Comportamiento del crecimiento, desarrollo y rendimiento del nopal (Opuntia ficus-indica L.) en asocio con seis culltivos prehispánicos, Jardín Botánico, Apompuá, Carazo, 2013

El nopal (Opuntia ficus-indica L),pertenece a la familia de las cactáceas, sobrevive en zonas áridas o semiáridas. En Nicaragua la producción como planta de cultivo es incipiente, pero puede representar una alternativa para la dieta alimenticia tanto para humanos como animales, es importante por ser fuente de alimento a bajo costo, las bondades radican en la diversidad de utilidades que posee tanto por su valor nutritivo como por la adaptabilidad en las zonas del trópico seco de nuestro país. Este ensayo se estableció en el Jardín Botánico de la Asociación del Desarrollo Comunitario del Departamento de Carazo (ADECA), ubicado en la comunidad de Apompuá del municipio de Diriamba - Carazo kilómetro 40 carretera La Boquita-Casares, durante el período de Julio 2013 a Febrero 2014. Se utilizó un Bloque Completo al Azar (BCA), con cuatro repeticiones y seis tratamientos: pipián Cuarenteño (Cucurbita angyrosperma Huber), amaranto (Amaranthus caudatus L.), frijol blanco (Phaseolus cutifolius Gray), chan (Hyptis suaveolens L. Poit), batata o camote ( Ipomea batatas L. ) & yuca (Manihot esculenta Crantz), para evaluar con cuál de estos cultivos asociados tiene mejor rendimiento el nopal. El análisis de los datos obtenidos del estudio de nopal reflejan que obtuvo una sobrevivencia del 100 %, el mejor rendimiento 8285 kg ha -1 en el asocio con frijol blanco (T3), con respecto al comp ortamiento de los cultivos prehispánicos pipián Cuarenteño, amaranto, batata & yuca (T1,T2, T5 y T6) no llegaron a cosecha por no tolerar las condiciones climáticas de la zona, a excepción del frijol blanco y chan(T3 y T4), que completaron su ciclo biológico y obtuvieron una productividad en el asocio de 250 y 54% respectivamente. Palabras claves: zonas secas, alternativas de producción, cultivos precolombinos.

Studies on the influence of moisture and specific gravity on the strength properties of mango wood (Mangifera indica)

Influence of moisture and specific gravity on the strength of mango wood is discussed. The co-efficient of correlation between specific gravity and breaking strength was found to be non-significant. The relation of strength and moisture was found to be highly significant. The mean strength values indicated a reduction in strength when the moisture increased from 8.5 to 18.8%. However no appreciable difference in strength values could be observed when moisture increased above 37%. The strength-moisture relationship is a straight line, passing approximately through the fibre saturation point. By using the exponential formula, the breaking strength corresponding to any moisture level between zero and fibre saturation can be determined.

Phytoremediation of triazophos by Canna indica Linn. in a hydroponic system

The phytoremediation of triazophos (O, O-diethyl-O-(1-phenyl-1, 2, 4-triazole-3-base) sulfur phosphate, TAP) by Canna indica Linn. in a hydroponic system was studied. After 21 d of exposure, the removal kinetic constant (K) of TAP was 0.0229-0.0339 d(-1) and the removal percentage of TAP was 41-55% in the plant system and the K and removal percentage of TAP were about 0.002 d(-1) and 1%, respectively, in darkness and disinfected control. However, the K and removal percentage of TAP were 0.006 d(-1) and approximately 11%, respectively, in the treatment with eluate from the media of constructed wetland. The contribution of plant to the remediation of TAP was 74% and C. indica played the most important role in the hydroponic system. Under the stress of TAP and without inorganic phosphorus nutrient, the activity of phosphatase in the plant system increased and phytodegradation was observed. The production and release of phosphatase is seen as the key mechanism for C. indica to degrade TAP. C. indica, which showed the potential of phytoremediation of TAP, and is commonly used in constructed wetland, so the technique of phytoremediation of TAP from contaminated water can be developed with the combination of constructed wetland.

Effects of cadmium on chlorophyll content, photochemical efficiency, and photosynthetic intensity of Canna indica Linn.

The effects of cadmium (Cd2+) on growth status, chlorophyll (Chl) content, photochemical efficiency, and photosynthetic intensity were studied on Canna indica Linn. Plant specimens that were produced from a constructed wetland and precultivated hydroponically in 20 L of 1/10 Hoagland solution under greenhouse conditions for I week were exposed to cadmium in concentrations of 0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6 and 3.2 mg L- Cd2+, respectively. The results show that leaves were injured in the Cd2+ solution by the third day of exposure and the injury became more serious with an increase in the applied heavy metal. Under 3.2 mg L-1 Cd2+ treatment, growth retardation, the decrease of chlorophyll content from 0.70 to 0.43 mg g(-1) FW, and a decrease in Chl a/b ratio from 2.0 to 1.2 were observed. Chl a was more sensitive than Chl b to Cd2+ stress. The decrease was the same with photochemical efficiency. Photosynthetic intensity decreased by 13.3% from 1.5X10(4) mumol m(-2)s(-1) CO2 in control to 1.3x10(4) mumol m(2)s(-1) CO2 in the treatment of 3.2 mg L-1. Because Canna species are used in heavy metal phytoremediation, these results show that C. indica can tolerate 0.4 to 0.8 mg L-1 Cd2+. Therefore, it is a potential species for phytoremediation of cadmium with some limitations only at higher concentrations.

O cultivo do nim (Azadirachta indica) para produção de frutos no Brasil.

2008

Propagação da mangueira (Mangifera indica L.).

O sucesso de um pomar comercial de fruteiras está ligado principalmente à qualidade da muda, aos cuidados com o plantio e manejo da cultura. A muda, na verdade, representa o insumo inicial mais importante e para o qual o produtor deve ser bastante criterioso e cuidadoso para que escolha mudas de qualidade e garanta o sucesso do empreendimento. O agricultor deve procurar viveiristas credenciados que comercializem mudas certificadas ou fiscalizadas, apresentando um padrão adequado, recomendado pela pesquisa. Para tanto, deve atentar para altura, diâmetro do caule, número de emissões foliares, tipo de enxertia, tipo de embalagem e estado vegetativo, entre outros.