Prove accelerate per la verifica strutturale di trattrici agricole

The needs of customers to improve machinery in recent years have driven tractor manufacturers to reduce product life and development costs. The most significant efforts have concentrated on the attempt to decrease the costs of the experimental testing sector. The validation of the tractor prototypes are presently performed with a replication of a particularly unfavourable condition a defined number of times. These laboratory tests do not always faithfully reproduce the real use of the tractor. Therefore, field tests are also carried out to evaluate the prototype during real use, but it is difficult to perform such tests for a period of time long enough to reproduce tractor life usage. In this context, accelerated tests have been introduced in the automotive sector, producing a certain damage to the structure in a reduced amount of time. The goal of this paper is to define a methodology for the realization of accelerated structural tests on a tractor, through the reproduction of real customer tractor usage. A market analysis was performed on a 80 kW power tractor and a series of measures were then taken to simulate the real use of the tractor. Subsequently, the rainflow matrixes of the signals were extrapolated and used to estimate the tractor loadings for 10 years of tractor life. Finally these loadings were reproduced on testing grounds with special road pavements. The results obtained highlight the possibility of reproducing field loadings during road driving on proving grounds (PGs), but the use of two field operations is also necessary. The global acceleration factor obtained in this first step of the methodology is equal to three.

Free-Ranging Wild Boar: A Disease Threat to Domestic Pigs in Switzerland?

The risk of transmission of pathogens from free-ranging wild boars (Sus scrofa scrofa) to outdoor domestic pigs (S. scrofa domesticus) is of increasing concern in many European countries. We assess this risk, using Switzerland as an example. We estimated 1) the prevalence of important pathogens in wild boars and 2) the risk of interactions between wild boars and outdoor pigs. First, we tested 252 wild boars from selected areas between 2008 and 2010 for infection with Brucella spp. Bacterial prevalence was estimated to 28.8% (confidence interval [CI] 23.0-34.0) when using bacterial culture (B. suis Biovar 2) and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Antibody prevalence was 35.8% (CI 30.0-42.0), which was significantly higher than in previous studies in Switzerland. We also tested 233 wild boars for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Antibody prevalence was 0.43% (CI 0.01-2.4) for EU-PRRSV and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction results were negative. These findings suggest that B. suis is increasingly widespread in wild boars and PRRSV is currently not of concern. Second, we documented the spatial overlap between free-ranging wild boars and outdoor piggeries by mapping data on their respective occurrence. Wild boars are most widespread in the mountain range along the western and northern Swiss borders, while most piggeries are located in central lowlands. A risk of interaction is mainly expected at the junction between these two bioregions. This risk may increase if wild boars expand eastward and southward beyond anthropogenic barriers believed to limit their range. Therefore, we evaluated the potential of expansion of the wild boar population. Population trends suggest a continuous increase of wild boars for the past 15 yr. Surveillance of selected wildlife passages using cameras on highways and main roads indicates that these barriers are permeable (average of up to 13 wild boar crossings per 100 days). Thus an increase of wild boar range should be considered. There may be a risk of B. suis spillover from wild boars in Switzerland, which could increase in the future. Data on the occurrence of interactions between pigs and wild boars are needed to assess this risk.

Vehicular traffic surveillance and road lane detection using radar interferometry

Speed enforcement on public roadways is an important issue in order to guarantee road security and to reduce the number and seriousness of traffic accidents. Traditionally, this task has been partially solved using radar and/or laser technologies and, more recently, using video-camera based systems. All these systems have significant shortcomings that have yet to be overcome. The main drawback of classical Doppler radar technology is that the velocity measurement fails when several vehicles are in the radars beam. Modern radar systems are able to measure speed and range between vehicle and radar. However, this is not enough to discriminate the lane where the vehicle is driving on. The limitation of several vehicles in the beam is overcome using laser technology. However, laser systems have another important limitation: They cannot measure the speed of several vehicles simultaneously. Novel video-camera systems, based on license plate identification, solve the previous drawbacks, but they have the problem that they can only measure average speed but never top-speed. This paper studies the feasibility of using an interferometric linear frequency modulated continuous wave radar to improve top-speed enforcement on roadways. Two different systems based on down-the-road and across-the-road radar configurations are presented. The main advantage of the proposed solutions is they can simultaneously measure speed, range, and lane of several vehicles, allowing the univocal identification of the offenders. A detailed analysis about the operation and accuracy of these solutions is reported. In addition, the feasibility of the proposed techniques has been demonstrated with simulations and real experiments using a Ka-band interferometric radar developed by our research group.

Emission factors from road dust resuspension in a Mediterranean freeway

Particulate matter emissions from paved roads are currently one of the main challenges for a sustainable transport in Europe. Emissions are scarcely estimated due to the lack of knowledge about the resuspension process severely hampering a reliable simulation of PM and heavy metals concentrations in large cities and evaluation of population exposure. In this study the Emission Factors from road dust resuspension on a Mediterranean freeway were estimated per single vehicle category and PM component (OC, EC, mineral dust and metals) by means of the deployment of vertical profiles of passive samplers and terminal concentration estimate. The estimated PM10 emission factors varied from 12 to 47 mg VKT?1 (VKT: Vehicle Kilometer Traveled) with an average value of 22.7 ? 14.2 mg VKT?1. Emission Factors for heavy and light duty vehicles, passenger cars and motorbikes were estimated, based on average fleet composition and EPA ratios, in 187e733 mg VKT?1, 33e131 VKT?1, 9.4e36.9 VKT?1 and 0.8e3.3 VKT?1, respectively. These range of values are lower than previous estimates in Mediterranean urban roads, probably due to the lower dust reservoir on freeways. PM emitted material was dominated by mineral dust (9e10 mg VKT?1), but also OC and EC were found to be major components and approximately 14 e25% and 2e9% of average PM exhaust emissions from diesel passenger cars on highways respectively.

Genetic fuzzy-based steering wheel controller using a mass-produced car

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) cover a broad range of methods and technologies that provide answers to many problems of transportation. Unmanned control of the steering wheel is one of the most important challenges facing researchers in this area. This paper presents a method to adjust automatically a fuzzy controller to manage the steering wheel of a mass-produced vehicle to reproduce the steering of a human driver. To this end, information is recorded about the car's state while being driven by human drivers and used to obtain, via genetic algorithms, appropriate fuzzy controllers that can drive the car in the way that humans do. These controllers have satisfy two main objectives: to reproduce the human behavior, and to provide smooth actions to ensure comfortable driving. Finally, the results of automated driving on a test circuit are presented, showing both good route tracking (similar to the performance obtained by persons in the same task) and smooth driving.

Spatial analysis of geometric design consistency and road sight distance

Because of the high number of crashes occurring on highways, it is necessary to intensify the search for new tools that help in understanding their causes. This research explores the use of a geographic information system (GIS) for an integrated analysis, taking into account two accident-related factors: design consistency (DC) (based on vehicle speed) and available sight distance (ASD) (based on visibility). Both factors require specific GIS software add-ins, which are explained. Digital terrain models (DTMs), vehicle paths, road centerlines, a speed prediction model, and crash data are integrated in the GIS. The usefulness of this approach has been assessed through a study of more than 500 crashes. From a regularly spaced grid, the terrain (bare ground) has been modeled through a triangulated irregular network (TIN). The length of the roads analyzed is greater than 100 km. Results have shown that DC and ASD could be related to crashes in approximately 4% of cases. In order to illustrate the potential of GIS, two crashes are fully analyzed: a car rollover after running off road on the right side and a rear-end collision of two moving vehicles. Although this procedure uses two software add-ins that are available only for ArcGIS, the study gives a practical demonstration of the suitability of GIS for conducting integrated studies of road safety.

Análise de consistência de traçado de uma rodovia de múltiplas faixas.

O número de acidentes de trânsito é crescente nas últimas décadas no Brasil. Uma das principais causas de acidentes em rodovias brasileiras é o excesso de velocidade, que contribui para a possibilidade de ocorrência de acidentes. As velocidades praticadas pelos motoristas são também função dos elementos geométricos que compõem a via (raio, rampa, largura da faixa, etc). A consistência de traçado não afeta a expectativa dos motoristas e garante uma operação segura. A maioria dos motoristas consegue perceber as falhas de coordenação, mas tecnicamente, por exemplo, desconhecem a origem das mesmas. Esta pesquisa apresenta como objetivo a análise de consistência de um trecho de uma determinada rodovia do país de múltiplas faixas, com elevado índice de acidentes e alto fluxo de veículos comerciais. Os pontos com maior ocorrência de acidentes foram identificados e realizaram-se medições de velocidade para elaboração de um modelo de previsão de velocidade operacional (V85) do trecho de estudo. De posse deste modelo, procedeu-se à análise de consistência através do método dos critérios de segurança, que identificou 2 seções com problemas de consistência. Por fim, verificou-se se estas seções correspondiam aos locais de maior número de acidentes: a tangente T5 precede uma curva com alto índice de acidentes (km 511+000); o local com maior concentração de acidentes (km 514) foi classificado como RAZOÁVEL.

Older driver perception-reaction time for intersection sight distance and object detection.

"January 1995."

Base winterization guide.

"Cold hard facts : Minot Air Force Base winterization guide"--p. following t.p.

Quantifying the night driver's visual environment.

Mode of access: Internet.

Referendum pamphlets no.1...

no. 24. On the report of the Special Committee on Water-power Development. Feb.1,1918. -- no. 33. On the report of the Committee on Public Utilities regarding local transportation. Nov.19,1920. -- no. 43. On the report of the Special Committee on Transportation. -- no. 44. On the report of the Committee on Postal Service. Jan.7,1925. -- no. 45. On Advisory Committee's report: powers of national banks. Apr.20,1925. -- no. 46. On Advisory Committee's report: inheritance taxes, coordination of national and state taxation. Apr.20,1925. -- no. 47. On legislation regarding resale prices. --no. 48. On Advisory Committee's report on the merchant marine. Mar.12,1926. -- no. 50. On the report of the Committee on Federal Taxation. Oct.7,1927. -- no. 51. On the report of the Committee on Mississippi Flood Control. Oct.31,1927. -- no. 52. On the report of the Special Committee on Agriculture. Aug.31,1928. -- no. 53. On the report of the Special Committee on Highways and Motor Transport respecting state and local road administration. Jan.9,1929. -- no. 57. On the report of the special report of the Special Committee on National Water-power Policies. Nov.7,1930. -- no. 59. On the report of the Department Committee on Natural Resource Industries. Oct.31,1931.

Training program for operation of emergency vehicles : instructor lesson plans.

Bibliography: p. 1-3 - 1-8.

Reglamento de la circulacio n.

Includes index.

Rules of the road /

Title varies; some issues have Spanish titles.

Rules of the road /

Title varies; some issues have German titles.