôme, les jeunes ayant été pris en charge par le système de protection de la jeunesse et les jeunes peu scolarisés. Dans cette perspective, des actions gouvernementales, sous forme de mesures, ont été mises en oeuvre en vue de fournir à ces jeunes un soutien dans leur insertion socioprofessionnelle et leur maintien à l'école. Nous nous intéressons à ces mesures, et plus particulièrement aux aspects personnels et contextuels des jeunes associés aux degrés d'atteinte des objectifs d'intervention. Les conditions associées aux participants de même que les mesures de mise en mouvement sont appréhendées sous l'angle de l'approche écosystémique. À cet effet, les objectifs de cette étude sont de déterminer les caractéristiques personnelles et les caractéristiques environnementales associées à l'atteinte des objectifs d'intervention des participants lors de leur passage dans ces mesures de mise en mouvement. À cette fin, les données employées proviennent d'une recherche évaluative de la mesure IDEO 16-17 (Yergeau, Bélisle, Bourdon et Thériault, 2009). Les participants (n=48) provenaient de différentes régions et étaient âgés de 15 et 19 ans. Alors que certains participants commençaient la mesure, certains participants interrogés avaient terminé la mesure. Parmi ces participants, 23 étaient des femmes et 25 des hommes. Un volet d'entrée leur était attribué selon leur problématique (mise en mouvement, persévérance scolaire ou rétablissement personnel). Des analyses bivariées ont été réalisées afin de relever les relations significatives entre les caractéristiques des jeunes, le degré d'atteinte moyen des objectifs d'intervention et la cote d'atteinte de l'objectif le plus associé au volet d'entrée. Deux régressions linéaires multiples ont également été exécutées afin de vérifier si les modèles employés expliquent une proportion significative de la variation du degré d'atteinte. Les résultats obtenus montrent la présence d'une corrélation positive entre l'âge des participants et le degré moyen d'atteinte des objectifs d'intervention. Ce résultat peut s'expliquer, entre autres, par une plus grande maturité et par un développement cognitif plus élevé des jeunes plus âgés. Aucun autre résultat significatif n'a été relevé. Toutefois, l'absence de résultats significatifs ne signifie pas que les liens entre les variables soient inexistants dans la réalité. L'absence de résultats significatifs peut s'expliquer en partie par certaines limites de la méthodologie, dont un échantillon hétérogène de taille modeste, une variance des variables dépendantes et certains paramètres de sélection du devis. Toutefois, certains aspects reliés à la nature même de la programmation souple de la mesure expliqueraient davantage l'absence de résultats, dont le manque d'adéquation entre le volet d'entrée et les objectifs d'intervention au plan d'action de même que la diversité et l'intensité variable des interventions inhérentes à l'étendue des problématiques des participants. Cette flexibilité caractéristique des mesures à programmation souple pose des défis méthodologiques et analytiques à la recherche et suggère au lecteur de nuancer l'interprétation des résultats. En conclusion, la présente recherche n'a pu déceler d'associations significatives entre le degré d'atteinte des objectifs d'intervention et les caractéristiques systémiques à l'étude. Certains aspects méthodologiques et de la nature de la mesure peuvent contribuer à expliquer l'absence de résultats significatifs. Comme il s'agit à notre connaissance de la première étude sur ce thème spécifique, il appert pertinent de poursuivre les études dans ce domaine.