Diagênese e proveniência dos arenitos da tectonossequência Rifte na bacias do Rio do Peixe Araripe, NE do Brasil

This thesis presents diagenetic and provenance studies of sandstones belonging to the Rift Tectonosequence of the Rio do Peixe and Araripe basins. These basins are located in the interior of Northeast Brazil aligned along the Trend-Cariri Potiguar. Their origin is related to the Early Cretaceous rifting event. In terms of lithostratigraphy, the studied section corresponds to the Antenor Navarro, Sousa and Rio Piranhas formations of the Rio do Peixe Basin, and the Missão Velha and Abaiara formations of the Araripe Basin, outcropping in the central-west Cariri Valley. A facies analysis was performed and identified nine distinct sedimentary facies for the Rio de Peixe Basin and ten sedimentary facies for the Araripe Basin, individualized according to the different rock types and their sedimentary structures. These facies associations to led paleoenvironments interpretations and their vertical succession allowed understanding the evolution of the depositional setting during the cronostratigraphic interval studied in these basins. Based on petrographic and diagenetic studies it was possible to characterize the texture and mineralogy of these sandstones, identifying their diagenetic stage and the grain framework provenance. The petrographic study allowed to classify the lithotypes studied in both basins as quartzarenites. Such quartzarenites, in general, are rich in quartz, feldspar and lithic fragment grains, and at accessory levels tourmaline, sphene, zircon, epidote and other mineralogy. The diagenetic history of the studied rocks proved to be very complex, being characterized by a variety mineral of phases that succeeded each other during the eo, meso and telodiagenetic stages. According to the studied formation and the textural and compositional aspects of the rocks, some processes were more or less active, while others were even absent. The eodiagenetic stage is marked by mechanical infiltration of clays and early mechanical compactional processes. The mesodiagenetic phase is characterized by continuity of the mechanical compaction and the beggining of chemical compaction, with quartz and feldspar overgrowths, precipitation of kaolinite, alteration of framework grains to chlorite and illite, and finally, precipitation of opaque minerals. The telodiagenetic stage is represented by the oxidation of some grains, matrix and cements. For the provenance analysis of the studied sandstones were used ternary diagrams whose vertices correspond to the percentage of quartz, feldspar and lithic fragments. This study allowed identifies the source area of these rocks as continental blocks. It was also possible, based on the chemical stability and mineralogical maturity of the rocks, recognize that the Antenor Navarro Formation of the Rio do Peixe Basin, and the upper section of the Missão Velha Formation of Araripe Basin have less maturity and stability when compared with the other studied formations

Composição e distribuição dos Crustácea (Decapoda) na Lagoa do Peixe, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

The Lagoa do Peixe (Peixe's Lagoon) is located between Atlantic Ocean and Lagoa dos Patos and is 30 Km long and 0,5-2,0 Km wide (31º13'S, 50º55'W -31º26'S, 51º09'). For one year, the composition and distribution of Crustácea Decapoda were analyzed monthly (from July/1994 to June/1995), in seven subareas (terrestrial border and aquatic area) and physical and chemical parameters (depth, salinity, sediment texture, oxygen in water, organic material of sediment and water temperature) were registered. Decapoda from the families Grapsidae, Ocypodidae, Portunidae (Brachyura), Diogenidae (Anomura) and Penaeidae (Penaeidea) were captured. Chasmagnathus granulata Dana 1851 was found ali months near the canal connecting Atlantic Ocean and Lagoa do Peixe, but inside the lagoon it was collected only in October/94 and June/95, and in extreme subareas it was sampled in February/95 when the salinity was 31 at these sites. Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896 and Cyrtograpsus angulatus Dana, 1851 were captured throughout the year, except October/94 and April/95, respectively. Both species were found in ali áreas of sample, indicating a high plasticity in relation to the factors analyzed in this study. Another species captured probably come in the lagoon in specific months, when the environment provides ideal conditions for their develo-pments.

Composição e abundância da ictiofauna de duas lagunas costeiras da América do Sul Austral: lagoa do Peixe (31ºS; 51ºW), Brasil e laguna Mar Chiquita (37ºS; 57ºW), Argentina

This article describes and compares the shallow water fish-fauna from two coastal lagoons (Peixe Lagoon, in Brazil, and Mar Chiquita Lagoon, in Argentina). Peixe Lagoon was sampled between 2000 and 2001 using a 9 m beach seine net (12 mm bar mesh in the wings and 5 mm in the centre 3 m section) totalizing 125 samples, which yielded 33,848 individuals and 32 species. Mar Chiquita Lagoon was sampled from 1995 to 1998 using a 21) m beach seine net (12 mm bar mesh) totalizing 232 samples resulting in 31,097 individuals of 28 species. A total of 47 species were observed in both lagoons and 13 were shared. The "marine-estuarine-related" species were similar and dominate the fish assemblages in both lagoons. The remaining species were similar to the species collected along the southern Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina estuaries. The number of species observed in Peixe Lagoon (S = 32) was higher than in Mar Chiquita Lagoon (S = 28) and is probably associated with a strong latitudinal gradient of species richness increasing from north to south. Considering that the Peixe Lagoon and Mar Chiquita Lagoon are isolated by the large estuaries of Patos Lagoon and Prata River, the composition of the species with low abundance and occasional occurrence were different for each local studied. These results expand the knowledge for the fauna of both sites and help conservation and management from both lagoons.

Guerra-Peixe: arranjador de orquestras de rádio

Revisão biográfica sobre o músico brasileiro Guerra-Peixe e sua carreira como arranjador de orquestras de rádio. Objetiva-se compreender como compositores clássicos, como Guerra-Peixe, encontraram na esfera popular um meio de vida. Inclui dados biográficos pouco conhecidos sobre o compositor.

Efeito de casca de camarão, hidrolisado de peixe e quitosana no controle da murcha de Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. chrysanthemi em crisântemo

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Efeitos de extratos aquosos de assa-peixe sobre a germinação de três espécies de braquiária

Examinou-se o potencial alelopático da planta invasora de pastagem assa-peixe (Vernonia polyanthes), através dos efeitos dos extratos aquosos (concentração de 10%) da parte aérea, de raízes e de sementes sobre a germinação (porcentagem e velocidade) e o alongamento da radícula das gramíneas forrageiras Brachiaria humidicola, Brachiaria decumbens e Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu. O pH, a condutividade e o potencial osmótico foram determinados em cada extrato. A contribuição do potencial osmótico foi isolada através de cálculo, tendo por base os potenciais osmóticos dos extratos e da água e a equação de regressão que se ajustou a cada parâmetros, em função da variação do potencial osmótico na faixa de 0,0 a 0,4 MPa. Os bioensaios foram desenvolvidos em câmaras do tipo BOD, com temperatura controlada para 35/15oC (diurna/noturna) e fotoperíodo de 12 horas-luz (bioensaios de germinação), e temperatura constante de 35oC e fotoperíodo de 24 horas-luz (bioensaios de alongamento da radícula). Os resultados indicaram que tanto o pH como a concentração de cátions não contribuíram para os resultados encontrado. O assa-peixe evidenciou potencialidade alelopáticas que variaram em função da espécie receptora e da parte da planta doadora do extrato. A velocidade de germinação foi o indicador mais sensível aos efeitos dos extratos aquosos da assa-peixe.

Determinação de resíduo do herbicida fluridone em peixe

O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um método de análise de resíduos do herbicida fluridone em peixes. O herbicida foi extraído do peixe (partes comestíveis), concentrado em colunas de florisil e então analisado em cromatógrafo líquido com detector de UV visível a 313 nm. Os coeficientes de correlação obtidos para linearidade do detector e do método foram de 0,99983 e 0,99987, respectivamente. Com o método descrito foi possível extrair, separar e identificar com eficiência o herbicida fluridone das amostras de peixe, o qual apresentou médias de percentagens de recuperação variando de 60 a 73%. O limite de detecção foi de 20 mg kg-1.

Efeito do resfriamento sobre a textura post-mortem da carne do peixe matrinxã Brycon cephalus

Os mecanismos que causam o amolecimento e a perda na textura post-mortem da carne de matrinxã foram determinados por meio das mudanças na microestrutura do músculo, imediatamente após a morte e depois de 12 horas de estocagem a -3°C. As observações na microestrutura, realizadas com microscópio eletrônico de transmissão, foram semelhantes aos resultados obtidos na força de ruptura do músculo medidos com o texturômetro. Os valores da força da ruptura foram menores para a carne após o resfriamento. Observou-se que as fibras do colágeno do tecido conectivo pericelular se desintegraram e que as do colágeno do tecido conectivo do miocommata conservaram sua arquitetura e integridade. Houve pouca degradação da linha Z. Isso sugere que o amolecimento post-mortem da carne de mantrinxã, durante a estocagem a -3°C, é causado pela degradação do tecido conectivo pericelular.

Consórcio suíno-peixe: aspectos ambientais e qualidade do pescado

Amostras de músculo de carpa comum (Cyprinus carpio) e de água de três viveiros fertilizados com dejetos de suínos e de um viveiro em que os peixes foram alimentados com ração comercial para peixes foram analisadas durante seis meses. O objetivo foi observar a presença de bactérias patogênicas, como Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus e coliformes totais e fecais, em peixes comercializados in natura no município de Chapecó, Santa Catarina. Foram aferidos quinzenalmente, na água dos quatro viveiros, oxigênio dissolvido, pH, turbidez, alcalinidade total, dureza total, amônia, nitrato e ortofosfato, bem como a quantidade de coliformes totais e fecais. A análise microbiológica músculo dos peixes demonstrou ausência de Salmonella em todas as amostras. A contagem dos demais microrganismos manteve-se inferior ao limite máximo permitido pela legislação vigente, em todas as amostras. Portanto, os peixes analisados estavam aptos ao consumo humano, pois atenderam aos padrões recomendados pela Divisão Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária de Alimentos (DINAL). A comparação entre os viveiros fertilizados com dejetos de suínos e o viveiro fertilizado com ração comercial para peixes não apresentou diferença significativa, porém apresentou efeito significativo sobre oxigênio dissolvido, turbidez, alcalinidade total e amônia. A matéria orgânica foi responsável pelos maiores valores, com exceção da turbidez, que foi menor no viveiro fertilizado com ração comercial para peixes. Entretanto, após análise de todos os parâmetros físico-químicos e microbiológicos da água dos viveiros, pode-se constatar que todos os viveiros se enquadraram nas classes II ou III da classificação de águas interiores estabelecida pelo CONAMA.

Estimativa da concentração espermática do sêmen de peixe pelo método de espermatócrito

Um experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de estimar a concentração espermática das espécies dourado (Salminus brasiliensis), curimba (Prochilodus lineatus), jundiá (Rhamdia quelen), cascudo-preto (Rhinelepis aspera) e tilápia-do-nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) pelo método de espermatócrito. Utilizaram-se 19, 58, 51, 43 e 85 reprodutores de dourado, curimba, jundiá, cascudo-preto e tilápia-do-nilo, respectivamente. Com exceção da tilápia-do-nilo, os reprodutores foram submetidos ao processo de indução hormonal e posteriormente submetidos a coleta de sêmen. Foram comparadas as técnicas de mensuração da concentração espermática do sêmen por contagem em câmara hematimétrica de Neubauer e por espermatócrito. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de regressão a 5% de probabilidade. As concentrações espermáticas mensuradas por ambas as técnicas apresentaram relação linear, para curimbas, jundiás e tilápias-do-nilo, com equações y = 6,6624 × 10(9) + 3,68553 × 10(8)x; y = 2,153 × 10(9) + 4,426 × 10(8)x e y = -9,0897 × 10(8) + 6,0167 × 10(8), respectivamente. O método de espermatócrito pode ser utilizado para estimar a concentração espermática do sêmen de curimbas, jundiás e tilápias-do-nilo.

Avaliação das Farinhas de Peixe e Pena, no Confinamento de Bezerros Leiteiros Desmamados, Através de Dietas Calculadas em Termos de Proteína Bruta ou de Proteína Metabolizável

The objectives of this work were to evaluate three protein sources - soybean meal, fish meal and feather meal - and two methods of calculation of rations - the calculated in terms of crude protein (CP), according to recommendations of NRC (1988); and the proposed by the AFRC (1993), and calculated in terms of metabolizable protein (MP) - through the performance of calves. The animals were confined and submitted to five diets, that varied only protein sources in its composition, thus discriminated: SM- Soybean Meal, FsM- Fish Meal, FeM- Feather Meal, FsMU- Fish Meal and Urea, and FeMU Feather Meal and Urea. A complete diet was supplied, composed of 40% of sorghum silage and 60% of concentrate. All treatments possessed about of 2.56 Mcal/kg DM of metabolizable energy, being the treatments SM, FsM and FeM calculated by the system of CP, with 18% of CP, and the treatments FsMU and FeMU, calculated by the system of MP, with 16.3% of CP and a same amount of metabolizable protein than the treatment SM, with 112.0 grams of MP/day. Individually, the treatments did not present significant differences (P > 0.05) in the final alive weight, in daily gain weight and in dry matter intake, having differences only in the feed:gain ratio. The best feed:gain ratio happened in the treatment FsM and the worst in the treatment FeMU. It is concluded that the MP method provides similar results to the method of CP. The treatments with fish meal provide larger weight gains, smaller intake and better feed:gain ratio than the treatments with feather meal, staying the treatment soybean meal with intermediary daily gain.

FIRST RECORD of AN EPIBIONT PROTOZOAN EPISTYLIS SP (CILIOPHORA, PERITRICHIA) ATTACHED TO AMPLEXIBRANCHIUS BRYCONIS THATCHER & PAREDES, 1985 (COPEPODA, ERGASILIDAE) FROM PEIXE'S RIVER, STATE of São Paulo, BRAZIL

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeitos tóxicos de surfactantes fitossanitários para o peixe mato grosso (Hyphessobrycon eques)

Toxic effects of phytosanitary surfactants for jewel tetra (Hyphessobrycon eques). Surfactants are amphipatic molecules that reduce the surface tension of water and make up the inert components of pesticide formulations. Thus, the objectives of this study were: to estimate the lethal concentration (LC(I)50;96h); classify and evaluate water quality during testing of the following surfactants: Agral[registered trademark], Aterbane[registered trademark]BR, Ag-bem[registered trademark], Energic[registered trademark], Fixade[registered trademark] and Gotafix[registered trademark] for jewel tetra (Hyphessobrycon eques); and the signs of intoxication in the animals. For this, the fish were acclimated for ten days in the bioassay room. The animals were exposed to the surfactants in an entirely randomized design with three replications. The LC(I)(50;96h) of surfactant Agral[registered trademark] was 3.29 mg L-1; Aterbane[registered trademark] BR 8.21 mg L-1; Energic[registered trademark] 2.34 mg L-1; Gotafix[registered trademark] 4.37 mg L-1; Fixade[registered trademark] 3.38 mg L-1; and Ag-bem[registered trademark] 34.95 mg L-1. The variables of water quality were unchanged. The fish showed an increase in the opercular beating after exposure; 4 and 24 hours, loss of gasping ability; 48 hours, slow opercular beating; and 72 and 96 hours later, recovery. The surfactants Energic[registered trademark], Agral[registered trademark], Gotafix[registered trademark], Aterbane[registered trademark] BR and Fixade[registered trademark] can be classified as moderately toxics, and Ag-Bem[registered trademark] as slightly toxic for H. eques; this organism shows similar intoxication signs for all surfactants.

Aplicação do Índice Relaçáo Declividade-Extensão - RDE Na Bacia do Rio do Peixe (SP) para Detecção de Deformações Neotectô nicas

This paper presents the identification of tectonic deformation through the application of the stream-gradient index (slope x length) method in the Rio do Peixe hydrographic basin, located in western State of Sã o Paulo. The main principle used is that river valleys are the best tools for this type of analysis because of their fast adjustment to even the most gentle crustal deformations. This type of analysis for structural studies is extremely useful in the western region of the State of São Paulo, where deep chemical weathering results in a thick regolith and scarce outcrops. The stream length index is the ratio of the altimetric amplitude of each drainage and the natural logarithm of its length. The value obtained is plotted on maps at the median point of each drainage, allowing the drawings of lines with the same values (isodefs). Three anomalies (A, B and C) were identified along the Rio do Peixe valley representing uplift sectors indicated by the formation and distribution of Upper Quaternary deposits in terraces and modern fluvial plains and alluvial fans. In correlation with known tectonic data for this region it is possible to attribute the A and B anomalies to the Ribeirão Preto and Presidente Prudente crustal sutures, respectively. The smaller C anomaly needs further field investigation, but it could be associated with the Três Lagoas crustal suture. It must be emphasised that these sutures are inherited from the Precambrian Basement which had a strong influence on the Phanerozoic evolution in the whole sedimentary and volcanic stratigraphic pile of the Paraná Basin and on the dominant structural lineaments directions developed therein .The A, Band C anomalies are suggestive of renewed uplift as a result of neotectonic action in modern times.

O impacto da pesca do camarão-rosa Farfantepenaeus paulensis (Perez-Farfante) (Decapoda, Penaeidae) nas assembléias de peixes e siris do Parque Nacional da Lagoa do Peixe, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

This work evaluates the impact of the pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis (Perez-Farfante, 1967) fishery on fish and crab assemblages of Lagoa do Peixe National Park, Brazil. We observed that composition of catches is similar to shrimp fisheries using fyke-net at others estuaries of Rio Grande do Sul State: pink shrimp (53%), accessory catches (24%) and bycatch (23%). However, fishery composition showed distinct differences along the saline gradient of the main park's lagoon. Regarding only fish species, the most impacted species in this fishery were Brevoortia pectinata (Jenyns, 1842), Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest, 1823), and Jenynsia multidentata (Jenyns, 1842). In others estuaries from Rio Grande do Sul, in contrast, the most impacted species were M. furnieri, Genidens barbus (Lacepède, 1803) and Genidens genidens (Cuvier, 1829). The potential impact of the pink shrimp fishery at Lagoa do Peixe National Park seemed to be weaker when compared to shrimp fisheries elsewhere. We believe that the decision to prohibit this fishery at the Lagoa do Peixe National Park should not be based on its potential damage to the fish and crab assemblages but based on the simple fact that Brazilian laws do not allow fisheries inside National Parks.