Dificuldades de aprendizagem no contexto escolar: perspectivas para sua compreensão e superação

Inside my participation in the Teacher Education for the Educational Service of Students with Learning Disabilities extension project, which serves elementary school students which are presented by the school as students with learning desabilities in reading and writing, and in view of the large amount of material already published in relation of this issue it is necessary theoretical depth to better understand these entitled desabilities. Considering as how they are perceived and diagnosed by the school team, worked in the context of the classroom, understood by the parents and how these difficulties intefere in the lives of these students. It is known that due to these difficulties many students end up producing a feeling of school failure, a fact that leads, in many cases, to the dropout of these students. Given the need to discuss such pressing issues I present as the goal of this paper: characterize what learning to write and reading difficulties really are and speculate what are the possibilities of educational interventions within the school context to motivate and assist in overcoming the students‟ learning difficulties. Using resources such as a record notebook, activities already implemented, and leaning on the concept of school failure and learning difficulties, the metodology of this study is defined as documentary literature

Uma proposta de atividade para a aprendizagem significativa sobre as fases da Lua

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Autoeficácia como componente mediador de aprendizagem de elementos acrobáticos na ginástica para todos e na capoeira

The study addresses self-efficacy in learning acrobatic elements at Gymnastics for All and Brazilian Capoeira. The methodology consisted of descriptive-qualitative method of research. Questionnaires were applied to seven practitioners of modalities (04 capoeira fighters; 02 gymnastic athletes and 01 practitioner of both of them). The answer formed categories of analysis and it was found that sources of mastery and vicarious experiences plus verbal persuasion are relevant and influence the perception of performance. Fear of injury during practice and preparation of educational pre-sports activities to a better understanding of the task influence the choices and also were indicated. The coach needs to merge with playfulness and motivation, with appropriated levels of challenge to carry out the activities, thus optimizing satisfaction, participation and motivation of athletes.

Aprendizagem na contemporaneidade: jogos digitais no novo cenário em que caminha o ensino de química

Having in sight the current inertia found on the school physical environments as well as on the High School learning methods used, digital games appear as a different tool to build the individuals'/students' knowledge and becomes a driving factor for this research. The usage of this media resource tries to rescue a stimulant type of learning focused on the students' experiences while getting them closer to Science, Technology and Society (STS). The usefulness of this method falls short, however, without the capacitated guidance of a teacher. A literature review has been made about the possible schooling that electronic/digital games provide; it also brings the opinions of students and teachers to help comprehend how the insertion of this new tool in the classroom happens, as well as its efficiency and acceptance. Having in sight the relationship between individuals and the preoccupations about the future of mankind, components of humanity's destiny have been evidenced in the teaching of Chemistry. It is possible to conclude that these games can, indeed, help in the teaching process, although it is necessary that they develop a main didactic role, linked to the teaching of concepts and content, or else become only educational for that matter. Using the tools given by digital games it is possible, for example, through playfulness, to teach the theory of many abstract models, mathematical equations and chemical formulas, making it possible then to grab the students' attention, to thrill them and to develop their participation based on the experience they so often already have with cell phones and personal computers

Ambiente virtual de aprendizagem: estruturação de roteiro para curso online

O presente trabalho visa descrever os passos para desenvolvimento de um curso e sua estrutura em ambiente virtual de aprendizagem Moodle. Para tanto, a pesquisa consistiu na aplicação de conteúdos de enfermagem para oferecimento de curso online em workshop internacional para grupo de estudantes de graduação e licenciatura em enfermagem do Brasil e de Portugal. Durante a pesquisa foram registradas etapas distintas, desde o planejamento do curso passando pela construção e transformação dos conteúdos, até a disponibilização aos estudantes. As atividades interativas e conteúdos foram elaborados pelos professores com participação de equipe técnica. No trabalho são apresentados procedimentos específicos e papéis a serem desempenhados por professores, especialistas, estudantes e técnicos. Os resultados do desenvolvimento e oferecimento do curso online apontaram alguns aspectos a serem aperfeiçoados no processo de trabalho, no formato dos conteúdos e na utilização das ferramentas.

Desenvolvimento de video educativo para a aprendizagem do autocateterismo vesical intermitente

A bexiga neurogênica é uma disfunção vesical decorrente principalmente da lesão medular. O cateterismo vesical intermitente é o tratamento mais indicado na atualidade, deve ser realizado de 4 a 6 vezes ao dia, durante toda a vida, visando a proteção do trato urinário superior e a aquisição da continência urinária. Na reabilitação desses indivíduos, a autocateterização vesical é um desafio enfrentado na busca pela autonomia, privacidade, inserção social e participação. Os vídeos educativos são utilizados para o aprendizado do autocateterismo em vários países, por serem de fácil utilização e acesso via internet. Apesar disso, não existem vídeos realizados para o contexto brasileiro, levando em consideração os cateteres urinários e a técnica utilizada no Brasil. Este estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver e validar um vídeo educativo para a realização do autocateterismo vesical intermitente limpo. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, desenvolvido em duas fases: 1ª fase com a avaliação de vídeos educativos públicos direcionados para a aprendizagem do autocateterismo vesical intermitente com a técnica limpa; e 2ª Fase, com o desenvolvimento e validação de um vídeo educativo voltado para aprendizagem do autocateterismo. O levantamento dos vídeos utilizou um site de compartilhamento de vídeos utilizando o descritor \"autocateterismo\". Os vídeos foram avaliados por três juízes da área de saúde. O processo de desenvolvimento e validação do roteiro do vídeo educativo utilizou questionários previamente ratificados. Participaram dessas etapas, respectivamente, 18 e 17 juízes experts em reabilitação e/ou no ensino em saúde. O levantamento mostrou que apenas 3,5% (172) do total de vídeos disponíveis no site pesquisado eram voltados para o aprendizado do autocateterismo no contexto brasileiro. Seis vídeos eram específicos para o autocateterismo, dos quais quatro tinham informações desatualizadas ou incorretas, apenas dois atingiram a pontuação aceitável. Na validação do roteiro observou-se um predomínio de participantes do sexo feminino (94,44%), com idade de 30 a 60 anos, dos quais 72,22% possuíam mestrado e 50% atuavam há mais de cinco anos na área de reabilitação. O roteiro foi considerado validado com 96,29% das respostas dos juízes \"concordo\" ou \"concordo totalmente\" nas questões referentes ao quesito objetivo, 91,09% para quesito conteúdo, 98,12% em relação ao quesito relevância, 75% quanto ao quesito ambiente, 71,11% no quesito linguagem verbal e 92,70% referente à inclusão de tópicos. A produção do vídeo contou com uso de tecnologia 3D e apoio de uma equipe técnica especializada. No que se refere à validação do conteúdo do vídeo educativo, o conteúdo do vídeo foi considerado validado com 100% dos juízes que responderam \"concordo\" ou \"concordo totalmente\" nas questões referentes à funcionalidade, 86,27% referentes à usabilidade, 97,06% no quesito eficiência, 100% para técnica audiovisual, 94,11% quanto ao ambiente e 97,05% procedimento. O vídeo educativo foi avaliado positivamente tanto pela qualidade das informações quanto pela didática do ensino, mostrando a relevância da validação de materiais educativos. A expectativa é disseminar o vídeo educativo em diferentes centros de reabilitação e Universidades, visando propagar e tornar o conhecimento sobre a temática mais acessível à sociedade e aos profissionais de saúde, em especial os de reabilitação. Além de incentivar e embasar metodologicamente o desenvolvimento de outros vídeos educativos na área da saúde

Reestruturar a prática na sala de aula: Aprendizagem ativa e cooperativa "Entre atores e mediadores"

O presente relatório foi desenvolvido no âmbito do Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico. Apresenta o percurso refletido pela estagiária nas intervenções realizadas durante a Prática de Ensino Supervisionada. Para tal, este trabalho está sustentado em material teórico e científico de vários autores que defendem a aprendizagem ativa e a metodologia de trabalho de projeto como possíveis promotores da aprendizagem. Esta informação foi ajustada à respetiva prática educativa, na qual os/as alunos/as desempenharam um papel fundamental como participantes ativos no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. A informação obtida foi registada através de técnicas de observação direta utilizadas ao longo do estágio, com vista a perceber quais as necessidades, interesses do grupo/turma e de cada aluno/a e de que forma as aprendizagens foram significativas para o processo ensino - aprendizagem. Finalmente, pretendeu-se evidenciar que devemos ter em consideração a participação dos/as alunos/as nas estratégias utilizadas em sala de aula, visando o constante desenvolvimento da criança, o que nos torna profissionais reflexivos e críticos da nossa atuação educativa face ao processo de ensino-aprendizagem. É com estes objetivos em mente que o professor deve promover oportunidades de aprendizagens ativas e significativas, num ambiente estimulante e desafiador.

RELAÇÃO ENTRE APRENDIZAGEM E CARREIRA: ESTUDO SOBRE O PROGRAMA DE EDUCAÇÃO CORPORATIVA DE UMA EMPRESA DE TRANSPORTE DE CARGAS

Esse estudo se propõe analisar se a participação dos indivíduos em programas pertencentes à Educação Corporativa apresenta efeitos sobre a carreira e sobre o desenvolvimento pessoal dos colaboradores. Em âmbito teórico, tomam-se os trabalhos de Dutra (2002), Fleury (1997), Guns (1998) entre outros para tratar da temática de aprendizagem e as obras de Beschizza (2005), Gunz (2007) e Hall (2002) para a questão da carreira. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, de cunho, exploratório, em uma organização do segmento de transportes de cargas. Participaram do estudo líderes departamentais, sendo que para obtenção de dados foi utilizada uma entrevista baseada em roteiro semiestruturado. Como resultados, identificaram-se os caminhos da educação corporativa e desenvolvimento da carreira. Desta forma, foi possível caracterizar um modelo e exemplo prático de educação corporativa às empresas de transportes de cargas, contribuindo para a formação de uma cultura organizacional. Conclui-se que se têm efeitos sobre a participação dos colaboradores nos programas de Educação Corporativa.

CONSELHO DE CLASSE E SÉRIE PARTICIPATIVO: DIFÍCIL APRENDIZAGEM PARA UMA PRÁTICA DEMOCRÁTICA

A presente pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, está direcionada à análise das políticas educacionais ligadas à democratização da gestão escolar e demais processos escolares ligados à avaliação. Nesse contexto, é evidenciado o Conselho de Classe e Série, pois esse vem se concretizando como um dos espaços que favorecem a participação de pais e alunos, tornando-se fator determinante para a qualidade da democratização da gestão escolar e do ensino-aprendizagem. A pesquisa desenvolveu-se em três momentos: (1) análise da documentação escolar; (2) estudo de caso em duas instituições escolares da Rede Pública de São Paulo e (3) entrevistas com pais, alunos, professores e gestores que serviram de parâmetros para saber como estão realizadas as reuniões de Conselho de Classe e Série. Os objetivos da pesquisa foram voltados para verificar como vem sendo estruturada a participação da comunidade na construção da gestão democrática da escola, principalmente nas práticas do Conselho de Classe e Série.(AU)

Novas formas de governança pública: um estudo do arranjo articulado para Implementação da política pública nacional de aprendizagem profissional

The configuration assumed by the institutional governance arrangement established in the cities of Fortaleza and Natal, and its influence on the implementation of the National Public Policy of Professional Learning that promotes the formation and integration into the labor market of teens and young people aged 14 to 24 years old and people with disabilities is the aim of this thesis. The interactive governance approach, proposed by Kooiman (2003.2008) was the mainstay of the epistemological construction of the investigative process, also supported by contributions from Draibe (2001) concerning the stages of implementation of public policies. In methodological terms, the approach used was qualitative, being performed descriptive bibliographical and documentary research, applying semi-structured interviews with 44 subjects. Data were based on Bardin (2011), having been pre-established two categories of analysis: governance and implementation. The results pointed, among other things, to greater diversity and dynamics of the arrangement in Fortaleza, highlighting the much larger number of accessions of Nonprofit Entities (ESFLs) to politics, more frequent interactions between stakeholders from different organizational levels of governance, better alignment between guiding governance images and spaces designed to encourage interactions among actors and also greater local government involvement. In both cities studied, on the other hand, the study indicated that the failure of institutional capacities adversely affect the interactions stimulation and the exercise of meta-governance. The thesis concluded that the shape and intensity of the interactions between the actors involved in the implementation of the National Public Policy of Professional Learning and the way images are shared results in greater understanding and dissemination of the policy and create a favorable environment for cooperation and dialogue needed to collective work and favors the modeling of a governance structure able to handle the demands and characteristics of organizations and their participants in order to accommodate the divergent interests, make room for the creation of innovations and convergence of actions to achieve the objectives of the policy. Thus, the results of the Professional Learning Policy in the cities of Natal and Fortaleza, in terms of levels of entering the labor market, can be understood from the differences found in the governance structure of the institutional arrangement used for its implementation.

Construção de um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem para aplicação do processo de enfermagem baseado na Nanda International, NOC, NIC e CIPE®

This study aimed to build a virtual learning environment for application of the nursing process based on the NANDA-I, NOC, NIC and ICNP® . Faced with problems related to learning of the nursing process and classifications, there is an urgent need to develop innovative teaching resources that modify the relationship between students and teachers. The methodology was based on the steps inception, development, construction and transition, and the software development process Rational Process Unifield. The team involved in the development of this environment was composed by researchers and students of The Care and Epidemiological Practice in Health and Nursing and Group of the Software Engineering curse of the Federal University Rio Grande do Norte, with the participation of the Lisbon and Porto Schools of Nursing, in Portugal. In the inception stage the inter research communication was in order to define the functions, features and tools for the construction process. In the preparation, step the planning and modeling occurred, which resulted in the creation of a diagram and a architectural drawings that specify the features and functionality of the software. The development, unit testing and integrated in interfaces of the modules and areas (administrator, teacher, student, and construction of the NP). Then the transition step was performed, which showed complete and functioning system, as well as the training and use by researchers with its use in practice. In conclusion, this study allowed for the planning and the construction of an educational technology, and it is expected that its implementation will trigger a substantial change in the learning of the nursing process and classifications, with the student being active agent of the learning process. Later, an assessment will be made of functional performance, which will enable the software development, with a feedback, correction of defects and necessary changes. It is believed that the software increment after the reviews, this tool grow further and help insert this methodology and every language under the educational and health institutions, promoting paradigmatic desired change by nursing.

Acompanhamento do crescimento e desenvolvimento da criança: a participação das mães da área rural

The accompaniment of growth and development is the central thrust of child care in primary health care in order to contribute to the reduction of infant morbidity and mortality and promote healthy development. Despite its importance, the family health unit located in rural Parazinhocounty experiences the problem of frequent absences of children to follow-up consultations. Thus, this study aims to analyze the participation of mothers in the accompaniment of growth and development of children in the Family Health Strategy. This is an exploratory, descriptive study with a qualitative approach with the method action research, developed with mothers who are part of the monitoring of the growth and development of children in the rural area of the municipality of Parazinho/RN from May to October 2014. Data collection was performed using the focus group techniques, participant observation and individual interviews. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis of categorization. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee, under the opinion embodied 617,559 and CAAE 28598014.7.0000.5537. In step situation analysis, were conducted two focus groups, attended by a total of 14 mothers of different rural locations. From the speeches, one realizes that they have a satisfactory understanding of the monitoring of the growth and development of the childwas a learning moment. The nurse was mentioned as key professional that actionof accompaniment. The main reason that mothers to abandon consultations is access to health services, due to the distance from their homes to the basic unit, the shortage of public transport for the movement of users and delay between the service and the back home. As a strategy to try to tackle these problems, at the suggestion of their mothers was created Monitoring of Growth and Development Itinerant, where the FHS team moved to rural locations, performing activities related to children's health. Mothers who participated in the action approved the initiative as improving access and care of health needs, despite indicate dissatisfaction as the poor infrastructure and little privacy in consultations. Therefore, it is concluded that, despite the difficulties encountered often for lack of management support and involvement of some professionals, the monitoring of growth and development itinerant proved to be an important tool in solving the problem of access to services oriented to the health of child, in addition to functioning as a space for the realization of health education, becoming, since then, an activity inherent in family health team schedule.

A terapia comunitária e a vivência de estudantes de medicina: uma estratégia de ensino aprendizagem do cuidado humanizado na ESF?

Before the scenario full of criticism about a medical model that gives privilege to the diseases and not to the diseased, there are many arguments that defend the need of redeem the humanized relationship between doctor and patient. It became indispensable to mold during the medical graduation a professional capable of perform a special care, less instrumental and more humanized; however, even though the advances of the pedagogical program of the medical graduation, we still face numerous challenges in the process of molding. This study has as general goal to understand if the students medicine experience with the Integrative Community Therapy (TCI) at the Primary Attention – APS/Family Healthy Strategy-ESF, presents potential to configure itself while strategy of teaching-learning to the integral and humanized care. It was held a qualitative research with the students of the medical graduation from the tenth to the twelfth semester that had experience with the TCI, as part of the Boarding of Family and Community Medicine – MFC. We used interviews with script and we resorted to analyze the narratives to Gadamerian Hermeneutics. It was possible to find that before join the boarding of MFC, the students were unaware the TCI and their preconceptions lined up with depreciated character. The experience with the TCI enabled the reframing of the prejudices and the build of new concepts. Internship in ESF and participate of TCI revealed potential to learning of the humanized care by the practical exercise with experiences that privilege the built of ties; the autonomy of the patient; the fulfillment of the longitudinality at the care of the patient; the acknowledgment of the power of resilience of the patients, at the strength of the collective, at the pain sharing, at the strength of a good communication, at the gains of qualified listening exercise. The absence of models of what to do was replaced by experiences of pains and joys at the learning of becoming a doctor. The pains spoke of the structural difficulties (inputs), at the get along with the socials vulnerabilities of the users and the difficult of perform a good communication with the patients. The joys were experienced at the finding of the humanized care exercise. Questions as structural difficulties, low number of people with TCI degree, a shortly experience of with TCI, show up as limitations to its utilization as pedagogical tool. In turn, the reflective potential is capable of cause resignifications about the know-how before the pain of the other being very much present at the narratives, signaling the potential of the learning of TCI. Therefore, this study advocate that the participation of the students at the TCI, beyond the power of offering the students a teaching-learning strategy to the humanized care, represents the possibility of enlarge the horizons of those future doctors at a glance much more conscious of the difficulties and potential of a professional at the ESF, contributing to the graduation of more sensitized professionals and prepared to perform an integral and humanized approach of the person and his/her community, contributing to an APS/ESF more resolute and rewarding to everyone.

Dificuldades de aprendizagem do conteúdo de soluções: proposta de ensino contextualizada

The study of solutions is considered very important to chemist’s education because most of the chemical reactions occur in aqueous medium, being also required to understand other subject such as chemical changes, electrochemical and chemical balance. Nevertheless, it is noticed that many students indicate learning difficulties related to the content of solutions, how to pass among the macro-submicroscopic knowledge levels, and how to solve quantitative problems that demanding the establishment of a stoichiometric ratios. This thesis defended considers the use of contextualized teaching strategies about some subject associated to the study of solution, can foster student learning through reflection and understanding of their own difficulties, besides to provide motivation and active participation. The target group is formed by students of the undergraduate distance education with major in chemistry education of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), and they were chosen because this education system is expanding and its learning difficulties publications number is reduced as well. Thus, the first methodological stage was to identify the student’s main learning difficulties associated to the study of solutions through literature sources. Next, using an adapted script of the Plano Nacional do Livro Didático para o Ensino Médio (PNLEM, Textbook National Plan for High School), the approach of the content of solutions printed in educational materials used by the target group was analyzed. Afterward, a teaching unit was planned in the last methodological stage and, finally, a new teaching unite was given with a sequence of contextualized activities such as video presentation, dialogued lecture, questionnaires application, exercises, and an experiment, where the target group’s main difficulties related to learning of solution were identified. The participants of the teaching unit activities had some learning difficulties in understand concepts of compound, ion, charge, entropy and solubility, as well as to identify the ion charge, interpret statements, decode tables, use the chemical language, perform mathematical calculations and use concentration units, similar results raised in the literature sources. In order to work on these difficulties, these students were encouraged to expose, question and test their ideas about the phenomenon under study, allowing learn from their mistakes and reflect on the organization strategy of scientific explanatory models they use. Therefore, activities and information about learning difficulties presented in this thesis need to be critical reflection object, because it can help both students in the process of acquiring knowledge about the content of solutions and professors in the planning of their lessons.

A relação entre memória de trabalho e competência leitora em crianças em risco de transtorno de aprendizagem do Projeto Acerta: um estudo exploratório

Reading and writing are essential rights, which involve individual and social aspects; in addition, these skills are important when it comes to socio economic and political development, critical thinking and an active participation in society (UNESCO 2005). From a neurobiological standpoint, our brain is not prepared for reading, and this practice must be deliberately acquired via instructional guidance (DEHAENE 2009). However, reading disorders and deficits within executive functions, such as low working memory capacity, can make reading arduous. The aim of this study is to investigate the development of reading skills within 45 third grade students from public schools in the city of Natal – RN and its connection to working memory capacity, through information gathered from the Provinha Brasil, data generated from working memory tasks (Portuguese version of AWMA - Automated Working Memory Assessment) and fluid intelligence measures RAVEN. Based on this main objective, we attempted to answer the following research questions: (a) What are the correlations between working memory and reading scores?; (b) What characterizes the relationship between working memory capacity and the risk of reading disabilities amongst the participants in this study?; Following a quantitative research methodology, the Provinhas Brasil from 3rd grade students belonging to the six public schools members of Project ACERTA - Avaliação de Crianças em Risco de Transtornos de Aprendizagem (CAPES/OBEDUC)- were analyzed and compared to the scores from the working memory tests and the fluid intelligence ones. Results indicate that reading skills within children at risk of reading disabilities are directly linked to working memory capacity, especially with regards to the phonological component. It is also evident that the participants with less working memory capacity show more difficulties in the reading abilities that demand interpretation skills. Thus, we intend to contribute to the discussion regarding the diagnosis of reading disabilities and possible intervention strategies.