96 resultados para Compensations
Resumo:
The complexity of power systems has increased in recent years due to the operation of existing transmission lines closer to their limits, using flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices, and also due to the increased penetration of new types of generators that have more intermittent characteristics and lower inertial response, such as wind generators. This changing nature of a power system has considerable effect on its dynamic behaviors resulting in power swings, dynamic interactions between different power system devices, and less synchronized coupling. This paper presents some analyses of this changing nature of power systems and their dynamic behaviors to identify critical issues that limit the large-scale integration of wind generators and FACTS devices. In addition, this paper addresses some general concerns toward high compensations in different grid topologies. The studies in this paper are conducted on the New England and New York power system model under both small and large disturbances. From the analyses, it can be concluded that high compensation can reduce the security limits under certain operating conditions, and the modes related to operating slip and shaft stiffness are critical as they may limit the large-scale integration of wind generation.
Resumo:
In the last decades, medical malpractice has been framed as one of the most critical issues for healthcare providers and health policy, holding a central role on both the policy agenda and public debate. The Law and Economics literature has devoted much attention to medical malpractice and to the investigation of the impact of malpractice reforms. Nonetheless, some reforms have been much less empirically studied as in the case of schedules, and their effects remain highly debated. The present work seeks to contribute to the study of medical malpractice and of schedules of noneconomic damages in a civil law country with a public national health system, using Italy as case study. Besides considering schedules and exploiting a quasi-experimental setting, the novelty of our contribution consists in the inclusion of the performance of the judiciary (measured as courts’ civil backlog) in the empirical analysis. The empirical analysis is twofold. First, it investigates how limiting compensations for pain and suffering through schedules impacts on the malpractice insurance market in terms of presence of private insurers and of premiums applied. Second, it examines whether, and to what extent, healthcare providers react to the implementation of this policy in terms of both levels and composition of the medical treatments offered. Our findings show that the introduction of schedules increases the presence of insurers only in inefficient courts, while it does not produce significant effects on paid premiums. Judicial inefficiency is attractive to insurers for average values of schedules penetration of the market, with an increasing positive impact of inefficiency as the territorial coverage of schedules increases. Moreover, the implementation of schedules tends to reduce the use of defensive practices on the part of clinicians, but the magnitude of this impact is ultimately determined by the actual degree of backlog of the court implementing schedules.
Resumo:
Se determinó la rentabilidad del feedlot bajo distintos escenarios productivos y económicos para la situación de precios del ganado vigentes en 2009 y 2010. La información básica provino de encuestas en feedlots, entrevistas con informantes clave y consulta bibliográfica. La tasa interna de retorno y el valor actual neto se estimaron considerando un costo de oportunidad del capital del 12% anual. El capital total varió en función de la adquisición total o producción parcial de alimentos para el ganado. Los ingresos para 3.000 animales año-1 se incrementaron 50% en 2010 respecto de 2009. Durante 2009, sin compensaciones, no existió rentabilidad al adquirir los alimentos. Se obtuvo rentabilidad sin compensaciones con aumentos del 5, 10 y 15% en inversiones y gastos operativos con producciones de 4.466, 6.214 y 9.670 animales año-1, respectivamente, al adquirir el alimento y con 2.110, 2.430 y 2.880 animales año-1 con producción del mismo. Los precios de la hacienda de 2010 con respecto a los de 2009 aumentaron la rentabilidad tanto al adquirir como al producir alimentos sin dependencia del cobro de compensaciones. Con 2.300 y 1.500 animales año-1 para las situaciones de alimento adquirido y producido, respectivamente, se alcanza rentabilidad con los precios del ganado de 2010. Se comprobó la hipótesis que la rentabilidad depende de la escala productiva y su interrelación con los escenarios contemplados.
Resumo:
El proceso de re-regulación económica que se puso en marcha desde el año 2003 ha sido orientado a producir compensaciones financieras y técnicas a los agentes rurales que no pueden ganar suficiente dinero como para invertir en sus actividades. Desafortunadamente, la política pública no ha sido capaz de hacer frente a las desigualdades estructurales que han tenido lugar en las regiones periféricas de la Argentina desde principios del siglo XIX. Proponemos reconocer esta falta de políticas públicas adecuadas y poner en marcha un debate que focalice en la problemática de la capacidad de negociación en las áreas rurales, donde los pequeños campesinos están tratando de sobrevivir
Resumo:
El proceso de re-regulación económica que se puso en marcha desde el año 2003 ha sido orientado a producir compensaciones financieras y técnicas a los agentes rurales que no pueden ganar suficiente dinero como para invertir en sus actividades. Desafortunadamente, la política pública no ha sido capaz de hacer frente a las desigualdades estructurales que han tenido lugar en las regiones periféricas de la Argentina desde principios del siglo XIX. Proponemos reconocer esta falta de políticas públicas adecuadas y poner en marcha un debate que focalice en la problemática de la capacidad de negociación en las áreas rurales, donde los pequeños campesinos están tratando de sobrevivir
Resumo:
El proceso de re-regulación económica que se puso en marcha desde el año 2003 ha sido orientado a producir compensaciones financieras y técnicas a los agentes rurales que no pueden ganar suficiente dinero como para invertir en sus actividades. Desafortunadamente, la política pública no ha sido capaz de hacer frente a las desigualdades estructurales que han tenido lugar en las regiones periféricas de la Argentina desde principios del siglo XIX. Proponemos reconocer esta falta de políticas públicas adecuadas y poner en marcha un debate que focalice en la problemática de la capacidad de negociación en las áreas rurales, donde los pequeños campesinos están tratando de sobrevivir
Resumo:
Se aborda en este trabajo el marco jurídico de las indemnizaciones que corresponden a los titulares de bienes y derechos distintos del suelo, para revisar a continuación la casuística que la jurisprudencia ha desarrollado sobre el resarcimiento de los daños y perjuicios ocasionados a los titulares de actividades económicas cuando éstas deben trasladarse por resultar incompatibles con la ejecución del planeamiento. Bajo la rúbrica de «traslado de industria», la jurisprudencia ha reconocido distintos supuestos indemnizatorios que, sin constituir un catálogo cerrado, permiten la identificación de los elementos comunes a la mayor parte de las situaciones juzgadas. The legal context of the compensations that holders of properties, and different rights are entitled, is approached in this work, revising next the casuistry that jurisprudence has developed about compensation of damages caused to holders of financial activities when these turned out incompatible with the execution of plans and must be moved. Jurisprudence has admitted different data of compensation under the round off «moving industry», which enable to identify the common interests of the most part of the judged situations
Resumo:
While studies of the regulation of gene expression have generally concerned qualitative changes in the selection or the level of expression of a gene, much of the regulation that occurs within a cell involves the continuous subtle optimization of the levels of proteins used in macromolecular complexes. An example is the biosynthesis of the ribosome, in which equimolar amounts of nearly 80 ribosomal proteins must be supplied by the cytoplasm to the nucleolus. We have found that the transcript of one of the ribosomal protein genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, RPL32, participates in such fine tuning. Sequences from exon I of the RPL32 transcript interact with nucleotides from the intron to form a structure that binds L32 to regulate splicing. In the spliced transcript, the same sequences interact with nucleotides from exon II to form a structure that binds L32 to regulate translation, thus providing two levels of autoregulation. We now show, by using a sensitive cocultivation assay, that these RNA structures and their interaction with L32 play a role in the fitness of the cell. The change of a single nucleotide within the 5' leader of the RPL32 transcript, which abolishes the site for L32 binding, leads to detectably slower growth and to eventual loss of the mutant strain from the culture. Experiments designed to assess independently the regulation of splicing and the regulation of translation are presented. These observations demonstrate that, in evolutionary terms, subtle regulatory compensations can be critical. The change in structure of an RNA, due to alteration of just one noncoding nucleotide, can spell the difference between biological success and failure.
Resumo:
Water availability in adequate quantities and qualities is a fundamental requirement for tourism. In the Mediterranean, one of the world’s leading tourist destinations, water availability is subject to modest and erratic precipitation figures which may decline with climate change. The tourist industry therefore may have to assure future supplies by either recurring to new technologies such as desalination or increasing efficiency in water use. A third and yet little explored alternative would be to seek for complementary of uses with irrigation, the traditional user in many coastal Mediterranean areas and holder of substantial amounts of water. In this paper we present the example of the Consorcio de Aguas de la Marina Baja to show how Benidorm, in Mediterranean Spain and one of the most important tourist centers of the Mediterranean, obtains part of its water through agreements with farmers by which these trade their water with Benidorm and other towns’ treated wastewater of enough quality to be used for irrigation, and obtain several compensations in return. The advantages and disadvantages of the water trade between farmers and tourist interests in the Benidorm area are discussed and we argue that solutions to the pending water crisis of many coastal Mediterranean tourist areas may not need to rely uniquely on expensive technologies to generate new resources but may attempt other alternatives.
Resumo:
En la primera parte del artículo se aborda el problema que ha de afrontar el estadista Antonio Maura al convertirse en el jefe del gobierno español, a finales de 1903 y consistente en concluir el proceso de negociación sobre Marruecos entablado con Francia desde 1901. Se resalta el carácter continuista del ideario colonial de Maura con respecto al del anterior líder conservador, Silvela, y la preponderancia de cuestiones como la seguridad nacional como motivadoras de dicho ideario. En la segunda parte, se explica la apelación del gobierno maurista a una ayuda por parte de Alemania, en función de movimientos previos de la diplomacia germana que se había interesado por controlar una parte del Marruecos español, o por conseguir compensaciones en Fernando Po. Finalmente se analiza el intento de Berlín de instrumentalizar al gobierno Maura en el curso de las conversaciones hispano-francesas sobre el Imperio jerifiano.
Resumo:
Introducción: El objetivo de esta investigación es conocer y estudiar el perfil de la persona beneficiaria de la prestación de asistencia personal, una de las prestaciones del Catálogo de servicios y prestaciones del Sistema para la Autonomía y Atención a la Dependencia. Material y métodos: Mediante un estudio observacional descriptivo de prevalencia, se persigue conocer el perfil de las personas beneficiarias de la prestación de asistencia personal y el grado de implantación de la misma. Resultados: Los datos nos muestran que la prestación económica de asistencia personal sigue siendo, dentro del catálogo de servicios y prestaciones del Sistema, una de las modalidades de atención de menor resolución en Galicia y en el conjunto del Estado. Discusión: La figura de asistente personal no ha conseguido establecerse, hasta el momento, como un servicio de referencia para las personas con diversidad funcional. En el presente trabajo identificamos una serie de factores que entendemos dificultan el desarrollo de esta prestación y la implantación efectiva de la misma.
Resumo:
The Eastern enlargement is about to be decided by the European Council. As expected, the “end game “ of the negotiations and assessments is heavily biased by a narrow perspective on net transfers, on income compensations to Central European farmers and on the psychological politics of a single “big bang “. None of these three so-called key items of the end game are of much relevance to appreciate the significance of enlargement. Net transfers have little to do with the costs and benefits of club membership for countries which pay, and can lead to addiction and lethargy rather than extra growth if market integration, macro-economic stability and domestic reforms are not taken serious (as the case of Greece before 1997 has demonstrated). Income compensations for Eastern farmers are crucial for this pressure group, and symbolically of some importance in domestic politics because of the perversity that rich farmers get more, but their absence is likely to serve the public interest in candidate countries far better. And being part of the big bang, as against getting in one or three years later, has assumed a dramatic meaning during this end game, far beyond its true proportions. This hectic European theatre tends to obscure what enlargement is mainly about, now that the stability and values have been secured for the peoples from Central Europe. In a guaranteed setting of peace, freedom and security, enlargement is about greater prosperity.
Resumo:
This paper highlights the context within which business process outsourcing (BPO) has rapidly grown in India and the critical need to investigate the dynamics of human resource management (HRM) practices and systems in this sector. Using a mixed-method approach involving both in-depth interviews and self-completing questionnaires, we analyze the nature of HRM systems in BPO organizations operating in India. The analysis is based on a sample of 51 BPO companies, a majority of which are located near the capital of New Delhi. The results focus on the nature and structure of work and organization of Indian BPOs, as well as the strategic role played by HRM in such organizations. Furthermore, the findings highlight the way specific HRM practices such as recruitment, performance appraisal, training and development, and compensations are implemented. Our study suggests the existence of formal, structured, and rationalized HRM systems in Indian BPOs. A number of insights related to HRM policies and practices are shared by the HR managers interviewed shedding more light on the inner workings of the Indian BPO companies and their challenges. The analysis provides original and useful information to both academics and practitioners and opens avenues for future research on the nature of HRM systems and practices in the Indian BPO industry.
Resumo:
Theoretical articles on incentive systems almost excusively focus on linear compensations, while in practice, nonlinear elements, eg. quota bonuses are not uncommon. Our article tries to bridge that gap and show how the use of quotas can increase the owners’ profit.
Resumo:
Nueva España aportó la mayor parte de los recursos que sostuvieron a las fuerzas armadas españolas durante la guerra contra Gran Bretaña que se desarrolló en el Caribe entre 1779 y 1783. En el artículo se analizan las medidas a las que recurrieron las autoridades reales para obtener recursos extraordinarios del Consulado y varios mercaderes de la ciudad de México. Asimismo se exponen algunas de las contraprestaciones que negociaron a cambio de dichos servicios financieros y se plantean diversas hipótesis acerca de los motivos económicos, sociales y políticos que los llevaron a colaborar con el monarca, teniendo en cuenta los negocios que realizaban durante el conflicto bélico y la forma en que eran afectados por la reciente apertura comercial.