964 resultados para Automatic Generation Control


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Health Technical Memorandum 82 Alarm and detection systems Supplement A: Automatic fire control systems and voice alarm systems

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Health Technical Memorandum 82 Alarm and detection systems Supplement A: Automatic fire control systems and voice alarm systems

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En aquest projecte s'utilitzarà el framework AndroMDA per construir un programari que permeti generar automàticament a partir d'un model UML simple una aplicació JEE.

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Es tracta d'una recerca d'eines CASEque actualment suporten OCL en la generació automàtica de codi Java per estudiar-les ianalitzar-les a través d'un model de proves consistent en un diagrama de classes del modelestàtic de l'UML i una mostra variada d'instruccions OCL, amb l'objectiu de detectar lesseves mancances, analitzant el codi obtingut i determinar si controla o no cada tipus derestricció, i si s'han implementat bé en el codi.

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Aquesta memòria presenta un estudi de la generació automàtica de codi Java a partir de diagrames UML amb l'eina ArgoUML. El cicle de vida tradicional del programari presenta alguns problemes com la manca de sincronització entre codi i documentació, poca portabilitat i problemes de interoperabilidad. El paradigma MDA vol solucionar en part aquests problemes fent dels models el centre del desenvolupament del programari i apostant per la generació automàtica de models i codi.

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Aquest projecte està enfocat a determinar l'estat actual de les principals eines de generació automàtica de codi que existeixen, analitzant les característiques principals de cada eina determinar-ne les funcionalitats.

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L'àmbit d'aquest treball és la generació automàtica de les restriccions d'integritat (claus primàries, alternatives i comprovacions), tant per a les bases de dades relacionals com per a les orientades a objectes.

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Purpose: To determine dose thresholds, in term of CTDIvol, where subtle anatomical structures of pediatric CT images becomes no more detectable and compare them to the most recent Reference Dose Levels (DRL) proposed in the UK, Germany and Switzerland. Materials and methods: A GE LightSpeed-Ultra scanner (MSCT 8 slices) was used to perform chest and abdomen acquisitions on 8 patients (age range 2 to 16 years old) to provide a set of gold standard images. Dose reductions were then simulated by introducing image noise on raw data to provide simulated CT images with CTDIvol ranging from 2 to 22 mGy. All images were reviewed and scored independently by four experienced radiologists using the VGA methodology (Visual Grading Analysis) to determine the dose threshold where a significant loss of normal anatomy conspicuity appeared. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests, a p >0.05 was considered to be significant. Results: No significant difference in VGA scoring appeared for CTDIvol leading to image noise levels lower than 10 and 25 HU for respectively abdominal and chest acquisitions. These data can thus be used to set the AEC (automatic exposure control) system of units having similar noise properties than the GE LightSpeed-Ultra used in this study. The present DRLs proposed for pediatric CT acquisitions are compatible with an excellent image quality level. Conclusion: The differences of DRL values proposed in Europe for pediatric acquisitions are marginal and assure a very good image quality level. The results of this study allow to further optimize the acquisition protocol by giving Noise Index value to set the AEC device.

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Työn tavoitteena oli pienentää kuorinnassa syntyviä puuhäviöitä ja parantaa linjan käytettävyyttä nykyaikaisella puunkuorimolla. Tavoitteet toteutettiin automaatiojärjestelmään tehdyillä muutoksilla. Rumpukuorintaprosessi on säilynyt pitkään samanlaisena. Viime vuosina on markkinoille tullut uusia älykkäitä mittalaitteita ja optimointiin kykeneviä säätöjärjestelmiä. Uudenlaisella automaatiotekniikalla on mahdollista mitata kuorintatulosta ja kuorinnassa syntyneitä puuhäviöitä reaaliaikaisesti. Laaduntarkkailun lisäksi tietoja hyödynnetään kuorintaprosessin automaattisessa ohjauksessa. Optimaalisen kuorintatuloksen saavuttaminen edellyttää virheetöntä automaation toimintaa ja tarkkaa viritystä säädöiltä. Työssä perehdyttiin kuorimon perusautomaatioon ja ylemmän tason säädön toimintaan. Prosessinohjauksessa havaitut ongelmakohdat korjattiin. Lopputuloksena saatiin vakiokuorintatehon malli, joka pienentää puuhäviöitä ja parantaa linjaston käytettävyyttä. Saaduilla tuloksilla on merkittävä taloudellinen arvo, ja menetelmät ovat hyödynnettävissä myös toisilla rumpukuorimoilla.

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Työssä oli tarkoituksena saada toteutettua kolmiulotteiseen visualisointiin soveltuva ohjelmisto mikrokokoluokkaa olevien kappaleiden konenäköjärjestelmään. Työssä jouduttiin myös jatkokehittämään menetelmää kolmiulotteisen kuvan hankkimiseksi yhdellä kameralla mikrokokoisesta kohteesta. Kohteen kolmiulotteisella kuvalla voitaisiin suorittaa automaattista järjestelmäohjausta. Työssä tutkittiin ja selvitettiin laitteistolla saavutettavia tarkkuuksia ja nopeuksia, sen soveltamiseksi esimerkiksi mikromanipulaattorin ohjaamiseen. Lisäksi tutkittiin erilaisia kohteita joissa voitaisiin hyödyntää kolmiulotteista visualisointia. Tällaisia kohteita on kappaleiden laadunvalvonnassa tai niiden tutkimisessa ja esittämisessä. Syvyystiedon keräävällä menetelmällä oli saavutettava riittävä nopeus, jotta sillä voitaisiin tarvittaessa ohjata reaaliaikaisesti toimilaitteita. Menetelmänä käytettiin "Depth from Focusing" -menetelmää, johon VTT:llä oli jo aiemmin kehitetty automaattinen fokusointiohjelmisto. Työn puitteissa suoritettiin laitteisto- ja menetelmäkehitystä järjestelmän nopeuttamiseksi. Visualisoinnin toteuttamisen eri mahdollisuuksia kartoitettiin ja sellainen toteutettiin rakennettuun konenäköjärjestelmään.

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Production and generation of electrical power is evolving to more environmental friendly technologies and schemes. Pushed by the increasing cost of fossil fuels, the operational costs of producing electrical power with fossil fuels and the effect in the environment, like pollution and global warming, renewable energy sources gain con-stant impulse into the global energy economy. In consequence, the introduction of distributed energy sources has brought a new complexity to the electrical networks. In the new concept of smart grids and decen-tralized power generation; control, protection and measurement are also distributed and requiring, among other things, a new scheme of communication to operate with each other in balance and improve performance. In this research, an analysis of different communication technologies (power line communication, Ethernet over unshielded twisted pair (UTP), optic fiber, Wi-Fi, Wi-MAX, and Long Term Evolution) and their respective characteristics will be carried out. With the objective of pointing out strengths and weaknesses from different points of view (technical, economical, deployment, etc.) to establish a richer context on which a decision for communication approach can be done depending on the specific application scenario of a new smart grid deployment. As a result, a description of possible optimal deployment solutions for communication will be shown considering different options for technologies, and a mention of different important considerations to be taken into account will be made for some of the possible network implementation scenarios.

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The subject of Photonics is concerned with the generation,control and utilization of photons for performing a variety of tasks.It came to existence as a consequence of the harmonious fusion of optical methods with electronic technology.Wide spread use of laser based methods in electronics is slowly replacing elecrtons with photons in the field of Communication,Control and Computing .Therefore,there is a need to promote the R & D activities in the area of Photonics and to generate well trained manpower in laser related fields.Development and characterization of photonic materials is an important subject of research in the field of Photonics.Optical and thermal characterization of photonic materials using thermal lens technique is a PhD thesis in the field of Photonics in which the author describes how thermal lens effect can be used to characterize themal and optical properties of photonic materials.Plausibility of thermal lens based logic gates is also presented in this thesis.

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This paper presents Reinforcement Learning (RL) approaches to Economic Dispatch problem. In this paper, formulation of Economic Dispatch as a multi stage decision making problem is carried out, then two variants of RL algorithms are presented. A third algorithm which takes into consideration the transmission losses is also explained. Efficiency and flexibility of the proposed algorithms are demonstrated through different representative systems: a three generator system with given generation cost table, IEEE 30 bus system with quadratic cost functions, 10 generator system having piecewise quadratic cost functions and a 20 generator system considering transmission losses. A comparison of the computation times of different algorithms is also carried out.

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Unit commitment is an optimization task in electric power generation control sector. It involves scheduling the ON/OFF status of the generating units to meet the load demand with minimum generation cost satisfying the different constraints existing in the system. Numerical solutions developed are limited for small systems and heuristic methodologies find difficulty in handling stochastic cost functions associated with practical systems. This paper models Unit Commitment as a multi stage decision task and Reinforcement Learning solution is formulated through one efficient exploration strategy: Pursuit method. The correctness and efficiency of the developed solutions are verified for standard test systems

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La visualización 3D ofrece una serie de ventajas y funcionalidades cada vez más demandadas, por lo que es conveniente su incorporación a las aplicaciones GIS. El sistema propuesto integra la vista 2D propia de un GIS y la vista 3D garantizando la interacción entre ellas y teniendo por resultado una solución GIS integral. Se permite la carga de Modelos Digitales del Terreno (MDT), de forma directa o empleando servicios OGC-CSW, para la proyección de los elementos 2D, así como la carga de modelos 3D. Además el sistema está dotado de herramientas para extrusión y generación automática de volúmenes empleando parámetros existentes en la información 2D. La generación de las construcciones a partir de su altura y la elaboración de redes tridimensionales a partir de la profundidad en las infraestructuras son algunos casos prácticos de interés. Igualmente se permite no sólo la consulta y visualización sino también la edición 3D, lo que supone una importante ventaja frente a otros sistemas 3D. LocalGIS, Sistema de Información Territorial de software libre aplicado a la gestión municipal, es el sistema GIS empleado para la incorporación del prototipo. Se permite por lo tanto aplicar todas las ventajas y funcionalidades propias del 3D a la gestión municipal que LocalGIS realiza. Esta tecnología ofrece un campo de aplicaciones muy amplio y prometedor