961 resultados para CADAVER KIDNEYS


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National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

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National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

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National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

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Mode of access: Internet.

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A summary of lectures given at the Santa Barbara cottage hospital. cf. Introd

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"Extracted from his recently completed work on Animal chemistry."-Pref.

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Background. In the Southeast United States, African Americans have an estimated incidence of hypertension and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) that is five times greater than Caucasians. Higher rates of low birth weight (LBW) among African Americans is suggested to predispose African Americans to the higher risk, possibly by reducing the number of glomeruli that develop in the kidney. This study investigates the relationships between age, race, gender, total glomerular number (N-glom), mean glomerular volume (V-glom), body surface area (BSA), and birth weight. Methods. Stereologic estimates of N-glom and V-glom were obtained using the physical disector/fractionator combination for autopsy kidneys from 37 African Americans and 19 Caucasians. Results. N-glom was normally distributed and ranged from 227,327 to 1,825,380, an 8.0-fold difference. A direct linear relationship was observed between N-glom and birth weight (r=0.423, P=0.0012) with a regression coefficient that predicted an increase of 257,426 glomeruli per kilogram increase in birth weight (alpha=0.050:0.908). Among adults there was a 4.9-fold range in V-glom , and in adults, V-glom was strongly and inversely correlated with N-glom (r=-0.640, P=0.000002). Adult V-glom showed no significant correlation with BSA for males (r=-0.0150, P=0.936), although it did for females (r=0.606, P=0.022). No racial differences in average N-glom or V-glom were observed. Conclusion. Birth weight is a strong determinant of N-glom and thereby of glomerular size in the postnatal kidney. The findings support the hypothesis that LBW by impairing nephron development is a risk factor for hypertension and ESRD in adulthood.

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This work was supported by the NHS Grampian project grant to MD, HMW and PAB, and Tenovus Scotland project grant to MD and NM. MD is funded by Diabetes UK and British Heart Foundation; NM was funded by the British Heart Foundation Intermediate Fellowship. EKL was funded by the BBSRC-DTG postgraduate studentship. This work was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health (RO1 DK-096311 to TWG).