La recepción de Wiliam Faulkner y Alain Robbe-Grillet por José María Castellet y Juan Goytisolo.

Resumen tomado de la revista

Estrategias de sostenibilidad y responsabilidad social en las universidades españolas : una herramienta para su evaluación.

Monográfico con el título: 'Ambientalización curricular y sostenibilidad: nuevos retos de profesionalización docente'. Resumen basado en el de la publicación

L'esperit de l'art g??tic catal?? : de Barcelona a N??pols

Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n

La huella de Einstein : unidad did??ctica

En la port.: Semana de la Ciencia 2005

Estilos de vida, atitude face à disciplina de educação física, percepção de competência, clima motivacional e orientação de objectivos em alunos do 3º ciclo e secundário

Este estudo tem como objectivo analisar os estilos de vida, a atitude face à disciplina de Educação Física, percepção de competência, clima motivacional e orientação de objectivos em alunos do género masculino e feminino do 3º ciclo e secundário. Participaram no estudo 199 alunos, sendo 102 do género masculino e 97 do género feminino, com idades compreendidas entre os 14 e os 20 anos, oriundos de Escolas com Estágio Pedagógico do Mestrado em Ensino da Educação Física nos Ensinos Básico e Secundário. A escolha das turmas teve como critérios de selecção: (1) serem leccionadas por professores estagiários ou professores orientadores de estágio pedagógico e (2) pertencerem ao período de escolaridade entre o 9º e o 11º ano. Os dados foram recolhidos através de um questionário desenvolvido por Papaioannou, Milosis, Kosmidou e Tsigihis (2007) e validado para a população portuguesa por João Martins, bem como utilizado na tese de doutoramento que está a realizar na Faculdade de Motricidade Humana. A análise inferencial foi realizada através da aplicação dos testes estatísticos: T-test para amostras independentes e Teste de Correlação de Pearson. O resultado final permitiu concluir que os estilos de vida, a atitude face à disciplina de Educação Física, percepção de competência, clima motivacional e orientação de objectivos variam relativamente aos alunos do género masculino e feminino.

Kipus: revista andina de letras. 23 (Reseñas)

Presenta las reseñas de los sigietnes libros: ALICIA ORTEGA CAICEDO, EDIT., Sartre y nosotros, Quito, Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar, Sede Ecuador / Editorial El Conejo, 2007, 331 pp. -- SANTIAGO RONCAGLIOLO, Abril Rojo, Madrid, Alfaguara, 2006, 344 pp. -- RAÚL VALLEJO, Missa Solemnis, Quito, Seix Barral, 2008, 128 pp. -- LEONARDO VALENCIA, El libro flotante de Caytran Dölphin, Quito, Paradiso Editores, 2006, 343 pp. -- PABLO AYALA ROMÁN, El mundo del rock en Quito, Quito, Instituto de Estudios Avanzados / Corporación Editora Nacional, 2008, 182 pp. -- GABRIELA ALEMÁN, Poso Wells, Quito, Eskeletra, 2007, 393 pp. -- RAMIRO ARIAS, Todo el sabor tropical, Quito, Eskeletra, 2008, 411 pp. -- HUGO LARREA BENALCÁZAR, Cuando tú te hayas ido, Quito, El Conejo, 2008, 383, pp. -- ERNESTO CARRIÓN, Muerte de Caín, Quito, Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 2007, 305 pp. -- CÉSAR DÁVILA ANDRADE, Obra poética, Quito, Colección Memoria de Vida, vol. 8, Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 2007, 358 pp. -- GILDA HOLST, Bumerán, Guayaquil, b@ez.editor.es, 2006, 119 pp. -- FERNANDO AMPUERO, Puta linda, Lima, Planeta, 2006, 127 pp.

Kipus: revista andina de letras. 19 (Reseñas)

Presenta las reseñas de los siguientes libros: Alex Roo, HISTORIAS DE AEROSOL, Quito: Eskeletra, 2005, 120 pp. -- Modesto Ponce, EL PALACIO DEL DIABLO, Quito: Pan-Óptika Editores, 2005, 435 pp. -- Mario Campaña, AIRES DE ELLICOT CITY, Montevideo: edición no venal, 2005, 90 pp. -- J.M. Coetzee, ELlZABETH COSTELLO, Editorial Vintag, 2004, 233 pp. HOMBRE LENTO, Slow man: Editorial Knopf, 2005, 263 pp. -- Michael Handelsman, LEYENDO LA GLOBALIZACIÓN DESDE LA MITAD DEL MUNDO: IDENTIDAD y RESISTENCIA EN EL ECUADOR Quito: Editorial El Conejo, 2005, 263 pp. -- William Ospina, URSÚA, Bogotá: Alfaguara, 2005, 478 pp. -- Cristóbal Zapata, NO HAY NAVES PARA LESBOS, Quito: Eskeletra, 2005, 80 pp. -- Raúl Vallejo, CÁNTICOS PARA ORIANA, Quito: Seix Barral, 2004, 151 pp. -- Jorge Enrique Adoum, coord., ANTOLOGÍA ESENCIAL -ECUADOR SIGLO XX-, (El cuento-La poesía-La novela corta-El ensayo-La crítica literaria) Quito: Editorial Eskeletra, 2004.

Kipus: revista andina de letras. 18 (Reseñas)

Presenta la reseña de los siguientes libros: Gabriela Fernández, LA NOCHE DE EVA, Quito: Planeta, 2005. -- Jennie Carrasco Molina, VIAJE A NINGUNA PARTE, Quito: Libresa, Colección Crónica de Sueños, 2005. -- Raúl Vallejo EL ALMA. EN LOS LABIOS, Quito: Seix Barral, 2004. -- Miguel Donoso Pareja, LA GARGANTA DEL DIABLO, Quito: Paradiso Editores, 2004. -- Laura Restrepo, LA MULTTTUD ERRANTE, Bogotá: Seix Barral-Planeta, 2003. -- Felipe García Quintero, VIDA DE NADIE, Medellín: Fondo Editorial Universidad Eafit, 2004 (versión francesa de Marcel Hennart). -- Alfredo Gangotena, CRUELDADES, Quito: Corporación Cultural Orogenia, 2004. Traducción de Cristina Burneo y Verónica Mosquera, edición bilingüe. -- Luis Aguilar Monsalve, DEJEN PASAR EL VIENTO, Quito: Editorial Eskeletra, 2004, 139 pp. -- Gabriel García Márquez, MEMORIA DE MIS PUTAS TRISTES, Bogotá: Mondadori, 2003; 109 pp.

Kipus: revista andina de letras. 14 (Reseñas)

Presenta las reseñas de los siguientes libros: Catalina León Pesántez, HISPANOAMÉRICA y SUS PARADOJAS EN EL IDEARIO FILOSÓFICO DE JUAN LEÓN MERA, Quito: Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar / Corporación Editora Nacional, Serie Magíster, vol. 16, 92 pp. -- Florencia Campana, ESCRlTURA y PERIODISMO DE LAS MUJERES EN LOS ALBORES DEL SIGLO XX, Quito: Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar / Corporación Editora Nacional, Serie Magíster, vol. 18, 2001, 65 pp. -- Lucía Herrera, LA CIUDAD DEL MIGRANTE: LA REPRESENTACiÓN DE QUITO EN RELATOS DE MIGRANTES INDÍGENAS, Quito: Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar / Corporación Editora Nacional, Serie Magíster, vol. 22, 2001, 91 pp. -- Rafael Polo, Los INTELECTUALES y LA NARRATWA MESTIZA EN EL ECUADOR, Quito: Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar / Corporación Editora Nacional, Serie Magíster, vol. 23, 2001, 102 pp. -- Mario Mendoza, SATAIYAS, Barcelona: Seix Barral, 2002. -- Javier Marías, CORAZÓN TAN BLANCO, Madrid: Santillana, Colección Punto de Lectura, 2001, 404 pp. -- Arturo Andrés Roig, ÉTICA DEL PODER Y MORALIDAD DE LA PROTESTA: LA MORAL LATINOAMERICANA DE LA EMERGENCIA, Quito: Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar / Corporación Editora Nacional, 2002, 194 pp. -- Benjamín Carrión, LA PATRIA EN TONO MENOR, prólogo, selección y edición de Gustavo Salazar, México: Fondo de Cultura Económica / Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 2002, 300 pp. -- Felipe García Quintero, PIEDRA VACÍA, Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana / Edicíones de la Línea Imaginaria, 2001, 52 pp. -- Miguel Donoso Pareja, NUEVO RELISMO ECUATORIANO, Quito: Eskeletra, 2002, 243 pp. -- Fabián Guerrero Obando, NEXOS CASUALES, Quito: Eskeletra, 2001, 72 pp.

Kipus: revista andina de letras. 11 (Reseñas)

Presenta las reseñas de los siguientes libros: Marcelo Báez, TIERRA DE NADIA, Quito: Libresa, 2000; 106 pp. -- Byron Rodríguez, BESTIARIO DE CENIZAS, 2a. ed., Quito: Eskeletra, 1999. -- Viviana Cordero, EL TEATRO DE LOS MONSTRUOS, Quito: coedición Libresa / B@ezOquendo, 2000; 310 pp. -- Fernando Cruz Kronfly, LA CARAVANA DE GARDEL. -- Jorge Dávila Vázquez, CÉSAR DÁVILA ANDRADE, COMBATE POÉTICO Y SUICIDIO, Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca, 1999; 348 pp. -- Euler Granda, QUE TRATA DE UNOS GATOS, Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1999. -- Edgar Freire, El BARRIO DE lOS PRODIGIOS (MEMORIAS DE UN NIÑO), Quito: Libresa, 1999; 178 pp. -- Jostein Gaarder, VITA BREVIS, Madrid: Siruela, 1997; 130 pp. -- Michael Handelsman, Lo AFRO Y LA PLURINACIONALIDAD: EL CASO ECUATORIANO VISTO DESDE SU LITERATURA, Mississippi: University of Mississippi, 1999; 196 pp. -- Iván Oñate, LA NADA SAGRADA, Quito: Eskeletra, 1999. -- Jorge Volpi, EN BUSCA DE KLINGSOR, Barcelona: Seix Barral, 1999. -- Rosa Montero, LA HLJA DEL CANÍBAL, Bogotá: Espasa, 1998; 338 pp. -- María E. Moscoso, LA CANCIÓN DE ROKOLA, Quito: El Conejo, 1999. -- Kenzaburo Oé, DINOS CÓMO SOBREVIVIR A NUESTRA LOCURA Barcelona: Anagrama, 1995. -- Pablo Rocca, compilador, PÁGINAS DE GUERRA (1806-1935), Montevideo: Banda Oriental, 1995; 87 pp. -- Javier Ponce, RESÍGNATE A PERDER, Quito: Seix Barral. 1998; 135 pp. -- Eduardo Rosenzvaig, LA CEPA. ARQUEOLOGÍA DE UNA CULTURA AZUCARERA, Buenos Aires: Universidad Nacional de Tucumán / Ediciones Letra Buena, 1999; tomo III, 608 pp. -- Abdón Ubidia, REFERENTES. ENSAYOS, Quito: El Conejo / UASB / Abya-Yala, 2000; 195 pp.

Distribution and availability of trace elements in municipal solid waste composts

Trace element contamination is one of the main problems linked to the quality of compost, especially when it is produced from urban wastes, which can lead to high levels of some potentially toxic elements such as Cu, Pb or Zn. In this work, the distribution and bioavailability of five elements (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr and Ni) were studied in five Spanish composts obtained from different feedstocks (municipal solid waste, garden trimmings, sewage sludge and mixed manure). The five composts showed high total concentrations of these elements, which in some cases limited their commercialization due to legal imperatives. First, a physical fractionation of the composts was performed, and the five elements were determined in each size fraction. Their availability was assessed by several methods of extraction (water, CaCl2–DTPA, the PBET extract, the TCLP extract, and sodium pyrophosphate), and their chemical distribution was assessed using the BCR sequential extraction procedure. The results showed that the finer fractions were enriched with the elements studied, and that Cu, Pb and Zn were the most potentially problematic ones, due to both their high total concentrations and availability. The partition into the BCR fractions was different for each element, but the differences between composts were scarce. Pb was evenly distributed among the four fractions defined in the BCR (soluble, oxidizable, reducible and residual); Cu was mainly found in the oxidizable fraction, linked to organic matter, and Zn was mainly associated to the reducible fraction (iron oxides), while Ni and Cr were mainly present almost exclusively in the residual fraction. It was not possible to establish a univocal relation between trace elements availability and their BCR fractionation. Given the differences existing for the availability and distribution of these elements, which not always were related to their total concentrations, we think that legal limits should consider availability, in order to achieve a more realistic assessment of the risks linked to compost use.

Seasonal patterns of viral and bacterial infections among children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia in a tropical region

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common cause of morbidity among children. Evidence on seasonality, especially on the frequency of viral and bacterial causative agents is scarce; such information may be useful in an era of changing climate conditions worldwide. To analyze the frequency of distinct infections, meteorological indicators and seasons in children hospitalized for CAP in Salvador, Brazil, nasopharyngeal aspirate and blood were collected from 184 patients aged < 5 y over a 21-month period. Fourteen microbes were investigated and 144 (78%) cases had the aetiology established. Significant differences were found in air temperature between spring and summer (p = 0.02) or winter (p < 0.001), summer and fall (p = 0.007) or winter (p < 0.001), fall and winter (p = 0.002), and on precipitation between spring and fall (p = 0.01). Correlations were found between: overall viral infections and relative humidity (p = 0.006; r = 0.6) or precipitation (p = 0.03; r = 0.5), parainfluenza and precipitation (p = 0.02; r = -0.5), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and air temperature (p = 0.048; r = -0.4) or precipitation (p = 0.045; r = 0.4), adenovirus and precipitation (p = 0.02; r = 0.5), pneumococcus and air temperature (p = 0.04; r = -0.4), and Chlamydia trachomatis and relative humidity (p = 0.02; r = -0.5). The frequency of parainfluenza infection was highest during spring (32.1%; p = 0.005) and that of RSV infection was highest in the fall (36.4%; p < 0.001). Correlations at regular strength were found between several microbes and meteorological indicators. Parainfluenza and RSV presented marked seasonal patterns.

Procalcitonin is useful in identifying bacteraemia among children with pneumonia

Empirical antibiotic use is prescribed in managing children with pneumonia worldwide. We assessed the usefulness of procalcitonin (PCT) and interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) in differentiating viral from bacterial pneumonia. Among 159 hospitalized children, pneumonia was diagnosed based on clinical complaints plus pulmonary infiltrate. Aetiology was investigated for 9 viruses and 4 atypical and 3 typical bacteria. PCT and IFN-alpha were measured in the serum sample collected on admission. Eight patients had bacteraemic infections, 38 had non-bacteraemic typical infections, and 19 patients had atypical bacterial infections. Viral and unknown aetiology was established in 57 (36%) and 34 (21%) cases, respectively. Three patients with bacterial infection without collected blood culture were excluded. IFN-alpha (IU/ml) was detectable in 20 (13%) cases. The difference among median PCT values of the bacteraemic (4.22; 1.56-7.56), non-bacteraemic typical bacterial (1.47; 0.24-4.07), atypical bacterial (0.18; 0.06-1.03) and only viral (0.65; 0.11-2.22) subgroups was significant (p = 0.02). PCT was >= 2 ng/ml in 52 (33%) cases. The presence of IFN-alpha was associated with PCT <2 ng/ml (90% vs. 64%, p = 0.02). The negative predictive value (95% confidence interval) of PCT >= 2 ng/ml was 95% (89-100%), 89% (78-100%), 93% (85-100%) for differentiation of bacteraemic from viral, atypical bacterial and non-bacteraemic typical bacterial infection, respectively, and 58% (49-68%) for differentiation between bacterial and viral infection. PCT may be useful in identifying bacteraemia among children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia. IFN-alpha was uncommonly detected.

The role of respiratory viral infections among children hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia in a developing country

We report an investigation for 16 bacteria and viruses among 184 children hospitalized with pneumonia in Salvador, Brazil. Etiology was established in 144 (78%) cases. Viral, bacterial, and mixed infections were found in 110 (60%), 77 (42%), and 52 (28%) patients, respectively. Rhinovirus (21%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (21%) were the most common pathogens. Our results demonstrate the importance of viral and pneumococcal infections among those patients.

Heme Impairs Prostaglandin E(2) and TGF-beta Production by Human Mononuclear Cells via Cu/Zn Superoxide Dismutase: Insight into the Pathogenesis of Severe Malaria

In many hemolytic disorders, such as malaria, the release of free heme has been involved in the triggering of oxidative stress and tissue damage. Patients presenting with severe forms of malaria commonly have impaired regulatory responses. Although intriguing, there is scarce data about the involvement of heme on the regulation of immune responses. In this study, we investigated the relation of free heme and the suppression of anti-inflammatory mediators such as PGE(2) and TGF-beta in human vivax malaria. Patients with severe disease presented higher hemolysis and higher plasma concentrations of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) and lower concentrations of PGE(2) and TGF-beta than those with mild disease. In addition, there was a positive correlation between SOD-1 concentrations and plasma levels of TNF-alpha. During antimalaria treatment, the concentrations of plasma SOD-1 reduced whereas PGE(2) and TGF-beta increased in the individuals severely ill. Using an in vitro model with human mononuclear cells, we demonstrated that the heme effect on the impairment of the production of PGE(2) and TGF-beta partially involves heme binding to CD14 and depends on the production of SOD-1. Aside from furthering the current knowledge about the pathogenesis of vivax malaria, the present results may represent a general mechanism for hemolytic diseases and could be useful for future studies of therapeutic approaches. The Journal of Immunology, 2010, 185: 1196-1204.