Education and racism:a study of the teachers' and the pupils' relations in the schooling of black boys

This thesis examines the teachers' and the pupils' relations in the schooling of black boys. The study using the methodology of participant observation focusses on one school (Kilby) in an area of black population in an English city. The thesis’s intentions are two fold: firstly, in order to examine these relations, two major aspects of their interaction are addressed, that of the absence of teachers from conventional 'race-relations' research, and, the identification and examination of the anti-school pupils' sub-cultures. Two substantive questions are asked: what is the response of the teachers to the schooling of black pupils? and, what is the meaning of the pupils' resistance to schooling? Secondly, in attempting to answer these questions and offer a critique of the dominant 'race-relations' culturalist explanation of black youth's response to schooling, a theoretical framework has been developed which takes account of both the 'economic' and the 'sociological' perspectives. Methodology allowed and pointed to the importance of examining the teachers' ideologies and practices as well as those of the black boys. It is argued that a class analysis of the racially structured British society is more adequate than the conventional ethnic approach in explaining the black boys' location within Kilby School. Hence, it is posited that the major problem in the schooling of black youth is not that of their culture but of racism, which pervasively structures the social reality at Kilby school. Racism is mediated both through the existing institutional framework that discriminates against working-class youth and through the operation of race specific mechanisms, such as the process of racist stereotyping. It is thus further argued that the Kilby school teachers are of central causal significance to the - problems that the boys encounter. Furthermore, it is in response to these racist ideologies and practices that both West Indian and Asian pupils develop specific forms of collective resistance, which are seen to be linked to the wider black community, as legitimate strategies of survival.

Inter-subjective and transnational racial effects: The role of the United States in the formation and evolution of the collective perception and racial relations in Cuba, 1898–1902

Since the arrival of the first African slaves to Cuba in 1524, the issue of race has had a long-lived presence in the Cuban national discourse. However, despite Cuba’s colonial history, it has often been maintained by some historians that race relations in Cuba were congenial with racism and racial discrimination never existing as deep or widespread in Cuba as in the United States (Cannon, 1983, p. 113). In fact, it has been argued that institutionalized racism was introduced into Cuban society with the first U.S. occupation, during 1898–1902 (Cannon, 1983, p. 113). This study of Cuba investigates the influence of the United States on the development of race relations and racial perceptions in post-independent Cuba, specifically from 1898-1902. These years comprise the time period immediately following the final fight for Cuban Independence, culminating with the Cuban-Spanish-American War and the first U.S. occupation of Cuba. By this time, the Cuban population comprised Africans as well as descendants of Africans, White Spanish people, indigenous Cubans, and offspring of the intermixing of the groups. This research studies whether the United States’ own race relations and racial perceptions influenced the initial conflicting race relations and racial perceptions in early and post-U.S. occupation Cuba. This study uses a collective interpretative framework that incorporates a national level of analysis with a race relations and racial perceptions focus. This framework reaches beyond the traditionally utilized perspectives when interpreting the impact of the United States during and following its intervention in Cuba. Attention is given to the role of the existing social, political climate within the United States as a driving influence of the United States’ involvement with Cuba. This study reveals that emphasis on the role of the United States as critical to the development of Cuba’s race relations and racial perceptions is credible given the extensive involvement of the U.S. in the building of the early Cuban Republic and U.S. structures serving as models for reconstruction. U.S. government formation in Cuba aligned with a governing system reflecting the existing governing codes of the U.S. during that time period.

Volunteering, social cohesion and race: the German Technical Relief Service

This paper contributes to the debate on whether volunteering influences social cohesion, and argues that issues of race equality should be considered in this discussion. Whilst the German government, like other European states, promotes volunteering as a way of improving social cohesion, discussions on social cohesion in Germany tend not to mention race explicitly, whilst studies on volunteering tend to neglect to explore race at all. When they do, race is simply considered a factor influencing engagement, rather than a structural issue. Employing the example of the German Technical Relief Service for civil defence, the paper explores race relations and representation in Germany, where discussions on race generally remain taboo, drawing on theories of structural racism and whiteness. The paper concludes that it cannot be unproblematically assumed that volunteering leads to social cohesion in an ethnically diverse society if racial inequalities are not addressed.

Contracting Freedom: Race, Empire, and U.S. Labor Importation Programs, 1942-1964

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-06

Contested Play and Clean Water: McMillan Park, Race, and the Built Environment in Washington, D.C., 1900-1941

This study focuses on the intersection of the politics and culture of open public space with race relations in the United States from 1900 to 1941. The history of McMillan Park in Washington, D.C. serves as a lens to examine these themes. Ultimately, the park’s history, as documented in newspapers, interviews, reports, and photographs, reveals how white residents attempted to protect their dominance in a racial hierarchy through the control of both the physical and cultural elements of public recreation space. White use of discrimination through seemingly neutral desires to protect health, safety, and property values, establishes a congruence with their defense of residential property. Without similar access to legal methods, African Americans acted through direct action in gaps of governmental control. Their use of this space demonstrates how African-American residents of Washington and the United States contested their race, recreation, and spatial privileges in the pre-World War II era.

Battle for the flag

Ten years after the Cronulla riots, the violence, racism and branding of young bodies with signs and symbols of Australian nationalism, along with the reprisal attacks by Lebanese-Australian youth, continues to inflame discussions about race relations in Australia, with many conversations shifting away from ideas of multiculturalism and cultural diversity, and towards patriotism, localism, security and fear of the (predominantly) Muslim 'Other'.Battle for the Flag contextualises and challenges the narrative by drawing upon participant observation and interviews conducted with local residents of diverse backgrounds. By paying attention to the voices of bystanders and those involved, the riot is identified as an unstable and fluid formation, where the Australian flag, the beach and whiteness itself was co-opted into a much more contingent, contested and subcultural formation than hitherto described.

So far north

Short story

Synagogue Council of America records 1935-1974

Contains the constitution, by-laws, correspondence, papers, and minutes of the Synagogue Council of America (1935-1958), an incomplete set of the minutes of the Plenum, (1949-1965), the minutes of the Executive Committee (1946-1969), Officers' (Summit) Meetings (1955-1967) and the minutes and reports of the Budget Committee (1946-1966), financial reports and statements for 1942-1965 and fundraising activities (1958-1968).

Tia, a senhora é negra porque quer: narrativas que bordam memória e identidades

Esta pesquisa buscou conhecer as concepções de negritude e afrobrasilidade e compreender como as relações raciais se estabelecem no cotidiano do grupo de estudantes que integram o Coral de Vozes do Amanhã do CIEP Santos Dumont localizado no Bairro Alto Independência da cidade de Petrópolis, Região Serrana do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. A matéria prima para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa foram as narrativas orais e escritas desses sujeitos, que emergiram em sala de aula, além de tapetes bordados por eles no contexto de oficinas de textos literários infanto-juvenis de autores contemporâneos africanos e afrobrasileiros. Os resultados obtidos no decorrer desse processo poderão se transformar em fontes significativas, de modo a contribuir para a desconstrução do racismo, preconceito e desigualdades raciais, além de chamar a atenção para que se tenha escuta atenta a muitas vozes que foram historicamente silenciadas. Minha pesquisa priorizou a emergência dessas narrativas em sala de aula, que foram meu material de análise, além de uma tentativa de interferência no currículo, considerando os saberes, experiências, histórias e memórias desse grupo de crianças e jovens.

Os negros ascendentes na região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro: trajetórias e perspectivas

O presente trabalho tem como objeto de estudo homens e mulheres negros que estavam inseridos nos estratos médio e alto da sociedade fluminense. O interesse que fundamenta a pesquisa é compreender a trajetória social destas pessoas. Entender os caminhos que possibilitaram que elas estivessem presentes em níveis sociais pouco acessíveis para a população brasileira em geral, e para a população preta e parda, em especial, é um dos elementos centrais na perspectiva de mapear esta população e os mecanismos sociais que possibilitaram romper com a histórica sobreposição entre cor e estrato social, característica duradoura que as transformações sociais e econômicas não foram capazes de alterar plenamente. Focado na compreensão das trajetórias neste grupo, compreendendo a origem de sua família e o percurso feito para a inserção em uma posição de classe privilegiada ou reprodução desta posição herdada, o presente trabalho reconstrói, através de entrevistas, a trajetória dessas pessoas, dá acesso também ao conjunto das limitações que, eventualmente, possam ter se colocado frente a eles. Ou, quando possível, destaca os elementos importantes de uma configuração social que possibilitou esta inserção privilegiada.

Discriminação e preconceito no universo balé clássico

Nessa dissertação, procuro compreender como são construídas algumas formas de discriminação racial no mundo do balé clássico. Ou seja, como ser negro ou ser branco é um diferencial nesse contexto, e como esta discriminação é subjetivamente experimentada pelos bailarinos negros. O estudo qualitativo realizado teve por base as entrevistas realizadas com bailarinos daquele universo, que me ajudaram a compor o quadro das relações vivenciadas, revelando reciprocidades e disputas. O ponto de partida desse estudo foi a minha própria trajetória neste universo e a análise das biografias de Eros Volúsia, dançarina brasileira que se projetou internacionalmente, através de coreografias próprias, inspiradas na cultura brasileira e de Mercedes Baptista, a primeira bailarina negra a pertencer ao corpo de baile do Theatro Municipal do Rio de Janeiro. Meu foco principal foram as relações sociais construídas no contexto do balé clássico, bem como as estruturas de poder. Apostei na ideia de que estas se constituíam em um bom caso para se pensar como determinadas modalidades de relações raciais se apresentam no Brasil.

Cultural politics and the racial cartographics of human origins

Discussions about human origins, both scientific and pre-scientific, have frequently been freighted with the cultural politics of race relations and questions about human equality. In one way or another, maps have played a critical role in these enterprises by presenting in visual form narratives of human genesis and patterns of human ancestral lineages. In this paper I discuss how a sequence of cartographic representations of human beginnings have transacted racial power from the middle ages to the present day.

'"To have its cake and eat it too:" US policy toward South Africa during the Kennedy administration

The assumption that US policy toward Africa was characterized by continuity during the cold war has recently been challenged by scholars who argue that President John F. Kennedy embarked on an African policy that was distinct from his predecessors. This may be true for black Africa, but Kennedy’s support for African nationalism did not extend to South Africa. This article reveals that Kennedy’s cold war priorities ensured continuity in US policy toward the apartheid state and, in some cases, additional cooperation as cold war crises increased the perceived importance of South Africa as an ideological and strategic ally and bastion against communism on a rapidly changing continent. This article also explores the role South Africa’s apartheid government played in this cold war alliance. The ruling National Party recognized its importance to US foreign policy goals and used this to stave off serious American criticism of its racial policies, deflect attention in the United Nations, and ensure continued economic and military cooperation with the United States.

La aventura de viajar. La desventura de llegar

Este trabajo está dividido en dos aspectos puntales de la migración de colombianos hacia la ciudad de Nueva York. El primero, está centrado en una reconstrucción del proceso migratorio, con la finalidad de discutir y repensar la reducción que se hace del fenómeno a lineamientos netamente económicos. Para ello, ésta atiende características puntuales tales como las condiciones de inmigración, las redes migratorias y la percepción general del fenómeno por parte de los involucrados; para proponer que aspectos como la “aventura” o “el vamos a ver qué pasa” determinan en gran medida el desplazamiento de colombianos hacia el exterior. Mientras que el segundo, está enfocado en analizar el proceso subsiguiente de integración que vivencian los inmigrantes una vez entran en contacto con los universos culturales de la sociedad huésped. Para reconstruir este aspecto, en él se siguen los planteamientos del ciclo de relaciones raciales y de interacción y violencia simbólica, que permiten realizar una discusión pertinente del fenómeno en el contexto emigratorio colombiano. Este documento está basado en tres aspectos metodológicos complementarios: La reconstrucción y análisis de relatos de vida, una corta inmersión etnográfica y observación participante. Merced de ello, en él se replantean algunos factores analizados levemente en investigaciones previas sobre el caso y, además, se abren las puertas para tratamientos más profundos sobre esta población en el futuro. Palabras claves: Migración, redes migratorias, integración, reapropiación identitaria y mezcla cultural.