Evaluation of sugar maple dieback in the Upper Great Lakes region and development of a forest health youth education program

Acer saccharum Marsh., is one of the most valuable trees in the northern hardwood forests. Severe dieback was recently reported by area foresters in the western Upper Great Lakes Region. Sugar Maple has had a history of dieback over the last 100 years throughout its range and different variables have been identified as being the predisposing and inciting factors in different regions at different times. Some of the most common factors attributed to previous maple dieback episodes were insect defoliation outbreaks, inadequate precipitation, poor soils, atmospheric deposition, fungal pathogens, poor management, or a combination of these. The current sugar maple dieback was evaluated to determine the etiology, severity, and change in dieback on both industry and public lands. A network of 120 sugar maple health evaluation plots was established in the Upper Peninsula, Michigan, northern Wisconsin, and eastern Minnesota and evaluated annually from 2009-2012. Mean sugar maple crown dieback between 2009-2012 was 12.4% (ranging from 0.8-75.5%) across the region. Overall, during the sampling period, mean dieback decreased by 5% but individual plots and trees continued to decline. Relationships were examined between sugar maple dieback and growth, habitat conditions, ownership, climate, soil, foliage nutrients, and the maple pathogen sapstreak. The only statistically significant factor was found to be a high level of forest floor impacts due to exotic earthworm activity. Sugar maple on soils with lower pH had less earthworm impacts, less dieback, and higher growth rates than those on soils more favorable to earthworms. Nutritional status of foliage and soil was correlated with dieback and growth suggesting perturbation of nutrient cycling may be predisposing or contributing to dieback. The previous winter's snowfall totals, length of stay on the ground, and number of days with freezing temperatures had a significant positive relationship to sugar maple growth rates. Sapstreak disease, Ceratocystis virescens, may be contributing to dieback in some stands but was not related to the amount of dieback in the region. The ultimate goal of this research is to help forest managers in the Great Lakes Region prevent, anticipate, reduce, and/or salvage stands with dieback and loss in the future. An improved understanding of the complex etiology associated with sugar maple dieback in the Upper Great Lakes Region is necessary to make appropriate silvicultural decisions. Forest Health education helps increase awareness and proactive forest management in the face of changing forest ecosystems. Lessons are included to assist educators in incorporating forest health into standard biological disciplines at the secondary school curricula.

Young medical educators' workshop: Finding the right mentor in Medical Education

Background: Finding the right mentor in medical education is challenging, especially if you are relatively new to the field. However, a mentor that is fit for purpose offers great potential. The workshop will explore strategies and pitfalls for successfully finding the best available mentor. Intended Outcomes: At the end of the workshop participants will be able to: (1) identify practical strategies for successfully finding the right mentor in medical education; (2) give feedback on a proposed idea of a platform for matching mentees and mentors within AMEE; (3) establish an electronic network for continued dialogue and support within the online platform of AMEE (MedEdWorld). Structure: After an introduction to mentorship in medical education and characteristics of effective mentors, participants will have the opportunity to develop their own concepts and questions and discuss them with other participants and facilitators. Senior mentors will give advice from their experience. Furthermore, a proposal of an online platform to help young medical educators find a mentor will be presented and discussed. Who Should Attend: Young medical educators interested in finding the right mentor and in exchanging ideas with colleagues in a similar situation. Level: Introductory

Continued Fraction Solutions to Hermite's, Legendre's and Laguerre's Differential Equation

The continued fraction method for solving differential equations is illustrated using three famous differential equations used in quantum chemistry.

The Runge0Lenz Vector (continued)

We continue our discussion of the Runge-Lenz vector in a quantum mechanical context. The traditional form of the Runge-Lenz vector is obtained, and the commutation relations between the Runge-Lenz vector, the Hamiltonian, and the Angular Momentum are obtained using Maple.

Records of the Society for the Promotion of Theological Education at Harvard University, 1788-1853 (inclusive), 1816-1853 (bulk)

Includes minutes and other records, 1816-1829, of the trustees of the Society and other correspondence relating to the founding of the Society; treasurer's reports, 1843-1844, of J.G. Palfrey; lists of beneficiaries, 1824- 1830; and subscription receipts, 1819-1823. Also records regarding subscriptions for a professorship, 1828, an extract from the will of J.D. Williams, and legal matters. For more detailed information about records, see Harvard Archives LOCATION below.

The British colonial library, comprising a popular and authentic description of all the colonies of the British empire, their history - physical geography - geology - climate - animal, vegetable, and mineral kingdoms - government - finance - military defence - commerce - shipping -monetary system - religion - population, white and coloured - education and the press - emigration, social state, &c.

Published in 1834-35 under the title: History of the British colonies.

Report of the superintendent-general of education for the year ending ... /

Report year ends Sept. 30 (<1903>-1917); Dec. 31 (1918-1968).

Self culture; a magazine of knowledge, with departments devoted to literature, science, art and music, civics, education, religion, and the home.

Editors: 1895-96, E.C. Towne.--1896--1900, G.M. Adam.--1900, W.W. Hudson.

Report of the ... annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Physical Education.

Imprint varies: 1894, New Haven, Conn. : Clarence H. Ryder; 1895, Concord, N.H. : Republican Press Assn.

Biennial survey of education in Canada.

At head of title: Dominion of Canada. Dominion bureau of statistics. Education statistics branch.

Today's education.

Mode of access: Internet.

Education directory.

Lists institutions in the United States and its outlying areas that are legally authorized to offer and are offering at least a one-year program of college-level studies leading toward a degree.

Annual survey of education in Canada.

Mode of access: Internet.

Biennial report of the State Department of Education.

Issued in 2 pts.: pt. 1 includes the Biennial report of the Superintendent of Public Instruction and the Biennial report of the Director of Education; pt. 2 contains the statistical tabulations relative to the public schools of the state (Division of Research and Statistics).

Biennial report of the California State Department of Education ... for the school years ending June 30, ... and June 30, ...

Includes report of the State Board of Education.