Crystal structures of EtEDTB center dot 1.4C(2)H(5)OH center dot 5H(2)O and H4EtEDTB(ClO4)(4)center dot C2H5OH (EtEDTB=N, N, N ', N '-tetrakis[2-(1-ethylbenzimidazolyl)methyl]-1,2-ethanediamine)

The crystal structures of EtEDTB.1.4C(2)H(5)OH.5H(2)O 1 and H4EtEDTB(ClO4)(4).C2H5OH 2 (EtEDTB = N, N,N',N'-tetrakis[2-(1-ethylbenzimidazolyl)methyl]-1,2-ethanediamine) have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. Compound 1 crystallizes in the space group P(1) over bar with a = 11.489(2), b = 11.866(3), c = 12.002(3) Angstrom, alpha = 97.47(2), beta = 114.564(13), gamma = 114.11(2)degrees, V = 1266.6(5) Angstrom(3), Z = 1, M-r = 847.48, D-c = 1.111 g/cm(3), F(000) = 456 and mu(MoKalpha) = 0.076 mm(-1). A total of 5207 reflections were measured for 1, of which 4323 were independent. The structure of 1 was solved by direct methods and refined by full-matrix least-squares technique to the final R = 0.0706 and wR = 0.1802 for 1318 observed reflections with I > 2sigma(I). In the structure of 1, centrosymmetric EtEDTB molecules are linked by hydrogen bonds through water and ethanol to form 2-dimensional network. Compound 2 crystallizes in the space group C2/c with a = 24.260(5), b = 13.040(3), c = 17.680(4) Angstrom, beta = 97.50(3)degrees, V = 5545.2(2) Angstrom(3), Z = 4, M-r = 1140.80, D-c = 1.366 g/cm(3), F(000) = 2384 and mu(MoKalpha) = 0.289 mm(-1).

Humanisme, sociologie, philosophie : remarques sur la conception française de la culture générale / par C. Bouglé

Collection : Actualités scientifiques et industrielles ; n° 640

Where not to have a Heart Attack in Australia!: The Cardiac ARIA Index

Background/aims: Access to appropriate health care following an acute cardiac event is important for positive outcomes. The aim of the Cardiac ARIA index was to derive an objective, comparable, geographic measure reflecting access to cardiac services across Australia. Methods: Geographic Information Systems (GIS) were used to model a numeric-alpha index based on acute management from onset of symptoms to return to the community. Acute time frames have been calculated to include time for ambulance to arrive, assess and load patient, and travel to facility by road 40–80 kph. Results: The acute phase of the index was modelled into five categories: 1 [24/7 percutaneous cardiac intervention (PCI) ≤1 h]; 2 [24/7 PCI 1–3 h, and PCI less than an additional hour to nearest accident and emergency room (A&E)]: 3 [Nearest A&E ≤3 h (no 24/7 PCI within an extra hour)]: 4 [Nearest A&E 3–12 h (no 24/7 PCI within an extra hour)]: 5 [Nearest A&E 12–24 h (no 24/7 PCI within an extra hour)]. Discharge care was modelled into three categories based on time to a cardiac rehabilitation program, retail pharmacy, pathology services, hospital, GP or remote clinic: (A) all services ≤30 min; (B) >30 min and ≤60 min; (C) >60 min. Examples of the index indicate that the majority of population locations within capital cities were category 1A; Alice Springs and Byron Bay were 3A; and the Northern Territory town of Maningrida had minimal access to cardiac services with an index ranking of 5C. Conclusion: The Cardiac ARIA index provides an invaluable tool to inform appropriate strategies for the use of scarce cardiac resources.

Formation of two isomeric C3HO radicals from charged precursors in the gas phase. Potential interstellar molecules

Theoretical calculations of the C3HO potential surface at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVDu/B3LYP/6-31G* level indicate that the three radicals HCCCO, CCCHO, and (cyclo-C3H)=O are stable, with HCCCO being the most stable of the three. A fourth isomer, CCHCO, is unstable with respect to cyclization to (cyclo-C3H)=O. Two isomers have been prepared by neutralization of charged precursors, formed as follows: (i) HCCCO, by HC drop C-C(O)-O+(H)(Me) --> HC3O+ + MeOH, and (ii) C2CHO, by (a) Me3SiC drop C-CHO + HO- --> C- drop C-CHO + Me3SiOH and (b) C- drop C-CH(OH)-C drop CH --> C- drop C-CHO + C2H2. A comparison of the CR and -NR+ spectra of -C2CHO indicate that C2CHO is (partially) rearranging to an isomer that shows significant formation of CO.(+) in the -NR+ spectrum of the anion. Ab initio calculations indicate that HCCCO is the product of the isomerism and that a proportion of these isomerized neutrals dissociate to CO and C2H. The neutral HCCCO may be formed by (i) synchronous rearrangement of C2CHO and/or (ii) stepwise rearrangement of C2CHO through (cyclo-C3H)=O. The second of these processes should have the higher rate, as it has the lower barrier in the rate-determining step and the higher Arrhenius pre-exponential A factor.

A review of the potential role of greenhouse gas abatement in native vegetation management in Queensland's rangelands

Concern about the risk of harmful human-induced climate change has resulted in international efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere. We review the international and national context for consideration of greenhouse abatement in native vegetation management and discuss potential options in Queensland. Queensland has large areas of productive or potentially productive land with native woody vegetation cover with approximately 76 million ha with woody cover remaining in 1991. High rates of tree clearing, predominantly to increase pasture productivity, continued throughout the 1990s with an average 345,000 ha/a estimated to have been cleared, including non-remnant (woody regrowth) as well as remnant vegetation. Estimates of greenhouse gas emissions associated with land clearing currently have a high uncertainty but clearing was reported to contribute a significant proportion of Australia's total greenhouse gas emissions from 1990 (21%) to 1999 (13%). In Queensland, greenhouse emissions from land clearing were estimated to have been 54.5 Mt CO(2)-e in 1999. Management of native vegetation for timber harvesting and the proliferation of woody vegetation (vegetation thickening) in the grazed woodlands also represent large carbon fluxes. Forestry (plantations and native forests) in Queensland was reported to be a 4.4 Mt CO(2)-e sink in 1999 but there are a lack of comprehensive data on timber harvesting in private hardwood forests. Vegetation thickening is reported for large areas of the c. 60 million ha grazed woodlands in Queensland. The magnitude of the carbon sink in 27 million ha grazed eucalypt woodlands has been estimated to be 66 Mt CO(2)-e/a but this sink is not currently included in Australia's inventory of anthropogenic greenhouse emissions. Improved understanding of the function and dynamics of natural and managed ecosystems is required to support management of native vegetation to preserve and enhance carbon stocks for greenhouse benefits while meeting objectives of sustainable and productive management and biodiversity protection.

Precipitation-induced runoff and leaching from milled peat mining mires by peat types : a comparative method for estimating the loading of water bodies during peat pruduction

Precipitation-induced runoff and leaching from milled peat mining mires by peat types: a comparative method for estimating the loading of water bodies during peat production. This research project in environmental geology has arisen out of an observed need to be able to predict more accurately the loading of watercourses with detrimental organic substances and nutrients from already existing and planned peat production areas, since the authorities capacity for insisting on such predictions covering the whole duration of peat production in connection with evaluations of environmental impact is at present highly limited. National and international decisions regarding monitoring of the condition of watercourses and their improvement and restoration require more sophisticated evaluation methods in order to be able to forecast watercourse loading and its environmental impacts at the stage of land-use planning and preparations for peat production.The present project thus set out from the premise that it would be possible on the basis of existing mire and peat data properties to construct estimates for the typical loading from production mires over the whole duration of their exploitation. Finland has some 10 million hectares of peatland, accounting for almost a third of its total area. Macroclimatic conditions have varied in the course of the Holocene growth and development of this peatland, and with them the habitats of the peat-forming plants. Temperatures and moisture conditions have played a significant role in determining the dominant species of mire plants growing there at any particular time, the resulting mire types and the accumulation and deposition of plant remains to form the peat. The above climatic, environmental and mire development factors, together with ditching, have contributed, and continue to contribute, to the existence of peat horizons that differ in their physical and chemical properties, leading to differences in material transport between peatlands in a natural state and mires that have been ditched or prepared for forestry and peat production. Watercourse loading from the ditching of mires or their use for peat production can have detrimental effects on river and lake environments and their recreational use, especially where oxygen-consuming organic solids and soluble organic substances and nutrients are concerned. It has not previously been possible, however, to estimate in advance the watercourse loading likely to arise from ditching and peat production on the basis of the characteristics of the peat in a mire, although earlier observations have indicated that watercourse loading from peat production can vary greatly and it has been suggested that differences in peat properties may be of significance in this. Sprinkling is used here in combination with simulations of conditions in a milled peat production area to determine the influence of the physical and chemical properties of milled peats in production mires on surface runoff into the drainage ditches and the concentrations of material in the runoff water. Sprinkling and extraction experiments were carried out on 25 samples of milled Carex (C) and Sphagnum (S) peat of humification grades H 2.5 8.5 with moisture content in the range 23.4 89% on commencement of the first sprinkling, which was followed by a second sprinkling 24 hours later. The water retention capacity of the peat was best, and surface runoff lowest, with Sphagnum and Carex peat samples of humification grades H 2.5 6 in the moisture content class 56 75%. On account of the hydrophobicity of dry peat, runoff increased in a fairly regular manner with drying of the sample from 55% to 24 30%. Runoff from the samples with an original moisture content over 55% increased by 63% in the second round of sprinkling relative to the first, as they had practically reached saturation point on the first occasion, while those with an original moisture content below 55% retained their high runoff in the second round, due to continued hydrophobicity. The well-humified samples (H 6.5 8.5) with a moisture content over 80% showed a low water retention capacity and high runoff in both rounds of sprinkling. Loading of the runoff water with suspended solids, total phosphorus and total nitrogen, and also the chemical oxygen demand (CODMn O2), varied greatly in the sprinkling experiment, depending on the peat type and degree of humification, but concentrations of the same substances in the two sprinklings were closely or moderately closely correlated and these correlations were significant. The concentrations of suspended solids in the runoff water observed in the simulations of a peat production area and the direct surface runoff from it into the drainage ditch system in response to rain (sprinkling intensity 1.27 mm/min) varied c. 60-fold between the degrees of humification in the case of the Carex peats and c. 150-fold for the Sphagnum peats, while chemical oxygen demand varied c. 30-fold and c. 50-fold, respectively, total phosphorus c. 60-fold and c. 66-fold, total nitrogen c. 65-fold and c. 195-fold and ammonium nitrogen c. 90-fold and c. 30-fold. The increases in concentrations in the runoff water were very closely correlated with increases in humification of the peat. The correlations of the concentrations measured in extraction experiments (48 h) with peat type and degree of humification corresponded to those observed in the sprinkler experiments. The resulting figures for the surface runoff from a peat production area into the drainage ditches simulated by means of sprinkling and material concentrations in the runoff water were combined with statistics on the mean extent of daily rainfall (0 67 mm) during the frost-free period of the year (May October) over an observation period of 30 years to yield typical annual loading figures (kg/ha) for suspended solids (SS), chemical oxygen demand of organic matter (CODmn O2), total phosphorus (tot. P) and total nitrogen (tot. N) entering the ditches with respect to milled Carex (C) and Sphagnum (S) peats of humification grades H 2.5 8.5. In order to calculate the loading of drainage ditches from a milled peat production mire with the aid of these annual comparative values (in kg/ha), information is required on the properties of the intended production mire and its peat. Once data are available on the area of the mire, its peat depth, peat types and their degrees of humification, dry matter content, calorific value and corresponding energy content, it is possible to produce mutually comparable estimates for individual mires with respect to the annual loading of the drainage ditch system and the surrounding watercourse for the whole service life of the production area, the duration of this service life, determinations of energy content and the amount of loading per unit of energy generated (kg/MWh). In the 8 mires in the Köyhäjoki basin, Central Ostrobothnia, taken as an example, the loading of suspended solids (SS) in the drainage ditch networks calculated on the basis of the typical values obtained here and existing mire and peat data and expressed per unit of energy generated varied between the mires and horizons in the range 0.9 16.5 kg/MWh. One of the aims of this work was to develop means of making better use of existing mire and peat data and the results of corings and other field investigations. In this respect combination of the typical loading values (kg/ha) obtained here for S, SC, CS and C peats and the various degrees of humification (H 2.5 8.5) with the above mire and peat data by means of a computer program for the acquisition and handling of such data would enable all the information currently available and that deposited in the system in the future to be used for defining watercourse loading estimates for mires and comparing them with the corresponding estimates of energy content. The intention behind this work has been to respond to the challenge facing the energy generation industry to find larger peat production areas that exert less loading on the environment and to that facing the environmental authorities to improve the means available for estimating watercourse loading from peat production and its environmental impacts in advance. The results conform well to the initial hypothesis and to the goals laid down for the research and should enable watercourse loading from existing and planned peat production to be evaluated better in the future and the resulting impacts to be taken into account when planning land use and energy generation. The advance loading information available in this way would be of value in the selection of individual peat production areas, the planning of their exploitation, the introduction of water protection measures and the planning of loading inspections, in order to achieve controlled peat production that pays due attention to environmental considerations.

Thiol-Disulfide Interchange Mediated Reversible Dendritic Megamer Formation and Dissociation

We report the formation of dynamic, reversible cross-linked dendritic megamers and their dissociation to monomeric dendrimers, through a thiol-disulfide interchange reaction. For this study, poly(alkyl aryl ether) dendrimers up to three-generations presenting thiol functionalities, were prepared. The series from zero to three generations of dendrimers were installed with 3, 6, 12, and 24 thiol functionalities at their peripheries. Upon synthesis, cross-linking of the dendrimer was accomplished through disulfide bond formation. The cross-linking of dendrimers was monitored through optical density changes at 420 nm. Dense cross-linking led to visible precipitation of dendritic megamers and the morphologies of the megamers were characterized by transmission electron microscopy. The disulfide cross-links between megamer monomers could be dissociated readily upon reduction of disulfide bond by dithiothreitol reagent. Preliminary studies show that dendritic megamers encapsulate C-60 and the efficiency of encapsulation increased with increasing generation of dendritic megamer.

Hybrid peptide design. Hydrogen bonded conformations in peptides containing the stereochemically constrained gamma-amino acid residue, gabapentin

he crystal structure of 12 peptides containing the conformationally constrained 1-(aminomethyl)cyclohexaneacetic acid, gabapentin (Gpn), are reported. In all the 39 Gpn residues conformationally characterized so far, the torsion angles about the C-alpha-C-beta and C-beta-C-gamma bonds are restricted to the gauche conformation (+/- 60 degrees). The Gpn residue is constrained to adopt folded conformations resulting in the formation of intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded structures even in short peptides. The peptides Boc-Ac(6)c-Gpn-OMe 1 and Boc-Gpn-Aib-Gpn-Aib-OMe 2 provide examples of C-7 conformation; peptides Boc-Gpn-Aib-OH 3, Boc-Ac(6)c-Gpn-OH 4, Boc-Val-Pro-Gpn-OH 5, Piv-Pro-Gpn-Val-OMe 6, and Boc-Gpn-Gpn-Leu-OMe 7 provide examples of C-9 conformation; peptide Boc-Ala-Aib-Gpn-Aib-Ala-OMe 8 provides an example of C-12 conformation and peptides Boc-beta Leu-Gpn-Val-OMe 9 and Boc-beta Phe-Gpn-Phe-OMe 10 provide examples of C-13 conformation. Gpn peptides provide examples of backbone expanded mimetics for canonical alpha-peptide turns like the gamma (C-7) and the beta (C-10) turns. The hybrid beta gamma sequences provide an example of a mimetic of the C-13 alpha-turn formed by three contiguous alpha-amino acid residues. Two examples of folded tripeptide structures, Boc-Gpn-beta Phe-Leu-OMe 11 and Boc-Aib-Gpn-beta Phg-NHMe 12, lacking internal hydrogen bonds are also presented. An analysis of available Gpn residue conformations provides the basis for future design of folded hybrid peptides.

Thermo and photoluminescence properties of Eu3+ activated hexagonal, monoclinic and cubic gadolinium oxide nanorods

Different phases of Eu3+ activated gadolinium oxide (Gd (OH)(3), GdOOH and Gd2O3) nanorods have been prepared by the hydrothermal method with and without cityl trimethyl ammonium bromide (GAB) surfactant. Cubic Gd2O3:Eu (8 mol%) red phosphor has been prepared by the dehydration of corresponding hydroxide Gd(OH)(3):Eu after calcinations at 350 and 600 degrees C for 3 h, respectively. When Eu3+ ions were introduced into Gd(OH)(3), lattice sites which replace the original Gd3+ ions, a strong red emission centered at 613 nm has been observed upon UV illumination, due to the intrinsic Eu3+ transition between D-5(0) and F-7 configurations. Thermoluminescence glow curves of Gd (OH)(3): Eu and Gd2O3:Eu phosphors have been recorded by irradiating with gamma source ((CO)-C-60) in the dose range 10-60 Gy at a heating rate of 6.7 degrees C sec(-1). Well resolved glow peaks in the range 42-45, 67-76,95-103 and 102-125 degrees C were observed. When gamma-irradiation dose increased to 40 Gy, the glow peaks were reduced and with increase in gamma-dose (50 and 60 Gy) results the shift in first two glow peak temperatures at about 20 degrees C and a new shouldered peak at 86 degrees C was observed. It is observed that there is a shift in glow peak temperatures and variation in intensity, which is mainly attributed to different phases of gadolinium oxide. The trapping parameters namely activation energy (E), order of kinetics (b) and frequency factor were calculated using peak shape and the results are discussed. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

铁基激光熔覆合金设计及微观组织与性能研究

本文设计并制备了具有优良的强韧性能和高温性能的激光熔覆涂层。利用 SEM、TEMEY X－射线衍射仪等研究了涂层的化学成分、宏微观结构及其转变机制，同时研究了涂层强韧性及耐高温磨损性能及其影响机制。对激光溶覆涂层进行了合金化、微观组织、强韧化机制、加工工艺性能设计。合金系为 Fe-Cr-C-W-Ni，成分配比（质量分数），Fe:52-60%, Cr:24-30%, C:5-6%, W:4.5-7.5%, Ni:5-6%。强化机制为两相强化、亚结构强化及固溶强化，其中强化相为合金碳化物，基体相为合金元素过饱和度极高的韧性奥氏体。亚共晶及过共晶组织的领先凝固相分别为奥氏体及 M_7C_3 合金碳化物，两相共晶组织均为韧性相奥氏体和强化相 M_7C_3 合金碳化物。加工工艺控制领先凝固相的结构、组织演化及力学性能。熔覆组织在高温时效过程中形成大量新的碳化物。在过饱和奥氏体内部，可弥散析出细小的 Mc、M_2C 及 M_(23)C_6碳化物；在奥氏体与 M_7C_3 相界面，亚稳相M_7C_3发生原位转变，形成 M_(23)C_6 及 M_6C碳化物。激光熔覆合金具有较高的综合力学性能，熔覆涂层有高的显微硬度、优良的抗回火稳定性、显著的二次硬化特征、优异的抗磨粒磨损和冲击磨损性能。Fe-Cr-C-W-Ni 激光熔覆合金具有较低的裂纹形成倾向和良好的表面成形性能，这与奥氏体较高的高温韧塑性及合金的低熔点共晶特征密切相关；实验及理论分析表明，通过调整合金成分、激光工艺参数和后续热处理工艺，可获得具有不同强韧性能的熔覆涂层。

固氮菌突变种DJ35钼铁蛋白和UW3细菌铁蛋白的纯化、特性、晶体生长及鉴定

一、棕色固氮菌突变种DJ35固氮酶钼铁蛋白的纯化、体外重组及结晶研究 　　棕色固氮菌(Azotobacter vinelandii Lipmann)突变种DJ35的菌体破碎后，所得的未经加热的粗提物经DEAE Cellulose 52柱层析后得到部分纯的钼铁蛋白（ΔnifE Av1）和铁蛋白(Av2)。部分纯的ΔnifE Av1再经Sephacryl S-300和Q-Sepharose Fast Flow柱层析进一步纯化，便首次得到SDS凝胶电泳检测为基本纯的ΔnifE Av1。SDS-PAGE及Western blotting的结果表明，ΔnifE Av1具有与野生型棕色固氮菌钼铁蛋白(OP Av1)相同的亚基种类和组成（α2β2）。质子还原活性测定表明，在与Av2进行活性互补时ΔnifE Av1不具有明显的质子还原活性，而与从OP Av1抽提出的FeMoco抽提液保温后便可与Av2实现活性互补。这表明，ΔnifE Av1是一种缺失FeMoco的钼铁蛋白。 　　将ΔnifE Av1用过量的邻菲啰啉(o-phenanthroline)厌氧处理并经Sephadex G-25柱层析分离后，便得到部分丢失Fe的ΔnifE Av1©。在同时存在Av2和MgATP发生系统的条件下，ΔnifE Av1©, 而不是处理前的ΔnifE Av1，可为由KMnO4或Na2CrO4、高柠檬酸铁、Na2S、Na2S2O4 和二硫苏糖醇组成的含Mn或含Cr重组液(RS-Mn或RS-Cr)显著激活，但在缺少MgATP或Av2的条件下，RS-Mn和RS-Cr则不能激活ΔnifE Av1©。这就表明，RS-Mn和RS-Cr对ΔnifE Av1©的激活都需要邻菲啰啉的预处理及Av2和MgATP的同时存在。从分别缺失nifZ和nifB点突变的固氮菌突变种DJ194和UW45中纯化得到的钼铁蛋白，ΔnifZ Av1和NifB- Av1，经邻菲啰啉厌氧处理并经Sephadex G-25柱层析分离后，也分别得到部分丢失Fe的ΔnifZ Av1©和NifB- Av1©。与ΔnifE Av1©一样，这两种蛋白在Av2和MgATP同时存在时也可被RS-Cr和含Mo重组液（RS-Mo）明显激活。 　　为获得可供X-射线衍射的ΔnifE Av1的大单晶，对组成蛋白质沉淀剂的各种化合物的种类和浓度、缓冲液的pH值、结晶方法及蛋白样品的批次、浓度等结晶条件进行了大量优化研究。首次获得了ΔnifE Av1的深棕色短斜四棱柱晶体，并对其蛋白组成进行了鉴定。 二、铬铁蛋白中残存的棕色固氮菌细菌铁蛋白的晶体生长及鉴定 　　从无钼、无氨而含铬的固氮培养基中生长的棕色固氮菌突变种UW3中纯化得到了部分纯的CrFe蛋白。在试图培养CrFe蛋白大晶体时发现，棕色晶体和砖红色晶体可同时或单独出现。SDS-和厌氧天然-PAGE皆表明，棕色晶体主要由与Av1类似大小的亚基（~60 kD）组成，而砖红色晶体则主要由~20 kD亚基组成。Western-blotting表明只有~60 kD亚基可与OP Av1的抗体发生反应，而~20 kD亚基则无这种反应。在部分纯的CrFe蛋白中，~20 kD的蛋白含量远低于~60 kD蛋白的含量，表明由这种小亚基组成的蛋白只是CrFe蛋白中的一种污染蛋白。用3,5-二氨基苯甲酸染色的天然电泳表明，形成砖红色和棕色晶体的蛋白是迁移率不同的两种含铁蛋白。质谱分析表明，该晶体蛋白为棕色固氮菌的细菌铁蛋白（AvBF）。分辨率为2.34 Å的X-射线衍射结果也表明，砖红色晶体属于H3空间群，晶胞参数为a = 124.965 Å, b= 124.965 Å 和 c = 287.406 Å。首次完成的结构解析也表明，这种砖红色晶体确为24聚体的AvBF。 关键词：棕色固氮菌突变种DJ35和UW3; ΔnifE Av1; 铬铁蛋白; 细菌铁蛋白; 纯化和特性; 体外激活组装; 晶体生长及组成鉴定

Preliminary observations on the effect of a. c. current on Catla catla and Ophicephalus punctatus

In order to evolve suitable electrical fishing gear for inland waters, preliminary experiments have been conducted to observe effect of a. c. currents on Catla catla at voltages of 30, 90 and 120, pH 7.3 and 8.4, temperature 48°F, 78°F and 105°F, distance between electrodes 25 cm, 50 cm and 75 cm, size range of fish 100 mm, to 235 mm. Apparatus used was a 5 kw; a. c. 60 cycles generator with resistance control. Larger sizes of fish were more prone to electric shock. Higher temperature increases the intensity of the shock, while variation of pH between 7.3 to 8.4 did not materially affect the intensity of the shock. Fishing with a mixed population of Catla catla and Ophicephalus punctatus gave a greater percentage of mortality for the latter.

Identification and measurement of fatty acids, amino acids in roe of tuna fish (Thunnus tonggol) and its TVB and peroxide value during cold storage

The first aim of this research was to identify fatty acids, amino acids composition of Thunnus tonggol roe and their changes during cold storage (-18'C). The second aim was to determine the changes of moisture, protein, fat and ash contents of the roe during one year cold storage (-18'C). 60 samples of longtail tuna (Thunnus tonggol) ovaries were randomly collected form Bandar-e-Abbas landings. The samples were frozen at-30'C and kept in cold store at -18'C for one year. According to a time table, the samples were examined for identification of fatty acids, amino acids, moisture, protein, fat, ash, peroxide and T.V.N. and their changes were evaluated during this time. The results showed that 26 fatty acids were identified. The unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) were 62.33 and 37.6%, respectively, in fresh roe. So that, DHA (C22:6) and oleic acid (C18:1) had high amounts (24.79 and 21.88%) among the UFA and palmitic acid (C16:0) was the most content (22.75%) among the SFA. The PUFA/SFA was 0.91. Also, 17 amino acids were identified that essential amino acids (EAA) and nonessential amino acids (NE) were 10478 and 7562 mg/100g, respectively, and E/NE was 1.38. Among the EAA and NE, lysine (2110mg/100g) and aspartic acid (1924 mg/100g) were the most contents. Also, results showed that moisture, ash, protein and fat contents were 72.74, 1.8, 19.88 and 4.53%, respectively, in fresh roe. The effects of freezing and cold storage on the roes showed that UFA and SFA contents have reached to 49.83 and 48.07%, respectively, at the end of cold storage. It indicated that these compounds change to each other during frozen storage. Also, n-3 and n-6 series of fatty acids were 32.75 and 1.61% in fresh roe. But their contents decreased to 22.96 and 1.25% at the end of period. Among the fatty acids, 22:6 and C16:0 had the most changes. The changes of fatty acids were significantly at 95% level except for C15:1, C18:3(n-3) and C20:4(n-6). All of the amino acids decreased in frozen storage and their changes were significantly (P<0.05). EAA was 7818 mg/100g and E/NE was 1.27 at the end of storage period. Among the amino acids, leucine and lysine had the most changes. Moisture, ash, protein and fat contents were 70.13, 1.82, 19.4 and 6.51%, respectively, at the end of storage period. The peroxide value and T.V.N. increased during storage. So that, their contents have reached to 5.86 mg/kg and 26.37 mg/100 g, respectively, at the end of frozen storage. The best shelf life of Thunnus tonggol roe was 6 or 7 months, because of lipid oxidation and increasing of peroxide.

小鼠双尾C蛋白Bicc1多克隆抗体的制备及细胞内定位的初步研究

目的:制备小鼠双尾C蛋白Bicc1的多克隆抗体并确定其在细胞内定位.方法:根据生物信息学分析结果, PCR扩增小鼠Bicc1编码61E-199A的cDNA片段.将该片段克隆到GST融合蛋白表达载体上, 在IPTG诱导下产生Bicc1-N抗原.纯化目的蛋白并制备兔抗Bicc1蛋白多克隆抗体.Western blot鉴定抗体特异性, 并以间接免疫荧光法初步分析该蛋白在细胞内定位.结果:成功构建Bicc1-N片段原核表达载体, 在大肠杆菌中实现可溶性表达, 制备小鼠Bicc1蛋白的多克隆抗体, 并证实该蛋白主要表达于细胞质内.结论:成功制备了高效价并特异的兔抗Bicc1多克隆抗体, 为进一步研究Bicc1基因产物的生物功能奠定了基础.