Comportamento Alimentar da Tilápia Vermelha (Oreochromis niloticus x Oreochromis aureus) Arraçoada com Diferentes Aditivos

The objective of this study was to evaluate the attractive capacity and palatability of a commercial extruded diet flavored with the following coats: fish oil (1%); fish oil (1%) + citric acid (.1%); fish oil (1%) + phosphoric acid (.1%); commercial coat (1%) and dende oil (1%), and the control treatment (absence of coat). The red tilapias feeding behavior was evaluated using a complete randomized experimental design, with 72 observations per treatment. Six 750-L aquariums were used; with three fish (100 +/- .50 g) per aquarium. They had access to the diets, through a couple choice (control x test), in a surface round feeder (feedings), disposed on the opposite lateral of the aquariums. The animals were evaluated during fifteen minutes, twice a day. Due to the use of the chemical substances that did not potencialyzed the feeding response of the red tilapia, it was observed that the usual commercial coat and fish oil did not present an effective addictive to stimulate the ingestion of the extruded diet. Only the commercial coat was lightly capable to provoke confrontation during the feeding process.

Clinical, radiographic, biochemical and histological findings of florid cemento-osseous dysplasia and report of a case

A displasia cemento-óssea florida tem sido descrita como uma condição que afeta tipicamente os maxilares de mulheres negras de meia idade. Ela geralmente se manifesta como múltiplas massas radiopacas semelhantes ao cemento distribuídas nos maxilares. Esta condição também tem sido classificada por vários autores como cementoma gigantiforme, osteomielite esclerosante crônica, osteíte esclerosante e massas de cemento escleróticas. Os autores apresentam um caso de displasia cemento-óssea florida não complicada em uma mulher negra de 48 anos de idade. Múltiplas massas escleróticas com bordas radiolúcidas na mandíbula foram identificadas radiograficamente. Os achados histopatológicos revelaram formação de massas escleróticas densas calcificadas semelhantes ao cemento. Todos os aspectos clínicos, radiográficos, bioquímicos e histológicos foram sugestivos do diagnóstico de displasia cemento-óssea florida.

Validação cruzada com correção de autovalores e regressão isotônica nos modelos de efeitos principais aditivos e interação multiplicativa

This paper presents an application of AMMI models - Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction model - for a thorough study about the effect of the interaction between genotype and environment in multi-environments experiments with balanced data. Two methods of crossed validation are presented and the improvement of these methods through the correction of eigenvalues, being these rearranged by the isotonic regression. A comparative study between these methods is made, with real data. The results show that the EASTMENT & KRZANOWSKI (1982) method selects a more parsimonious model and when this method is improved with the correction of the eigenvalues, the number of components are not modified. GABRIEL (2002) method selects a huge number of terms to hold back in the model, and when this method is improved by the correction of eigenvalue, the number of terms diminishes. Therefore, the improvement of these methods through the correction of eigenvalues brings a great benefit from the practical point of view for the analyst of data proceeding from multi-ambient, since the selection of numbers of multiplicative terms represents a profit of the number of blocks (or repetitions), when the model AMMI is used, instead of the complete model.

Qualidade e valor nutritivo de silagens de capim-marandu (B. brizantha cv. Marandu) produzidas com aditivos ou forragem emurchecida

Avaliaram-se a qualidade e o valor nutritivo de silagens de capim-marandu produzidas com polpa cítrica (PC) peletizada, com aditivo enzimático-bacteriano (ABE) ou com forragem emuchercida (E): T1 - forragem sem tratamento (controle); T2 - 10% de polpa cítrica peletizada (PC); T3 - aditivo enzimático bacteriano (AEB - SIL-ALL-C4 da Alltech), à base de 5 g/L de água/t de forragem; T4 - forragem picada grosseiramente emurchecida por 4 horas ao sol. O capim foi colhido aos 60 dias de rebrota (24% MS). Para avaliar o consumo e a digestibilidade das silagens, foram utilizados 16 novilhos mestiços com 200 kg de PV, que receberam, além das silagens, 1,0 kg de concentrado/animal/dia. O AEB não afetou a composição da silagem, mas a PC e o E aumentaram o teor de MS de 24% para 31 e 48%, respectivamente, e reduziram o pH e os teores de N-NH3 das silagens, que foram, respectivamente, de 4,17 e 4,58 e 6,78 e 7,99% NT. A PC diminuiu os teores de FDN e FDA em 12 e 4 unidades percentuais. O consumo de MS da silagem produzida com capim emurchecido foi superior (111,8 g MS/PV0,75) ao das silagens controle ou com AEB, mas não diferiu do obtido para a silagem com PC, que também não diferiu das demais. Os tratamentos não afetaram a digestibilidade, cujas médias para MS, PB, CT, FDN, FDA e NDT foram 67,0; 65,4; 68,8; 63,0; 62,5; e 65,6%, respectivamente. A PC e o E reduziram a proteólise e estimularam o consumo. A PC, o E e o AEB não melhoraram o valor nutritivo da silagem de capim-marandu colhido com 24% MS.

Efeitos genéticos aditivos diretos e maternos e heterozigóticos sobre os desempenhos pré e pós-desmama em uma população multirracial Aberdeen Angus × Nelore

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Influência da utilização de aditivos químicos no perfil da fermentação, no valor nutritivo e nas perdas de silagens de cana-de-açúcar

Avaliou-se o efeito do uso de aditivos químicos nas perdas de matéria seca, no perfil fermentativo e no valor nutritivo de silagens de cana-de-açúcar. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições por tratamento (sete tratamentos). Os seguintes aditivos foram utilizados na confecção das silagens: controle (sem aditivo), L. buchneri, óxido e carbonato de cálcio em doses de 1,0 e 1,5% da massa verde e sulfato de cálcio a 1,0% da massa verde, diluídos em 40 litros de água por tonelada de forragem. As variáveis analisadas foram: perdas totais e gasosas, produção de efluente, recuperação de matéria seca, composição química e valor nutritivo. As menores perdas fermentativas e gasosas foram observadas nas silagens com óxido ou carbonato de cálcio, que resultaram em maior taxa de recuperação de matéria seca. da mesma forma, as silagens tratadas com estes aditivos apresentaram maior teor de carboidratos solúveis residuais e de ácido lático e reduzida fermentação alcoólica. As silagens tratadas com óxido e carbonato apresentaram, no momento da abertura, maior teor de cinzas, menor concentração de componentes fibrosos e maiores coeficientes digestibilidade da matéria seca e da matéria orgânica. O teor de proteína encontrado nessas silagens foi semelhante ao observado na forragem fresca. A ensilagem de cana-de-açúcar com L. buchneri e sulfato de cálcio possibilitou a obtenção de desempenho similar ao determinado com a silagem sem aditivos. Silagens tratadas com carbonato e óxido de cálcio apresentam maior desempenho durante o processo fermentativo.

Effect of bleaching on the cemento-enamel junction

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of various bleaching agents on the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) of human teeth by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Methods: 30 intact teeth were selected and longitudinally sectioned, yielding 60 specimens. Thirty specimens served as controls; the other 30 were divided into six groups with five specimens each (n= 5) and bleached according to six protocols (Group 1: External bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide; Group 2: External bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide; Group 3: External bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide; Group 4: Internal/external bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide; Group 5: Internal/external bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide; and Group 6: Intracoronal bleaching with a paste of sodium perborate mixed with 9% hydrogen peroxide). After treatment the specimens were prepared and examined in a scanning electron microscope. Results: the bleaching agents used in this study caused morphological changes in the CEJ and increased dentin exposure.

Aditivos na ensilagem do capim-elefante. I. Composição bromatológica das forragens e das respectivas silagens

The effect of the addition of ground ear corn with husks, wheat bran and saccharin, on the rate of 0, 8, 16 and 24% (dry weight of additive/wet weight of cut green grass), upon the chemical composition of both fodder and silage of Pennisetum purpureum Schum. cv. Guaçu was evaluated. A split-plot randomized block design was used. The plots were the additives and their levels and the sub-plots the material types (forage + additives and their silages). The grass was fertilized with 20 t/ha of green manure and 80, 160 and 160 kg/ha of P2O5, N and K2O, respectively. The material (chopped grass mixed with the levels of the additives) was ensiled in experimental silos (200 L plastic vessels). The dry matter percentages increased linearly as additive levels increased, being greater the effect of ground ear corn with husks. Wheat bran addition and saccharin increased the crude protein and soluble carbohydrates percentages while the ground ear corn with husks addition decreased them. Losses of dry matter soluble compounds (CP, ash and NFE) and a relative rise in the less soluble compounds (CF and organic matter) were observed.

Aditivos na ensilagem do capim-elefante. II. Qualidade das silagens amostradas por dois métodos

Silages of Pennisetum purpureum Schum. cv. Guaçu prepared with 0, 8, 16 and 24% of ground ear com with husks, wheat bran and saccharin, dry weight of additive/wet weight of green chop basis. The experimental design was a randomized blocks one in split-plot; the plots were the additives and levels, and the sub-plots the sampling methods. The material was ensiled using plastic vessels in middle of which holed pvc pipes (3 inches diameter) were put. These pipes (one per vessel) had the same length as the height of the vessels, and were filled at the same time and compacted the same way as the vessels. The first method of sampling used the material ensiled inside the pvc pipe, which was lifted out from the vessel at the moment of the silo opening. The other sampling method, normaly used in digestibility trials, consisted of samples composed by daily sub-samples collected in the vessels. The pvc sampling method was more efficient because it sampled a profile of the whole silage. All of the silages showed high percentages of lactic acid and low percentages or even absence of butyric acid, though in all silages high ammoniacal-N percentages were detected.

Aditivos na ensilagem do capim-elefante. III. Valor nutritivo e consumo voluntário e digestibilidade aparente em ovinos

The intake, the apparent digestibility and the nutritive value of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) silages prepared with the addition of 0, 8, 16 and 24% of ground ear corn with husks, wheat bran and saccharin, dry weight of additive/wet weight of green chop upon the silage were evaluated. A randomized block design with three replications, in a factorial arrangement (3 additives x 4 levels) was used. As experimental silos, 200-liter plastic vessels were used. Sheep weighing approximately 50 kg, kept in individual cages, receiving water and mineral mixture ad libitum, were used to measure the intake and apparent digestibility of silages. There was a ten-day period of adaptation to the experiment conditions. The voluntary intake of the silages was determined by the mean of the intake observed in the last three days of a ten-day period. The fecal collection period lasted for seven days. In this period the animals were fed 80% of the observed intake obtained in the previous phase. The dry matter intake increased as the levels of the additives in the silages were increased. The digestibility of the wall cell components decreased as the rates of the additives in the ensilage process increased. The silages prepared with wheat bran or ground ear corn with husks showed higher nutritive value than the ones with saccharin.

Aditivos na ensilagem do capim-elefante. IV. Fermentação ruminal em ovinos

The ruminai fermentation patterns of sheep fed elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) silage enriched with ground ear corn with husks, wheat bran and saccharin in the levels 0, 8, 16 and 24% dry weight of additive/wet weight of green chop was evaluated. A split-plot randomized block design was used. The plots were the additives and their levels and the sub-plots the time of rumen fluid collection (0, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 h after feeding). During the collection period, the sheep were fed 80% of the observed voluntary feed intake of the previous phase. For all additive types and levels used in preparing the silages, high levels of total volatile fat acids were observed, with predominance of the acetic acid. The silages having ground ear corn with husks as additive showed, in the ruminai fluid, ammonia production levels below the recommended for maximum microbial protein synthesis. However, silages with saccharin or wheat bran presented a good ammoniacal-N availability. In the ruminal fluid of the sheep fed ground ear corn with husks or wheat bran the molar proportion of butyric acid was increased and that of acetic acid and pH were decreased, as the levels of the additives in the silage increased.

Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia: A report of three cases

Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia (FCOD) is a non-neoplastic condition of the jaws that Is not associated with inflammation of the pulp or periodontal tissue. This article reports on three cases that were diagnosed as FCOD, demonstrating the importance of both clinical and radiographic diagnosis and the clinical management of these lesions.

Influência da queima e aditivos químicos e bacterianos na composição química de silagens de cana-de-açúcar

The objective of this trial was to evaluate the effect of the chemical (urea, sodium benzoate, and sodium hydroxide) and microbiological (Propionibacterium acidipropionici + Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus buchneri) additives on the sugarcane nutritive value, ensiled crude or after burned, using a factorial scheme 2 (burned or crude sugar cane) x 6 (five additives urea, sodium benzoate, sodium hydroxide, Propionibacterium acidipropionici + Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus buchneri plus control). It was evaluated the sugar cane chemical composition, before and after ensilage. The sugar cane NDF contents increased (51.3%, before ensilage) to 67.8% after fermentation period. The highest true digestible dry matter recovery values, 83.6 and 79.8% were observed on the burned sugar cane silage treated with NaOH or L. buchneri, respectively. The NaOH, and L. buchneri showed more efficiency in reducing nutritive looses during the fermentation phase of the crude or burned sugar cane silage.

Condiciones de competencia en el contexto internacional: cemento, azúcar y fertilizantes en Centroamérica

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Condiciones de competencia en el contexto internacional: cemento, azúcar y fertilizantes en Centroamérica

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