986 resultados para Civil Defense


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"The first stage is covered in the initial policy document titled 'Evacuation and reception,' dated February 1, 1954."

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Title from label mounted on cover.

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Includes index.

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Mode of access: Internet.

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"May 1969"--P. 16.

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Each issue has individual title

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"Supersedes IG-14-2, dated July 1956"

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Supersedes U.S. Office of Civil Defense. Annual Report

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Title Varies: Interim Statistical Report; Progress Report

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Mode of access: Internet.

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"Satellite broadcast, September 21-23, 1999."

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"IG #170."

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Successively Issued by: Federal Civil Defense Administration; Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization

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This article examines how civilian defense militias shape violence during civil war. We define civilian defense forces as a sedentary and defensive form of pro-government militia that incumbents often use to harness the participation of civilians during a counterinsurgency campaign. We argue that civilian defense forces reduce the problem of insurgent identification. This leads to a reduction in state violence against civilians. However, we also claim that these actors undermine civilian support for insurgents, which leads to an increase in rebel violence against civilians and overall intensification of conflict. A statistical analysis of government and rebel violence against civilians from 1981 to 2005, and a qualitative assessment of a civilian defense force operating in Iraq from 2005 to 2009, offer strong support for our theoretical claims. These findings provide further insight into pro-government militias and their effects on violence. They also have wider ethical implications for the use of civilian collaborators during civil war.