A versatile resolving agent for diffusion edited separation of enantiomers, complex mixtures and constitutional isomers

The study is the first report of the utilization of a crown ether as a new and versatile resolving agent for the diffusion edited separation of enantiomers, complex mixtures and constitutional isomers. As a consequence of different binding affinities of enantiomers of a chiral molecule and individual components of the complex mixtures with the crown ether, the molecules diffuse at different rates. The enhanced separation achieved due to matrix assisted diffusion permitted their separation in the diffusion dimension. The generality and wide utility of the new resolving agent and the methodology are demonstrated on diverse examples, such as an organic chiral molecule, constitutional isomers and complex mixture of molecules possessing different functional groups that possess nearly identical molecular weights.

Relook into the historical progress and philosophy of Indian space exploration

A study of the history and philosophy of the contribution of India towards the exploration of space since antiquity provides interesting insights. The contributions are described during the three periods namely: (1) the ten millenniums from 10,000 BC with a twilight period up to 900 AD; (2) the ten centuries from 900 AD to 1900 AD; and (3) the ten decades from 1900 AD to 2000 AD; called mythological, medieval, and modern respectively. Some important events during the above periods provide a reference view of the progress. The Vedas during the mythological period and the Siddhantas during the medieval periods, which are based on astronomical observations, indicate that the Indian contribution preceded other cultures. But most Western historians ignore this fact time and again in spite of many proofs provided to the contrary. This chapter also shows that Indians had the proper scientific attitude of developing any physical theory through the triplet of mind, model, and measurements. It is this same triplet that forms the basis of the present day well known Kalman filter technique. Up to about 1500 BC the Indian contribution was leading but during foreign invasion and occupation it lagged and has been improving only after independence.

Apostillas iusfilosóficas sobre el derecho a la jurisdicción

Resumen: El artículo aborda el “derecho a la jurisdicción” desde una perspectiva iusfilosófica. Para tal fin define su concepto, describe las diferentes perspectivas teóricas tales como la positiva o necesaria del realismo, la negativa y contingente del marxismo y la irrelevante del liberalismo. Luego aborda sus fundamentos, alcances y obstáculos para su ejercicio apropiado. El abordaje de estas cuestiones permite advertir que el derecho a la jurisdicción no es sólo una problemática del derecho procesal sino que constituye una pieza clave del Estado de Derecho Constitucional.

The political econmoy of state government debt : an analysis of constitutional limitations (1961-1990)

Over the past decade, scholarly interest concerning the use of limitations to constrain government spending and taxing has noticeably increased. The call for constitutional restrictions can be credited, in part, to Washington's apparent inability to legislate any significant reductions in government expenditures or in the size of the national debt. At the present time, the federal government is far from instituting any constitutional limitations on spending or borrowing; however, the states have incorporated many controls on revenues and expenditures, the oldest being strictures on full faith and credit borrowing. This dissertations examines the efficacy of these restrictions on borrowing across the states (excluding Alaska) for the period dating from 1961 to 1990 and also studies the limitations on taxing and spending synonymous with the Tax Revolt.

We include socio-economic information in our calculations to control for factors other than the institutional variables that affect state borrowing levels. Our results show that certain constitutional restrictions (in particular, the referendum requirement and the dollar debt limit) are more effective than others. The apparent ineffectiveness of other limitations, such as the flexible debt limit, seem related to the bindingness of the limitations in at least half of the cases. Other variables, such as crime rates, number of schoolage children, and state personal income do affect the levels of full faith and credit debt, but not as strongly as the limitations. While some degree of circumvention can be detected (the amount of full faith and credit debt does inversely affect the levels of nonguaranteed debt), it is so small when compared to the effectiveness of the constitutional restrictions that it is almost negligible. The examination of the tax revolt era limitations yielded quite similar conclusions, with the additional fact that constitutional restrictions appear more binding than statutory ones. Our research demonstrates that constitutional limitations on borrowing can be applied effectively to constrain excessive borrowing, but caution must be used. The efficacy of these restrictions decrease dramatically as the number of loopholes increase.

A prostituição no Brasil no século XXI: razões para sua regulamentação

A sociedade demanda a prostituição e a explora desde os tempos mais remotos. Apesar do uso imemorial e intensivo dos serviços sexuais prestados por essas mulheres, o fenômeno social continua sendo tratado como um tabu em pleno século XXI. O mundo se divide entre os países que não toleram a prostituição, e criminalizam as condutas da prostituta, do cliente e de quem explora economicamente a atividade (proibicionismo), os que consideram a atividade degradante para a mulher e querem aboli-la, porém criminalizam apenas a conduta daquele que explora a atividade econômica e/ou a dos clientes, mas não a da prostituta, (abolicionismo) e os que a encaram como uma atividade legítima, com ou sem questionamentos morais, e a regulamentam (regulamentarismo). A presente dissertação envereda-se nas tarefas de diagnosticar o tratamento conferido pelo Estado brasileiro à prostituição, traçar um perfil contemporâneo da atividade, pesquisar os regimes legais existentes na atualidade em diversos países, analisar os resultados práticos decorrentes de cada um desses regimes, comentar a jurisprudência internacional relevante e, finalmente, debater os fundamentos envolvidos na intensa controvérsia que ronda a prostituição, com o objetivo de encontrar respostas para as seguintes perguntas: 1) é possível, numa perspectiva filosófica e constitucional, impedir-se que pessoas adultas e livremente orientadas prostituam-se, demandem prostituição ou desenvolvam atividades econômicas baseadas nos serviços sexuais? 2) é exigível do Estado alguma conduta relativamente à prostituição? Apurou-se neste estudo que, salvo nos países em que a profissão é regulamentada, as prostitutas são tratadas como cidadãs de 2 classe, privadas dos direitos mais elementares, carentes de reconhecimento, empurradas para o submundo social e estigmatizadas. A inexistência de legislação que garanta seus direitos expõe-nas à criminalidade, a riscos de saúde, a ambientes insalubres e, ainda por cima, aumenta o estigma que pesa sobre elas. Os fatores empíricos analisados ― criminalidade, saúde, trabalho e tributação ― apontam todos no sentido da necessidade de regulamentação da atividade, alguns deles, inclusive, por recomendação de organismos internacionais ligados à ONU, como a Organização Internacional do Trabalho OIT e a Comissão Global sobre HIV e o Direito. Por outro lado, no contexto da filosofia política defendida nesta dissertação, o liberalismo igualitário, a intromissão do Estado na opção da mulher de se prostituir e no desempenho dessa atividade é absolutamente vedada, pois implica tratar a prostituta como menos do que um sujeito moral igual. Finalmente, na perspectiva constitucional, apurou-se que a intervenção e a omissão praticadas pelo Estado abolicionista ferem os direitos fundamentais das prostitutas à autonomia pessoal, à igualdade e à dignidade da pessoa humana, bem como, constituindo a opção de se prostituir uma questão moral autorreferente, ela deve ser retirada do jogo político majoritário, sob pena de violar-se o princípio fundamental da democracia. No desenvolvimento do tema, com base nas respostas encontradas para as perguntas acima e nas razões que conduzirem a elas, serão apresentados os fundamentos que sustentam a defesa da regulamentação da prostituição no Brasil.

The Place of Philosophy in Management

Our purpose is to not to define a particular philosophy of management, but rather to demonstrate some of the ways in which philosophy – ethics, metaphysics, epistemology, logic and æsthetics – contributes to the practice of management. We identify a number of contemporary management questions, procedures or issues where the application of philosophical approaches are relevant, and show how philosophical skills, an understanding of philosophical principles or exposure to philosophical discussion can contribute to improved management practice. In some ways the paper is a report on progress in the quest begun by Nigel Laurie and Christopher Cherry in the first issue of Philosophy of Management, formerly Reason in Practice (2001) when they asked why philosophers have interested themselves so little in the entire field of management. We include some examples where philosophers have written about management, some where managers have shown the direct impact of philosophy on management effectiveness and some where potential remains. In much we see links to process philosophy, and to the need for conversation and reflection by and between managers and philosophers. This does not of itself show how philosophy can contribute to management education. A brief final section discusses the way in which moral creativity skills can be developed through reflection, and describes how this has been done in the Manufacturing Leaders’ Programme at the Institute for Manufacturing at Cambridge and in the International Management Ethics & Values course taught to undergraduate management students in Adelaide, Singapore and Hong Kong. This will be taken up in a subsequent paper.

Examining the Aesthetic Dimensions of the Constitutional Treaty

Gibbs, Nathan, Examining the Aesthetic Dimensions of the Constitutional Treaty. European Law Journal, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 326-342, May 2005 RAE2008

Getting Constitutional Theory into Proportion: A Matter of Interpretation?

Gibbs, N., Getting Constitutional Theory into Proportion: A Matter of Interpretation?, Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, 27 (1), 175-191. RAE2008

Wendt, IR and Philosophy: A Critique

Suganami, Hidemi, 'Wendt, IR and Philosophy: A Critique', In: 'Constructivism and International Relations: Alexander Wendt and His Critics', (New York: Routledge), pp.57-72, 2006 RAE2008