Sulphur isotope analyses in the southern ocean and the central Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica

Sulphur isotope analyses are an important tool for the study of the natural sulphur cycle. On the northern hemisphere such studies of the atmospheric part of the cycle are practically impossible due to the high emission rate of anthropogenic sulphur. Merely in remote areas of the world such as the Antarctic 34S analyses can be used to identify the various sulphur sources (sea spray, biogenic und volcanic sources). We report here results of 34S measurements on sulphates from recent atmospheric precipitations (snow), lake waters, and salt efflorescences sampled in the Schirmacher Oasis and the Gruber Mountains, central Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica. By plotting the delta 34S of precipitation versus % sea-spray sulphate the isotopic composition of the excess sulphate (which is probably of marine-biogenic origin) is extrapolated to be +4 per mil. Lake water sulphate and atmospheric precipitations have a comparable sulphur isotope composition (about +5 per mil). The analyzed secondary sulphates from the salt efflorescences, mainly gypsum and a few water-soluble sulphatcs (hexahydrite, epsomite, burkeite. and pickeringite), vary in their isotopic composition between about -12 and +8 per mil. This wide scatter is probably due to chemical weathering of primary sulphides having different delta 34S values in the substratum.

Tectono-sedimentary evolution of the ’Numidian Formation’ and Lateral Facies (southern branch of the western Tethys): constraints for central-western Mediterranean geodynamics

The origin of the Numidian Formation (latest Oligocene to middle Miocene), characterized by ultra-mature quartzose arenites with abundant well-rounded frosted quartz grains, remains controversial. This formation, sedimented in the external domain of the Maghrebian Flysch Basin, displays three characteristic stratigraphic members with marked longitudinal (proximal–distal) and transverse (along-chain) variations with palaeogeographical importance. The origin of the Numidian supply is related to the outward tectogenetic propagation when a forebulge evolved in the African foreland, leading to the erosion of African cratonic areas rich in quartzose arenites (Nubian Sandstone-like). The ages of the Numidian Formation checked by Betic, Maghrebian and Southern Apennine data suggest a timing for the accretionary orogenic wedge, earlier in the Betic-Rifian Arc (after middle Burdigalian), later in the Algerian-Tunisian Tell (after late Burdigalian) and afterwards in Sicily and the Southern Apennines (after Langhian). A geodynamic evolutionary model for the central-western Mediterranean is proposed.

New interatheriines (Interatheriidae, notoungulata) from the Paleogene of central Chile and southern Argentina / Ralph B. Hitz -- [et al.].

n.s. no.42(2000)

Central China and Southern Mongolia, 1750 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Carte de l'empire de Hya et partie de Tangut : pour servir a l'Histoire générale des voyages, tirée des auteurs anglois par N. Bellin ; J.V. Schley direx. It was published by Pierre de Hondt in 1750. Scale [ca. 1:9,000,000]. Covers the Central China and Southern Mongolia region. Map in French and Dutch.The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Asia North Lambert Conformal Conic coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, roads, and more. Shows also the Great Wall of China and the travels of Genghis Khan. Relief shown pictorially.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Southern, Central, & Eastern Africa, 1655 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Basse Aethiopie, qui comprend les Royaume de Congo, coste, et pays des Cafres, empires du Monomatapa, Monoemugi : la coste deça le Cap Negre est tirée en partie de Samuel Blommaert ; en dela, avecq l'Isle de Madagascar, de Sanuto ; le dedans du pays, d'autres, par N. Sanson. I. Somer Pruthenus Sculp. It was published by Chez Pierre Mariette in 1655. Scale [ca. 1:11,250,000]. Covers portions of Southern, Central, and Eastern Africa. Map in French.The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Africa Sinusoidal projected coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, territorial boundaries, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown pictorially.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Southern, Central, & Eastern Africa, ca. 1730 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Carte de l'Afrique meridionale : ou pays entre la ligne & le cap de Bonne Esperance et l'isle de Madagascar, par la veuve de Nicolas Visscher avec privilege. It was published by Chez Henry de Leth, Marchand de l'Estampes près de la Boursse ca. 1730. Scale [ca. 1:12,250,000]. Covers portions of Southern, Central, and Eastern Africa. Map in French and Dutch.The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Africa Sinusoidal projected coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, territorial boundaries, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown pictorially. Includes notes and insets: [Cabo de Bon Esperanca], Elevation du port et Mont Table au Cap de Bonne Esperance and Plan du port et Mont Table au Cap de Bonne Esperance.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Southern, Central, & Eastern Africa, ca. 1720-1729 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Carte Du Congo et du Pays Des Cafres, par G. de L'Isle, de l'Academie Royale des Sciences. It was published by Chez Jean Cóvens et Corneille Mortier, Géographes between 1720 and 1729. Scale [ca. 1:9,100,000]. Covers Central and Southern Africa from N 2 degrees southward, including Madagascar, Reunion, Mauritius and the Seychelles. Map in French.The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Africa Sinusoidal projected coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, roads, territorial boundaries, shoreline features, and more. Includes notes.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Russia's policy in the Southern Caucasus and Central Asia. OSW Study 23/2006

The Southern Caucasus and Central Asia are priority areas for the foreign policy of the Russian Federation. Russia mainly sees its influence in both regions as an important factor determining its international stature, and as a precondition for reinforcing its position as a world power. The Caucasus and Central Asia are also important for Russia from the points of view of economy, especially because of those area's natural resource wealth, and security, as both regions generate serious potential threats to the Russian Federation, including Islamic fundamentalism, terrorism, the drugs trade and illegal migration.

Grain size distribution analysis of prominent beds on Southern Central Chilean seamounts

Gravity cores obtained from isolated seamounts located within, and rising up to 300 m from the sediment-filled Peru-Chile Trench off Southern Central Chile (36°S-39°S) contain numerous turbidite layers which are much coarser than the hemipelagic background sedimentation. The mineralogical composition of some of the beds indicates a mixed origin from various source terrains while the faunal assemblage of benthic foraminifera in one of the turbidite layers shows a mixed origin from upper shelfal to middle-lower bathyal depths which could indicate a multi-source origin and therefore indicate an earthquake triggering of the causing turbidity currents. The bathymetric setting and the grain size distribution of the sampled layers, together with swath echosounder and sediment echosounder data which monitor the distribution of turbidites on the elevated Nazca Plate allow some estimates on the flow direction, flow velocity and height of the causing turbidity currents. We discuss two alternative models of deposition, both of which imply high (175-450 m) turbidity currents and we suggest a channelized transport process as the general mode of turbidite deposition. Whether these turbidites are suspension fallout products of thick turbiditic flows or bedload deposits from sheet-like turbidity currents overwhelming elevated structures cannot be decided upon using our sedimentological data, but the specific morphology of the seamounts rather argues for the first option. Oxygen isotope stratigraphy of one of the cores indicates that the turbiditic sequences were deposited during the last Glacial period and during the following transition period and turbiditic deposition stopped during the Holocene. This climatic coupling seems to be dominant, while the occurrence of megathrust earthquakes provides a trigger mechanism. This seismic triggering takes effect only during times of very high sediment supply to the shelf and slope.

The Mexican and central states of America; together with the southern part of the United States of North America

Cover title: Mexico

Forest insect conditions in central and southern Rocky Mountains, 1960.

Mode of access: Internet.

The role of the U.S. Southern Command in Central America : hearing before the Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere Affairs of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, Ninety-eighth Congress, second session, August 1, 1984.

Mode of access: Internet.