Taxonomic atlas of the benthic fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and western Santa Barbara Channel : final report /

"October 1993."

Index-catalogue of medical and veterinary zoology.

Description based on: 22, pt. 1, published in Dec. 1978.

Dr. H.G. Bronn's klassen und ordnungen des tier-reichs, wissenschaftlich dargestellt in wort und bild.

Contains bibliographies.

Novel mitochondrial gene content and gene arrangement indicate illegitimate inter-mtDNA recombination in the chigger mite, Leptotrombidium pallidum

To better understand the evolution of mitochondrial (mt) genomes in the Acari (mites and ticks), we sequenced the mt genome of the chigger mite, Leptotrombidium pallidum (Arthropoda: Acari: Acariformes). This genome is highly rearranged relative to that of the hypothetical ancestor of the arthropods and the other species of Acari studied. The mt genome of L. pallidum has two genes for large subunit rRNA, a pseudogene for small subunit rRNA, and four nearly identical large noncoding regions. Nineteen of the 22 tRNAs encoded by this genome apparently lack either a T-arm or a D-arm. Further, the mt genome of L. pallidum has two distantly separated sections with identical sequences but opposite orientations of transcription. This arrangement cannot be accounted for by homologous recombination or by previously known mechanisms of mt gene rearrangement. The most plausible explanation for the origin of this arrangement is illegitimate inter-mtDNA recombination, which has not been reported previously in animals. In light of the evidence from previous experiments on recombination in nuclear and mt genomes of animals, we propose a model of illegitimate inter-mtDNA recombination to account for the novel gene content and gene arrangement in the mt genome of L. pallidum.

The importance of host ecology in thelastomatoid (Nematoda : Oxyurida) host specificity

An experimental investigation of host specificity within the Thelastomatoidea is presented by means of a comparison of the thelastomatoids of two panesthiine cockroaches, Panesthia cribrata and R tryoni tryoni, with those of other log-dwelling arthropods and those of leaf litter dwelling arthropods found near by. 145 log-dwelling and leaf-litter dwelling arthropods, representing adjacent ecological niches, were collected from Lamington National Park, Queensland, Australia. A high degree of thelastomatoid species sharing (19 incidences from 26 specimens) occurs between log-dwelling arthropods and the two cockroach species. No overlap in thelastomatoid fauna was observed between the log dwelling and leaf-litter dwelling groups. Our results suggest that host specificity of thelastomatoids is largely dictated by host ecology. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Floral and faunal characteristics and content of photosynthetic pigment in soils of northern Victoria Land, Antarctica

Although soil algae are among the main primary producers in most terrestrial ecosystems of continental Antarctica, there are very few quantitative studies on their relative proportion in the main algal groups and on how their distribution is affected by biotic and abiotic factors. Such knowledge is essential for understanding the functioning of Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems. We therefore analyzed biological soil crusts from northern Victoria Land to determine their pH, electrical conductivity (EC), water content (W), total and organic C (TC and TOC) and total N (TN) contents, and the presence and abundance of photosynthetic pigments. In particular, the latter were tested as proxies for biomass and coarse-resolution community structure. Soil samples were collected from five sites with known soil algal communities and the distribution of pigments was shown to reflect differences in the relative proportions of Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta and Bacillariophyta in these sites. Multivariate and univariate models strongly indicated that almost all soil variables (EC, W, TOC and TN) were important environmental correlates of pigment distribution. However, a significant amount of variation is independent of these soil variables and may be ascribed to local variability such as changes in microclimate at varying spatial and temporal scales. There are at least five possible sources of local variation: pigment preservation, temporal variations in water availability, temporal and spatial interactions among environmental and biological components, the local-scale patchiness of organism distribution, and biotic interactions.

Influencia de la heterogeneidad del paisaje sobre la diversidad y la estructura trófica de los ensambles de artrópodos en ambientes agrícolas de la pampa ondulada

Esta tesis estudia los efectos de la heterogeneidad del paisaje (contexto) sobre la diversidad de las especies de artrópodos y su estructura trófica en agro-ecosistemas. Específicamente, se evaluó la función de los habitats no-cultivados adyacentes a los cultivos, como los alambrados, en el mantenimiento de la diversidad artrópodos mediante la modificación de los efectos de derrame (spillover) en las interfaces entre los cultivos y los habitats no-cultivados. A escala de paisaje, se presentan evidencias de la influencia de la heterogeneidad del paisaje sobre los componentes aditivos de la diversidad total (diversidad fÁ) : la riqueza local (diversidad f¿) y el reemplazo de especies (diversidad fÀ). Así, la diversidad fÀ explicó una parte importante de la variación en la diversidad total del paisaje, reflejando los cambios en el área y la densidad de los habitats no-cultivados. A escala de lote, la riqueza local y la estructura trófica de las comunidades de artrópodos variaron en función de la posición en el lote (centro, borde y alambrado) y el tipo del cultivo. Estos resultados indican que los alambrados son elementos clave en los paisajes agrícolas para mantener la riqueza regional de artrópodos. Por otra parte, se demostró que los efectos de spillover modifican los patrones de diversidad incrementando la riqueza de especies en los márgenes de los cultivos, actuando los alambrados como fuente de especies que mitigan el impacto negativo del manejo agrícola. Por último, la riqueza de especies de los ensambles de artrópodos parasíticos aumentó con la heterogeneidad del paisaje. El aumento de la frecuencia de asociaciones minador-parasitoide contribuyó a la regulación biológica de un herbívoro novel. Los resultados presentados aqui son relevantes no solo para los paisajes rurales pampeanos (grano grueso, lotes extensos, uso de la tierra heterogéneo y alta intensificación agricola), sino también para entender los factores que definen la diversidad de los ensambles de artrópodos y su relación con la provisión de servicios ecosistemicos

Influencia de la heterogeneidad del paisaje sobre la diversidad y la estructura trófica de los ensambles de artrópodos en ambientes agrícolas de la pampa ondulada

Esta tesis estudia los efectos de la heterogeneidad del paisaje (contexto) sobre la diversidad de las especies de artrópodos y su estructura trófica en agro-ecosistemas. Específicamente, se evaluó la función de los habitats no-cultivados adyacentes a los cultivos, como los alambrados, en el mantenimiento de la diversidad artrópodos mediante la modificación de los efectos de derrame (spillover) en las interfaces entre los cultivos y los habitats no-cultivados. A escala de paisaje, se presentan evidencias de la influencia de la heterogeneidad del paisaje sobre los componentes aditivos de la diversidad total (diversidad fÁ) : la riqueza local (diversidad f¿) y el reemplazo de especies (diversidad fÀ). Así, la diversidad fÀ explicó una parte importante de la variación en la diversidad total del paisaje, reflejando los cambios en el área y la densidad de los habitats no-cultivados. A escala de lote, la riqueza local y la estructura trófica de las comunidades de artrópodos variaron en función de la posición en el lote (centro, borde y alambrado) y el tipo del cultivo. Estos resultados indican que los alambrados son elementos clave en los paisajes agrícolas para mantener la riqueza regional de artrópodos. Por otra parte, se demostró que los efectos de spillover modifican los patrones de diversidad incrementando la riqueza de especies en los márgenes de los cultivos, actuando los alambrados como fuente de especies que mitigan el impacto negativo del manejo agrícola. Por último, la riqueza de especies de los ensambles de artrópodos parasíticos aumentó con la heterogeneidad del paisaje. El aumento de la frecuencia de asociaciones minador-parasitoide contribuyó a la regulación biológica de un herbívoro novel. Los resultados presentados aqui son relevantes no solo para los paisajes rurales pampeanos (grano grueso, lotes extensos, uso de la tierra heterogéneo y alta intensificación agricola), sino también para entender los factores que definen la diversidad de los ensambles de artrópodos y su relación con la provisión de servicios ecosistemicos

Organismos marinhos em estudo na Península Ibérica, com fins de utilização em saúde sensu lato: estado da arte em 2015

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz

Immunolocalization of Arthropsin in the Onychophoran Euperipatoides rowelli (Peripatopsidae)

Opsins are light-sensitive proteins that play a key role in animal vision and are related to the ancient photoreceptive molecule rhodopsin found in unicellular organisms. In general, opsins involved in vision comprise two major groups: the rhabdomeric (r-opsins) and the ciliary opsins (c-opsins). The functionality of opsins, which is dependent on their protein structure, may have changed during evolution. In arthropods, typically r-opsins are responsible for vision, whereas in vertebrates c-opsins are components of visual photoreceptors. Recently, an enigmatic r-opsin-like protein called arthropsin has been identified in various bilaterian taxa, including arthropods, lophotrochozoans, and chordates, by performing transcriptomic and genomic analyses. Since the role of arthropsin and its distribution within the body are unknown, we immunolocalized this protein in a representative of Onychophora – Euperipatoides rowelli – an ecdysozoan taxon which is regarded as one of the closest relatives of Arthropoda. Our data show that arthropsin is expressed in the central nervous system of E. rowelli, including the brain and the ventral nerve cords, but not in the eyes. These findings are consistent with previous results based on reverse transcription PCR in a closely related onychophoran species and suggest that arthropsin is a non-visual protein. Based on its distribution in the central brain region and the mushroom bodies, we speculate that the onychophoran arthropsin might be either a photosensitive molecule playing a role in the circadian clock, or a non-photosensitive protein involved in olfactory pathways, or both.