Análise da produtividade agrícola da cana-de-açúcar nos estados de Mato Grosso do Sul e Goiás

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise da produtividade agrícola da cana-de-açúcar nos estados de Mato Grosso do Sul e Goiás

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Diagnóstico ambiental da área de influência do complexo sucroalcooleiro Usina Vale do São Simão Ltda

One of the most widespread renewable energy sources in Brazil is ethanol, from sugarcane, therefore, the sugar and alcohol sector is expanding, with positive impacts for the economy of the country. Sugar cane was introduced in Brazil as a crop during its colonization, for the production of sugar, and put the country in the global scenario. The expansion of this crop occurred in the seventies, to reduce the reliance in fossil energy sources and to stimulate the development of the agricultural activity. Thus, the federal government has promoted the sugar cane crop and the production of ethanol as a fuel. However, it is important to minimize possible impacts that the crop may cause to the environment. Sugar cane has expanded in the frontiers of the mesoregion of Triângulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaíba-MG, and, in this perspective, the agroindustrial complex known as Companhia Energética Vale do São Simão Ltda., with the Mill located in the county of Santa Vitória, Minas Gerais, was adopted to evaluate the environmental impacts caused by the sugarcane in the area of influence of the mill. The mill has a polygonal area corresponding to 53,525.20 hectares, and for its establishment a Study and Report of Environmental Impacts (EIA/RIMA) was presented, as required as an environment protection instrument by the Environment National Policy (Law nº 6.938/81), and detailed by the Resolution CONAMA nº 01/1986. These studies pointed that native vegetation fragments in the Area of Influence of the Mill, before its implantation, corresponded to approximately 20.7% of the area. Therefore, this study evaluated the impacts of the installation of Usina Vale do São Simão, between 2007 and 2012, determining its reflex on the environmental regularization of the farms, and the vegetation fragments existing in the area, in the recovery and recomposition of areas defined as Legal Reserve and Permanent Preservation. Previous studies of the area were analyzed, soil use and occupation was mapped for the years 2007 and 2012, and the areas of permanent preservation and native vegetation fragments were marked. In general, there was a decline in native vegetation coverage in the period, although it cannot be stated that such reduction was a direct effect of the milling activity. Therefore, the legal requirement of preserving such areas was not capable of bringing the positive effects of protection and recovery as demanded by the Law, highlighting that the current legislation was not enough to protect such areas.

Diário da Constituinte [gravação de vídeo] : [programa n. 755] 

Destaca que a nova Constituição pela primeira vez tem um capítulo sobre ciência e tecnologia. A nova Carta protege as empresas, preservando o mercado e permitindo assim a capacitação tecnológica. Constituintes fazem últimas assinaturas da nova Constituição antes de sua promulgação e comentam sobre a importância dela para o País.

Programa Espacial Brasileiro: militares, cientistas e a questão da soberania nacional

Esta tese versa sobre a análise de um dos grandes projetos tecnológicos do Estado nacional, o PEB, com o intuito de verificar em que medida o Brasil, enquanto País em desenvolvimento e inserido no processo de globalização econômica, tem a possibilidade de autodeterminar um projeto nacional de desenvolvimento relativamente soberano e sustentável, mediante sua capacitação tecnológica em áreas de ponta, como as tecnologias espaciais. Neste ínterim, é discutido o processo de institucionalização da ciência no País e a implantação de um moderno sistema de C&T no Brasil através de uma aliança entre cientistas e militares, culminando com a criação do CNPq em 1951. Apresentamos uma releitura da nossa recente história política e os projetos nacionais de desenvolvimento de que foi alvo o País, formulados pelos grupos sociais mais representativos da sociedade na época estudada, recuperando uma discussão que, estendendo-se por décadas, reservou à questão científica um lugar privilegiado no planejamento do Estado. O período da ditadura militar é especialmente contemplado, considerando-se ter sido esta a fase em que realmente o Programa Espacial Brasileiro sofreu maiores investimentos, conferindo aos militares um papel de destaque no quadro de atores sociais coletivos empenhados no projeto de desenvolvimento do País, destacando as diversas correntes ideológicas em ação dentro das Forças Armadas. Foi analisado o processo de globalização devido ao seu nexo interno e externo com as políticas científicas implantadas ou preconizadas no País. Esse processo, alavancado pela nova dinâmica tecnológica internacional iniciada nos anos 1980, estabeleceu profundos impactos e mudanças na constituição atual da esfera do político. Este é o cenário onde, de nosso ponto de vista, inscreve-se a questão da capacitação científico-tecnológica como variável estratégica em todos os níveis das relações internacionais. A compreensão desta problemática deve ser entendida como parte do cenário mundial que se configurou nas últimas décadas do século XX, tendo no entrelaçamento das dinâmicas científico-tecnológica e a soberania nacional dos Estados uma sinergia diferenciada na reordenação geopolítica contemporânea.

Queimadas na colheita da cana-de-açúcar: impactos ambientais, sociais e econômicos.

Atualmente a cultura da cana-de-açúcar no Brasil ocupa mais de oito milhões de hectares e faz do País o maior produtor mundial de cana e seus derivados. Nesse contexto, a região Centro-Sul responde por cerca de 90% da produção total. O Estado de São Paulo, maior produtor, vem buscando viabilizar a sustentabilidade desse agronegócio por meio de um protocolo de intenções, regido por lei, em que a prática da queima da palha da cana deve ser gradativamente reduzida até sua completa eliminação. A completa adoção da colheita mecanizada da cana-de-açúcar possibilitará maior ganho ambiental e resultará em menor emissão de poluentes atmosféricos e gases de efeito estufa, na melhoria da qualidade do solo, entre tantos outros ganhos. Ao deixar de queimar a palha da cana e fazer a colheita mecanicamente, as usinas e os produtores rurais conseguem reduzir os custos de produção e eliminar os encargos trabalhistas. O setor sucroalcooleiro é responsável por gerar grande número de empregos diretos e indiretos, e a proibição da queima da cana-de-açúcar como método de despalha acelera a mecanização da colheita e produz impactos negativos sobre o número de empregados da lavoura canavieira. Embora sejam criados empregos na indústria do açúcar e do álcool, há redução da força de trabalho na área agrícola. A ausência das queimadas traz benefícios à saúde e ao meio ambiente e produz ganhos econômicos para todo o setor. Entretanto, trará sérias consequências empregatícias para a mão de obra rural nos canaviais. Este estudo busca apresentar os impactos ambientais, sociais e econômicos da queima e da sua substituição pela colheita mecânica no agronegócio da cana-de-açúcar.

Inovação, cooperação e relações entre empresas: um estudo sobre o projeto APL metalmecânico na região do Grande ABC

Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Mestrado em Administração da Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul - USCS

Viabilidade econômica das vendas de veículos leves movidos a álcool hidratado

O presente trabalho apresentou inicialmente uma visão geral do setor sucroalcooleiro, pois considerou-se importante inteirar o leitor sobre o contexto que envolve o carro a álcool. O PROÁLCOOL mereceu uma análise mais detalhada por ter sido ele o programa que viabilizou, nos anos 80, altos níveis de comercialização deste tipo de veículo. A segunda parte de nosso estudo é composta pelo estudo econométrico das variáveis: preço álcool (na bomba), preço gasolina (na bomba), diferença de alíquota de IPI entre carros a álcool e à gasolina, crise de abastecimento e tendência. Tal estudo teve por objetivo analisar a influência destas variáveis na demanda de carros a álcool. Através dele constatou-se que embora vários autores defendam que o importante é a diferença percentual entre os preços gasolina/álcool, isso não se confirmou. Embora as variáveis tenham demonstrado influência sobre a demanda de carros a álcool hidratado, a perda da confiança do consumidor no veículo movido a este combustível, devido às crises de abastecimento, demonstrou ser o motivo principal para a não retomada do crescimento das vendas dos veículos a álcool. Faz-se necessário, portanto, medidas que garantam o abastecimento para que dessa forma haja uma reconquista da confiança do consumidor.

Acumulação de competências tecnológicas e suas implicações para performance operacional: análise comparativa de duas empresas do grupo Lupatec em Caxias do Sul - RS

This work focuses on the implications of accumulation of technological competences for improvement of operational performance indicators. This relationship is examined in two mechanical industry firms in Caxias do Sul-RS, in the period 1985-2000. Based on a comparative case study, this work finds its ground in both qualitative and quantitative empirical evidences, collected in different sources in the firms, which are being studied. The examination of accumulation of technological competences is done through a structure of analysis existing in literature, which is specifically adapted to the mechanical industry. The examination of performance improvement is based on a set of typical operational indicators pertaining to mechanical industry. Studies of this nature are already found, mainly in Latin American literature, since the eighties. But, the application of these analytic structures in industrializing firms in Brazil is found only in the nineties. This work shows that within a unique enterprise group there is a different accumulation of technological competences, and it demonstrates that this process is not automatic. Moreover, it contributes to explain not only the differences between both firms, in terms of operational performance at some points in time, but also, how both firms got to (or did not get to) improve their performance indicators along time. This conclusion is not different from that of previous studies, but it derives from a study made in a specific industry (mechanical), which has not yet been studied in the south of Brazil.

Acumulação de competências tecnológicas e os processos subjacentes de apredizagem: o caso da Invensis Appliances Controls Unidade Vacaria - RS

Esta dissertação enfoca o relacionamento entre acumulação de competências tecnológicas e os processos subjacentes de aprendizagem. Este relacionamento é examinado na empresa Invensys Appliance Controls Ltda. - Unidade de Vacaria/RS, durante o período de 1981 a 2000. Trata-se de uma empresa metal-mecânica, fornecedora da indústria de linha branca. Em outras palavras, a dissertação examina as implicações dos processos subjacentes de aprendizagem tecnológica para a acumulação de competências para três funções tecnológicas: processo e organização da produção, produtos e equipamentos. Os processos de aprendizagem são examinados à luz de quatro características: variedade, intensidade, funcionamento e interação, a partir do uso de estruturas de análise existente na literatura. Baseado em estudo de caso individual, este estudo encontrou que a maneira e a velocidade de acumulação de competências tecnológicas na empresa estudada estão associadas aos diversos processos usados para adquirir conhecimento tecnológico e convertê-lo em organizacional. Ademais, a simples incidência desses processos na empresa não garantiu na empresa uma implicação positiva para a acumulação de competências tecnológicas. Através do uso de estrutura existente na literatura, porém aplicada a uma indústria diferente de estudos anteriores, esta dissertação sugere que deve existir um esforço organizado, contínuo e integrado para geração e disseminação de conhecimento em toda a empresa a fim de que a acumulação de capacitação tecnológica seja acelerada na empresa.

Fusões, aquisições estratégicas, e capacidades tecnológicas inovadoras: evidências da indústria de telecomunicações multinacional

This dissertation studies the innovative technological capabilities available in the merger and acquisitions processes and the relationship between these processes with the technological capabilities accumulation to get convergence of technology and services. This study was examined in fourteen companies of the telecommunications industry during 2002 to 2007. Starting on 1990 there were from one end a profusion of studies on the technological capabilities as source of competitive advantages; from another end there are studies on merger and acquisitions with the objective to evaluate the motivations derived from technological factors and stimulation to the competition and the opening of the market. However few of the empirical studies of long stated period that examine the correlation of these events in the industry of telecommunications under the optics of the technological qualification in the level of the companies and for the strategic perspective of enterprise based on the dynamics abilities. An analytical framework already available in the literature was used to describe the contribution of the merger and acquisitions processes for the accumulation of innovative technological capabilities in the studied companies. However the framework was adapted specifically for the industry of Telecommunications. This dissertation also studies the importance of the strategic merger and acquisitions as organizational form in the complementation of technological capability for external sources. Such empirical evidences had been collected from information and data bases published for the own companies who had been examined in this dissertation. Regarding the results, it was found that: 1. In terms of participation with ingress technological capabilities in strategic merger and acquisitions the equipment manufacturers had entered with 71% to 55 of the technological capabilities and the service operator company had entered with 61% to 71 technological capabilities. 2. In terms of implications of the merger and acquisitions for the configuration of resultant technologic capabilities, it was found that the equipment manufacturers had increased 31% the ratio of convergence of technology and the operators of services had increased 4% the ratio for the change in the organizational structure. 3. Regarding the accumulation technological capability to obtain convergence of technology and services was verified the increase these technological capabilities after the merger and acquisitions process in the companies studied. Considering the limitation of this study, the evidences found in this dissertation suggest that the companies use the processes of strategic merger and acquisitions to search for external complementation of their knowledge base to compete in the globalization market. The result demonstrates that this movement has implied in an alteration and accumulation of capability from organization on innovative technological activities regarding the convergence of technology and services.

Processos de aprendizagem e acumulação de competências tecnológicas na indústria de injeção plástica: o caso da Multibrás da Amazônia S.A.

This resume focus the connection between the learning process and the technological competences evolution. It is based on business case of a plastic injection company named Multibras da Amazonia S/A, that manufacture plastic parts to electro- electronic industry assemblers, the study used the company evolution from 1983 to 2000. Its conclusion allowed to demonstrate, how the theories developed by Figueiredo (2001) can be used to describe the technological competences and the learning process, and on it's scale from 1 to 6 the Multibras case has reached the level 5. Based on the business case, the study confirmed how the technological competences learning process and accumulation is linked to an organizational knowledge. Using the theory basis, but applied to an industry case, different from all the previous studies, this resume shows that it's necessary to have a continuous, organized and integrated effort to generate and develop the knowledge evolution inside the company to make possible the technological competences accumulation on a fast and effective track.

Acumulação de competências tecnológicas e os processos subjacentes de aprendizagem na indústria Mmtal - mecânica : o caso da empresa AGCO comércio e indústria LTDA em Santa Rosa - RS

This dissertation enfoca the relationship between technological competences accumulation and the learning underlying processes. This relationship is examined in the company AGCO Comércio and Indústria Ltda, during the period of 1970 to 2000. It is of a company metal-mechanics, agricultural machines manufacturer. In other words, the dissertation examines the processes technological learning implications for aA technological competences accumulation in the company in study. The dissertation enfoca the competences accumulation for three technological functions: processes and organization, products and equipments. The learning processes are examined to the light of four characteristic: variety, intensity, operation and interaction, from the structure existing analysis use in the literature. Based on study of individual case, this study found that the technological competences ways to accumulation in the studied company are associates to the several processes used to acquire technological knowledge and converts him in organizacional. Ademais, the simple incidence of these processes in the company didn't guarantee in the company a positive implication for the technological competences accumulation. The company accumulated level middleman-superior technological competence (level 6) to accomplish production and function products function processes and organization activities, and intermediary level (level 5) to accomplish function equipments activities. In haves to characteristic key, the learning processes introduce an oscillation differentiated along time: the variety oscillated of moderated the several; the intensity of intermittent the continuous; the operation of bad the good; and the interaction of weak the strong. Through the existing structure use in the literature, however applied to a previous studies different industry, this dissertation suggests that must there be an organized , continuous effort and integrated for the knowledge generation and sowing in every company in order to the technological training accumulation be accelerated in the company.

Acumulação de competências tecnológicas e os processos subjacentes de aprendizagem na indústria de bens de capital: O caso KVAERNER PULPING no Brasil

This dissertation is concerned with the implications of the learning processes for the technological capability accumulation at the firm level. This relationship was examined in Kvaerner Pulping over the period from 1980 to 2000. The firm is located in Curitiba/PR and supplies equipment and complete plants (capital goods) for pulp mills. In other words, based on an individual case study, this dissertation examines how the learning processes influence the building and accumulation of technological capability. The accumulation of technological capabilities is crucial for the survival and the competitive performance of the firms. An analytical framework already available in the literature was used to describe the paths (way and speed) of technological capability accumulation in the firm studied. However, the framework was adapted specifically for the capital goods industry for the pulp & paper sector. The paths of technological capability accumulation are analysed for three different technological functions: ¿engineering activities and project management¿, ¿operational processes and practices¿ and ¿process equipment¿. The learning mechanisms were examined in the light of four key features: variety, intensity, functioning and interaction. During the 1980s and 1990s the firm accumulated different levels of technological capability in the technological functions studied. It was only when the firm started to coordinate systematically the efforts to acquire and convert the knowledge from the individual to the organizational level, at the mid 1990s, that the accumulation of technological capability was accelerated. By the end of this decade the firm was able to accumulate innovative capabilities in all the functions analysed. Similarly to previous studies that investigated other types of firms, the conclusion of this dissertation suggests that the way and rate by which the firm accumulates technological capability can be explained by the learning process and its key features over time.

Acumulação de competências tecnológicas em processos e produtos e aprendizagem tenológica: o caso da ELETROLUX do Brasil S/A - Unidade de Guabirotuba - Curitiba/PR

This dissertation is concerned with the implications of the learning process on the technological capabilities accumulation. This relationship was examined at the Electrolux do Brasil S/A ¿ Guabirotuba Unity ¿ in Curitiba/PR, over the period of 1980 to 2000. The Brazilian factory products White Goods destined to the Brazilian market as well as to exportation. The Swedish group Electrolux, to which the Brazilian factory belongs to, produces and sell goods to more then 150 countries. Regardless their importance, studies on the accumulation of technological capabilities and the underlying learning process are still scarce in Brazil, especially those focusing on the eletrodomestics products, and more specifically on the refrigerators and freezers industry. Based on a case study in the Electrolux do Brasil S/A, from 1980 to 2000, this investigation examined the influence of the learning process in the paths of the technological capabilities accumulation in the firm. The learning processes were analyzed in the light of the analytical framework proposed by Figueiredo (2001). This framework consists in four key features: variety, intensity, functioning and interaction. The technological capabilities accumulation were studied considering two technological functions: Process and Production Organization Activities and Products Activities. The evidences to classify and describe the paths of technological capabilities accumulation as well as to analyse the learning were mainly qualitative. This investigation joins other previous studies, in which there was noticed that the learning process have great involvement on technical changes, playing a relevant role on the technological capabilities of a company. Based on the investigation done and on the practical utilization of the analytical structure proposed by Figueiredo (2001), we infer that the way and the speed of technological capabilities accumulation are related to how the various learning processes were used by the company. One implied that, in levels from one to six, the studied company cumulated capabilities to level (5). Regarding technological competence, it approached industrialized countries firms, which present level (6), advanced.