The neural development and organization of letter recognition: Evidence from functional neuroimaging, computational modeling, and behavioral studies

Although much of the brain’s functional organization is genetically predetermined, it appears that some noninnate functions can come to depend on dedicated and segregated neural tissue. In this paper, we describe a series of experiments that have investigated the neural development and organization of one such noninnate function: letter recognition. Functional neuroimaging demonstrates that letter and digit recognition depend on different neural substrates in some literate adults. How could the processing of two stimulus categories that are distinguished solely by cultural conventions become segregated in the brain? One possibility is that correlation-based learning in the brain leads to a spatial organization in cortex that reflects the temporal and spatial clustering of letters with letters in the environment. Simulations confirm that environmental co-occurrence does indeed lead to spatial localization in a neural network that uses correlation-based learning. Furthermore, behavioral studies confirm one critical prediction of this co-occurrence hypothesis, namely, that subjects exposed to a visual environment in which letters and digits occur together rather than separately (postal workers who process letters and digits together in Canadian postal codes) do indeed show less behavioral evidence for segregated letter and digit processing.

Histoire ecclésiastique.

Includes bibliographical references and indexes.

Commentaire sur la Paraphrase chrétienne du Manuel d'Epictète /

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Œuvres théologiques /

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Isolation thicknesses of water for UO₂F₂ solution systems /

Previously published data was used for an empirical study of critical arrays of slab and cylindrically shaped vessels interacting through water. These vessels contained an aqueous solution of UO₂F₂ and the U²³⁵ isotopic enrichment was greater than 90%. Approximate isolation thicknesses of water for each of the above two cases is given.

A general historico-critical introduction to the Old Testament

Added t.p.: Clark's foreign theological library. v.xxviii.

The life of Jesus, and how we are to live : thirty lessons for the daily vacation Bible school /

Mode of access: Internet.

The Christian according to Paul

Mode of access: Internet.

Criticality studies of enriched uranium metal in UO₂(NO₃)₂ solutions /

"Date Distributed: July 28, 1960."

Studies in the Gospel according to Mark : for the use of classes in secondary schools and in the secondary division of the Sunday school /

Mode of access: Internet.

Studies in Daniel /

includes index.

Missale Gothicum : e codice Vaticano Reginensi Latino 317 editum /

Includes bibliographical references (p. 334-348) and indexes.

The Christian institutes, or, the sincere word of God. Being a plain and impartial account of the whole faith and duty of a Christian. Collected out of the writings of the Old and New Testament: digested under proper heads, and delivered in the words of scripture.

"Ex dono Authoris" on front free endpaper.

Christian charity explained : or, The influence of religion upon temper stated; in an exposition of the thirteenth chapter of the First Epistle to the Corinthians /

Mode of access: Internet.

Questions and notes, critical and practical, upon the Book of Exodus; designed as a general help to Biblical instruction.

With this is bound his Question and notes, critical and practical, upon the Book of Leviticus. New York, 1833.