A Study of Shallow Groundwater Migration through Anthropogenic Fill along a Seawall

This report provides the findings and opinions of a historical document review, hydraulic balance calculation, and proposed additional study for a property that was historically used as a bulk petroleum storage and distribution facility. The property lies along the base, west, of a heavily vegetated bluff with a tidally influenced body of water west-adjacent to the property. The western portion of the property is bounded by a seawall spanning approximately 3,200 linear feet trending north-south. The seawall’s construction details are not known, save for a 225-foot section of driven sheet pile wall located within the northern portion of the property’s seawall. Due to the presence of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil and groundwater at the property, a cleanup action for the property will likely be overseen by the state regulatory agency. The property is currently undergoing remedial investigation in an effort to identify the lateral and vertical extent in which contaminants at the property have come to be located, also known as the “site” as defined by the Model Toxics Control Act (MTCA). The majority of the property bounded within the seawall area has been characterized; however, the shoreline sediments located immediately west-adjacent of the seawall have not been properly delineated. Identifying the bounds of the site to the west within sediment is pivotal for the purposes of the remedial investigation. Since the west-adjacent shoreline is so extensive, conducting a complete sediment sampling event along the entire shoreline would be cost-prohibitive due to analytical costs and logistical issues at the property. Because of the extensive nature of the shoreline, it would greatly benefit the client and project to focus sampling efforts at areas of greater risk for contaminants along the shoreline by identifying potential preferential pathways for contaminants to migrate off of the property and into adjacent shoreline sediments. The review of historical studies of the property yielded some useful information; however much of the findings included within the historical studies were lacking original raw data, therefore limiting the information obtained. The calculated hydraulic balance for the property yielded a relatively large surplus of recharge to groundwater after precipitation events, reinforcing the concept that contaminant have potentially historically, and currently, been migrating into the adjacent shoreline through preferential pathways along the seawall. Due to the limitation within the historical studies for the property as well as the groundwater recharge identified in the hydraulic balance, an additional study was proposed in an effort to provide additional aquifer characteristics along the seawall, and the ability to observe flow propagation at and proximate to the seawall in two-dimensions through time without the need to piece separate studies together. This proposed study includes a single simultaneous tidal study which comprises select monitoring points along the seawall. This report has identified the need for additional data that can be collected through available avenues for the property based upon the client’s desires and project needs. Ultimately, the proposed additional study is suggested based upon its relatively low capital investment, and ability meet the requirements relevant to the specific project needs and scope. Assuming preferential pathways are identified through the additional study proposed within this report, a representative and cost-effective sediment sampling plan can then be put in place in an effort to define the site.

Bottom-up risk regulation? How nanotechnology risk knowledge gaps challenge federal and state environmental agencies

Nanotechnologies have been called the "Next Industrial Revolution." At the same time, scientists are raising concerns about the potential health and environmental risks related to the nano-sized materials used in nanotechnologies. Analyses suggest that current U.S. federal regulatory structures are not likely to adequately address these risks in a proactive manner. Given these trends, the premise of this paper is that state and local-level agencies will likely deal with many "end-of-pipe" issues as nanomaterials enter environmental media without prior toxicity testing, federal standards, or emissions controls. In this paper we (1) briefly describe potential environmental risks and benefits related to emerging nanotechnologies; (2) outline the capacities of the Toxic Substances Control Act, the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, and the Resources Conservation and Recovery Act to address potential nanotechnology risks, and how risk data gaps challenge these regulations; (3) outline some of the key data gaps that challenge state-level regulatory capacities to address nanotechnologies' potential risks, using Wisconsin as a case study; and (4) discuss advantages and disadvantages of state versus federal approaches to nanotechnology risk regulation. In summary, we suggest some ways government agencies can be better prepared to address nanotechnology risk knowledge gaps and risk management.

Institutional bases for control of nonpoint source pollution under the Clean Water Act, with emphasis on agricultural nonpoint sources /

Mode of access: Internet.

An act to provide for the management and control, and for the extension of the usefulness of the state library.

Mode of access: Internet.

Oversight of the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 and the federal drug strategy [microform] : hearing before the Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Control, House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, first session, December 8, 1987.

"SCNAC-100-1-19."

Final report to Congress, The Streambank Erosion Control Evaluation and Demonstration Act of 1974, Section 32, Public Law 93-251 : Main report, supplemented by appendices A-H in separate volumes /

Main report -- Appendix A. Literature survey -- Appendix B. Hydraulic research -- Appendix C. Geotechnical research -- Appendix D. Ohio River demonstration projects -- Appendix F. Missouri River demonstration projects (2 v.) -- Appendix F. Yazoo River Basin demonstration projects -- Appendix G. Demonstration projects on other streams, nationwide (2 v.) -- Appendix H. Evaluation of existing projects (2 v.).

[Publications on pest control products act]

Made up set; title supplied.

Fiscal year 1983 arms control impact statements : statements submitted to the Congress by the President pursuant to section 36 of the Arms control and disarmament act.

March 1982

Improvement of rivers and harbors. Letter from the Secretary of the Army transmitting compilation of preliminary examination, survey, and review reports on river and harbor and flood-control improvements, authorized by the River and Harbor Act approved on May 17, 1950

Spine title: Preliminary examination, survey, and review reports on river and harbor and flood-control improvements

Illinois state reclamation plan for abandoned mined lands pursuant to Title IV of the Federal surface mining control and reclamation act of 1977 /

"July, 1980."

Illinois Swine Disease Control and Eradication Act (with regulations) /

Cover title.

Illinois state reclamation plan for abandoned mined lands pursuant to Title IV of the Federal Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 /

Funded by the U.S. Dept. of Interior, Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement.

Noxious weeds in Illinois; description and control. Illinois noxious weed law 2, 4-D and related Herbicide act.

Revisions in 1963 and 1970.

The Surface mining control and reclamation act of 1977 : report (of meeting) /

Cover title.

Fiscal year ... arms control impact statements : statements submitted to the Congress by the President pursuant to section 36 of the Arms Control and Disarmament Act.

Description based on: 1983.