Ad. Bauer, Litterarische und historische forschungen ru Aristoteles #

Mode of access: Internet.

Fragm. lat. III 92 - Kommentar zu Aristoteles: Elenchi sophistici, L.I.

Trägerband: Ms. Praed. 139; Vorbesitzer: Kartause St. Johannes Baptista in Zeelhem; Petrus Dorlandus; Dominikanerkloster Frankfurt am Main

Fragm. lat. III 73 - Kommentar zu Aristoteles: De praedicamentis

Trägerband: Inc. qu. 1301 und ein Band mit unbekannter Signatur; Vorbesitzer: Dominikanerkloster Frankfurt am Main

Fragm. lat. III 78 - Kommentar zu Aristoteles: De coelo et mundo, L.I; II

Trägerband: 'Lambertus de Monte Ph DD 218'; Vorbesitzer: Dominikanerkloster Frankfurt am Main

Fragm. lat. III 31 - Kommentar zu Aristoteles: De anima (L. II; III)

Vorbesitzer: Dominikanerkloster Frankfurt am Main

Fragm. lat. V 73 - Kommentar zu Aristoteles: De anima (L. III); Propositiones notabiles super libros Aristotelis (De anima; Meteora; Physica, L. II c. 7 - 10)

Trägerband: Inc. oct. 473; 'Homil. cath. 686a'; Vorbesitzer: Dominikanerkloster Frankfurt am Main

Fragm. lat. X 26 - Kommentar zu Aristoteles: Perihermenias

Trägerband: Inc. qu. 1222 Bd. 2,2; Vorbesitzer: Dominikanerkloster Frankfurt am Main

Fragm. lat. IV 29 - Kommentar zu Aristoteles: Physica (u. a. L. IV 'Eodem autem modo')

Trägerband: Inc. qu. 1272; Vorbesitzer: Dominikanerkloster Frankfurt am Main

Aristoteles' Auffassung vom Sehvorgang und seinem physischen Medium

Sehen ist für den Menschen eine besonders wichtige Form der Wahrnehmung. Über den Sehsinn nimmt der Mensch ca. 80 Prozent seiner Informationen auf, sodass „etwa ein Viertel des gesamten Gehirns und 60 Prozent der Großhirnrinde, dem Sitz höherer Hirnfunktionen, mit der Analyse der sichtbaren Welt beschäftigt ist“ (Simm, 2011). Sogar auf unsere Sprache hat das Sehen einen großen Einfluss ausgeübt. So bezeichnet man auch nicht visuelle Dinge oder Darbietungen als farblos, wenn diesen „aus unserer Sicht eine bestimmt Qualität fehlt“ (Erb, 1998, S. 1). Die große Bedeutung des Sehsinns erkannte natürlich auch Aristoteles. Er widmete dem Sehen daher einige Gedanken, die überwiegend in de anima (II 7, 418a 26 – 419b 3), aber auch in de sensu (439a 21 bis 447a 11) zu finden sind. Eine besondere Schwierigkeit der Erklärung der visuellen Wahrnehmung besteht darin, dass im Unterschied zum Fühlen, Riechen und Hören unklar ist, welches Medium zur Übertragung der Sehinformationen vom Objekt ins Auge des Betrachters verwendet wird bzw. wie diese Übertragung eventuell auch ohne klar erkennbares Medium funktionieren kann. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es also, Aristoteles´ Auffassung des Sehvorganges und des hierzu benötigten Übertragungsmediums zu analysieren. Hierzu wird zunächst versucht, die teilweise schwer verständlichen und teilweise auch widersprüchlichen Ausführungen Aristoteles´ systematisch aufzuarbeiten und klar und einfach darzustellen. Dabei wird sich diese Arbeit auf das Sehen im physikalischen Sinne beschränken, also darauf wie es gelingen kann, dass Informationen über die reale Welt optisch bis zum Auge gelangen und somit der Wahrnehmung zur Verfügung stehen.

Mucosal Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis in the Brazilian Amazon

Background: Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis is a parasite recognized as the most important etiologic agent of mucosal leishmaniasis (ML) in the New World. In Amazonia, seven different species of Leishmania, etiologic agents of human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, have been described. Isolated cases of ML have been described for several different species of Leishmania: L. (V.) panamensis, L. (V.) guyanensis and L. (L.) amazonensis. Methodology: Leishmania species were characterized by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of tissues taken from mucosal biopsies of Amazonian patients who were diagnosed with ML and treated at the Tropical Medicine Foundation of Amazonas (FMTAM) in Manaus, Amazonas state, Brazil. Samples were obtained retrospectively from the pathology laboratory and prospectively from patients attending the aforementioned tertiary care unit. Results: This study reports 46 cases of ML along with their geographical origin, 30 cases caused by L. (V.) braziliensis and 16 cases by L. (V.) guyanensis. This is the first record of ML cases in 16 different municipalities in the state of Amazonas and of simultaneous detection of both species in 4 municipalities of this state. It is also the first record of ML caused by L. (V.) guyanensis in the states of Para, Acre, and Rondonia and cases of ML caused by L. (V.) braziliensis in the state of Rondonia. Conclusions/Significance: L. (V.) braziliensis is the predominant species that causes ML in the Amazon region. However, contrary to previous studies, L. (V.) guyanensis is also a significant causative agent of ML within the region. The clinical and epidemiological expression of ML in the Manaus region is similar to the rest of the country, although the majority of ML cases are found south of the Amazon River.

The mitochondrial genome of the phytopathogenic basidiomycete Moniliophthora perniciosa is 109 kb in size and contains a stable integrated plasmid

We present here the sequence of the mitochondrial genome of the basidiomycete phytopathogenic hemibiotrophic fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa, causal agent of the Witches` Broom Disease in Theobroma cacao. The DNA is a circular molecule of 109103 base pairs, with 31.9 % GC, and is the largest sequenced so far. This size is due essentially to the presence of numerous non-conserved hypothetical ORFs. It contains the 14 genes coding for proteins involved in the oxidative phosphorylation, the two rRNA genes, one ORF coding for a ribosomal protein (rps3), and a set of 26 tRNA genes that recognize codons for all amino acids. Seven homing endonucleases are located inside introns. Except atp8, all conserved known genes are in the same orientation. Phylogenetic analysis based on the cox genes agrees with the commonly accepted fungal taxonomy. An uncommon feature of this mitochondrial genome is the presence of a region that contains a set of four, relatively small, nested, inverted repeats enclosing two genes coding for polymerases with an invertron-type structure and three conserved hypothetical genes interpreted as the stable integration of a mitochondrial linear plasmid. The integration of this plasmid seems to be a recent evolutionary event that could have implications in fungal biology. This sequence is available under GenBank accession number AY376688. (c) 2008 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibition attenuates lung tissue responsiveness and remodeling in a model of chronic pulmonary inflammation in guinea pigs

We evaluated the influence of iNOS-derived NO on the mechanics, inflammatory, and remodeling process in peripheral lung parenchyma of guinea pigs with chronic pulmonary allergic inflammation. Animals treated or not with 1400W were submitted to seven exposures of ovalbumin in increasing doses. Seventy-two hours after the 7th inhalation, lung strips were suspended in a Krebs organ bath, and tissue resistance and elastance measured at baseline and after ovalbumin challenge. The strips were submitted to histopathological measurements. The ovalbumin-exposed animals showed increased maximal responses of resistance and elastance (p < 0.05), eosinophils counting (p < 0.001), iNOS-positive cells (p < 0.001), collagen and elastic fiber deposition (p < 0.05), actin density (p < 0.05) and 8-iso-PGF2 alpha expression (p < 0.001) in alveolar septa compared to saline-exposed ones. Ovalbumin-exposed animals treated with 1400 W had a significant reduction in lung functional and histopathological findings (p < 0.05). We showed that iNOS-specific inhibition attenuates lung parenchyma constriction, inflammation, and remodeling, suggesting NO-participation in the modulation of the oxidative stress pathway. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Efeito de épocas de semeadura de girassol na safrinha, em sucessão à soja no Cerrado Tocantinense

O girassol (Helianthus annuus L.), por ser uma cultura com grande tolerância à seca, ao frio e ao calor, torna-se favorável às safrinhas. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho agronômico de cultivares de girassol, em quatro épocas de semeadura direta, sobre palhada de soja na safrinha 2009, no sul do Estado do Tocantins. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados, com 20 tratamentos e três repetições. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em esquema fatorial 4 x 5, quatro épocas: EP1 (15/03/2009), EP2 (28/03/2009), EP3 (09/04/2009) e EP4 (01/05/ 2009), com cinco cultivares: H250, H251, H358, H360, e H884, sobre palhada de soja. Verificou-se interação significativa das épocas com os cultivares, para todas as características avaliadas. Houve redução em todas as variáveis avaliadas com retardamento da semeadura, exceto para peso hectolitro. Maiores produtividades de aquênios foram obtidas na EP1. O cultivar H884 teve o melhor desempenho para a maioria das variáveis analisadas.

"Francisci Barbari liber de re uxoria" (3), avec des lettres de Pogge (2, 47v).

Acquis parmi 44 mss. provenant du cabinet du pape Pie VI (Giovanni-Angelo Braschi) "peu après l'envoi principal des mss. du Vatican en 1797"; cf. B.n.F., département des Manuscrits, Archives Modernes 492, registre des acquisitions du département des Manuscrits an II-an XIV (1793-1805), f. 49, description éditée par M.-P. Laffitte, Bulletin du Bibliophile, 1989/2, 310.