972 resultados para Ansiedade
Resumo:
Fez-se um estudo sobre stress e ansiedade com alunos do ensino superior. O objectivo foi diminuir estes factores através da técnica Terapia por Reestruturação Vivencial e Cognitiva (TRVC) que consiste na indução do Estado Modificado de Consciência (EMC) através das técnicas de relaxamento e hipnose. O EMC facilita o acesso às memórias inconscientes. Procurou-se fazer a ligação do stress e ansiedade com os eventos traumáticos que estão na sua origem. A intervenção foi composta por duas TRVC; a amostra foi constituída por estudantes universitários portugueses da Universidade da Madeira (um grupo de 13 participantes, 10 femininos e 3 masculinos, com idades compreendidas entre 19 e 39 anos). No final da intervenção observaram-se mudanças positivas na maioria dos participantes.
Resumo:
Os utilizadores de transportes públicos enfrentam dificuldades no seu dia-a-dia quando usam o autocarro para deslocar-se. Essas dificuldades passam por atrasos pessoais, por enganos na consulta dos horários das carreiras, entre outros, resultando na perda do autocarro. Este trabalho consistiu no desenvolvimento de uma aplicação móvel para a plataforma Android, tendo como principal objectivo fornecer ao utilizador uma ferramenta leve, rápida e útil para utilizar quando se encontra em movimento. O público-alvo desta aplicação são os utilizadores de transportes públicos da empresa Horários do Funchal, que necessitam de realizar deslocações frequentes, e não têm acesso constante à internet, dentro e fora de casa. Realizou-se uma pesquisa, através de um inquérito divulgado nas redes sociais, aos utilizadores de transportes públicos e, posteriormente, utilizou-se essa pesquisa no processo de brainstorming para construir as ideias para as funcionalidades da aplicação. Também se pesquisaram por outras aplicações com objectivos semelhantes e compararam-se essas com a aplicação desta dissertação. Posteriormente, implementou-se o primeiro protótipo e realizaram-se mais testes com novos utilizadores, que usaram a aplicação no seu dia-a-dia. Após se terem corregido os erros encontrados pelos utilizadores na aplicação, lançou-se uma versão beta online no mercado da Google Play. Os resultados obtidos com esta aplicação comprovam não só que existe a necessidade de uma aplicação destas no mercado, mas também permitiram ainda recolher dados sobre melhoramentos que podem ser feitos na mesma. Ao desenvolver esta aplicação pôde-se compreender as necessidades e as limitações que são impostas pelo cliente, como também colocar em prática os conhecimentos adquiridos ao longo do curso.
Resumo:
Na infância, a hospitalização, em especial por circunstâncias cirúrgicas, constitui uma experiência potencialmente ameaçadora e causadora de ansiedade, medo e stress, que não se circunscreve apenas à criança, mas também aos pais e à família. A presença de níveis elevados de ansiedade infantil pode ter consequências nefastas e comprometedoras do desenvolvimento psicológico. A preparação psicológica da criança é crucial para a redução da ansiedade e das alterações do comportamento pós-hospitalização, razão porque considerámos fundamental colmatar a inexistência de um programa similar destinado ao utente pediátrico do HDESPDL. Desta forma, concebemos o Programa Infantil de Preparação para a Cirurgia (PIPCirurgia), um instrumento de preparação psicológica destinado a crianças entre os 6-11 anos propostas para cirurgia eletiva com internamento programado. O PIPCirurgia pretende preparar criança e pais, trabalhar estratégias de coping e reduzir a ansiedade e as alterações comportamentais pós-hospitalização. Validámos a sua utilidade através de um plano metodológico experimental aplicado a uma amostra de 60 crianças, equitativamente subdividida em Grupo Experimental (submetido ao PIPCirurgia) e Grupo de Controlo (recebeu o procedimento atualmente disponibilizado pela instituição). A investigação efetivou-se através de dois estudos, Estudo I: Ansiedade infantil e Caraterísticas Sociodemográficas e Estudo II: Efeitos do PIPCirurgia na redução da Ansiedade Infantil e das Alterações do Comportamento Pós-Hospitalização. Utilizaram-se métodos de recolha de dados quantitativos. Aplicou-se um Questionário de Caraterização Sociodemográfica, a versão traduzida e validada para a população portuguesa do State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children, e uma versão por nós traduzida e testada do Post-Hospitalization Behavior Questionnaire. Concluímos que, para as amostras em estudo, existiu uma relação entre a Ansiedade Infantil e a presença de antecedentes familiares de doença, assim como entre a Ansiedade-Estado pré-operatória e a situação de emprego materno. Confirmou-se a utilidade do PIPCirurgia para reduzir a Ansiedade Infantil relacionada com a cirurgia e minimizar as alterações comportamentais pós-hospitalização.
Resumo:
It is a Cross-sectional and multi-disciplinary study whose population selection was made by department of human resources (composed by a Manager, an Oncologist and a Psychologist) from the hospital where this research was realized. They also collaborated with important information about the work of that professionals in the hospital. We also counted on a Statistic who made study design calculating the sample and analyzing data. This research issued Evaluating health professionals anxiety levels who care for cancer terminally ill and their feelings about that work as well as identifying the factors which have influence on it. 100 health professionals from the Hospital which is a reference on cancer caring in Brazil situated in the city of Natal, state of Rio Grande do Norte, participated of this research. There was a sample loss of 21%. Data were collected through a questionnaire and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Results showed that 15% of the professionals have low State Anxiety levels, 70% Medium State Anxiety levels and 15% high State anxiety levels. The Number of Patients and Working in another Institution have interfered in the anxiety levels. Doctors and Nursing Assistants and Technicians have got the highest high State Anxiety percentage (25%). 73% of them declare to feel some sort of different behavior and/or feelings in caring for terminally ill. The most remarkable professionals feelings were Suffering and Sadness, and Terminally ill Children was the most difficult age group to care for. We conclude that work overload and having more than one job can interfere in professional stress levels and anxiety. Dealing with terminally ill, specially children one, can cause on the professionals psychological suffering. It s recommended the development of supporting and training strategies to reduce and/or to prevent Stress and Anxiety high levels
Resumo:
Neste trabalho procuramos estudar o fenômeno do bruxismo, definido como o ato de apertar e/ou ranger os dentes, hábito prejudicial à região orofacial relacionado a varáveis psicossociais. O bruxismo é frequentemente associado aos aspectos emocionais, entre os mais ressaltados, a ansiedade e o estresse, podendo implicar em alterações das estruturas orofaciais, modificações funcionais e inclusive com repercussões sociais. Deste modo, torna-se relevante evidenciar que a pesquisa foi desenvolvida, visando o contexto multidisciplinar, abrangendo a Fonoaudiologia, Odontologia e Psicologia. Objetivo: verificar associação entre bruxismo, ansiedade e as principais queixas referentes à função mastigatória. Método: participaram oitenta voluntários, divididos entre grupo com bruxismo (N=40) e sem bruxismo (N=40), do sexo masculino e feminino. O diagnóstico do bruxismo foi realizado através do exame clínico. Para avaliar os níveis de ansiedade empregou-se o Inventário de Ansiedade Traço e Estado e para os aspectos psicossociais um questionário com questões estruturadas referentes às atividades diárias, focando a função mastigatória (para o grupo com bruxismo). Resultados:: Os resultados permitem evidenciar diferenças significativas entre os grupos analisados, a média e desvio padrão de ansiedade estado no grupo com bruxismo, 42,7±9,6 e sem bruxismo 38,6±8,2 (p ≤0,04) e de ansiedade traço respectivamente 44,5±11,0 e controle 40,7±9,5 (p ≤0,11). O relato dos participantes com bruxismo evidenciou como principais queixas durante a mastigação, dor na face ao mastigar, cansaço muscular na face, cefaleia ao mastigar e presença de ruídos articulares. Conclusões: Evidenciamos uma associação dos fatores emocionais como a ansiedade e o bruxismo, e como resultante os pacientes apontam que a função mastigatória encontra-se depreciada
Resumo:
Some studies reported in the literature that emotional factors and quality of life may be involved both in aetiology, as in the progression of Temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Proposition: The purpose of this study is to observe a possible association between different forms of anxiety, quality of life and general health of patients diagnosed as carriers of various types and levels of Temporomandibular Dysfunction. Methodology: The sample consisted of 60 patients diagnosed as carriers of TMJD origin of muscle, joint, or both, with different levels of severity (mild TMD, moderate and severe). The patients were diagnosed with TMD-RDC (Research Diagnostic Criteria) to assess the type of dysfunction (muscle or joint) and by the Protocol of Fonseca to verify the degree of dysfunction (mild, moderate or severe). To evaluate the psychosocial aspects were used three self-applied, with the purpose of obtaining information about the general health (General Health Questionnaire - GHQ), the type of anxiety (Trait Anxiety Inventory-State - STAI) and quality of life (World Health Organization Quality Of Life Short WHOQOL-brief). Results: There was a correlation between all indicators studied in several forms of TMD with varying degrees of commitment. Quality of life appeared linked to the type and the level of TMD: Muscular and Articular TMD (p = 0,037), Disk Displacement With Reduction (p = 0.01) and Mild TMD (p = 0.042). The General Health showed association with the level of TMD, with the exception of the stress factor (p = 0.78). For the analysis of the types and levels to Severe Muscular TMD had a statistically significant indicator of the quality of life (p = 0049). The anxiety only showed association with the level of TMD (p = 0,047 for anxiety-trait). Conclusion: Besides the limitations of the study, it was concluded that anxiety, quality of life and general health are important psychosocial indicators, which are linked to several forms of TMD in different levels of severity
Resumo:
Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is a relatively common, cronic inflammatory disease. Its etiopathogenesis is no completely understood and several factors have proposed in attempt to explain the appearance, variety of clinical manifestations and periods of exacerbation and remission of the symptons of the lesions. The objective of the present study was to assess the presence of local factors, systemic diseases and levels of anxiety in patients with OLP, investigating their association with the clinical characteristics of the lesions. The sample consisted of 37 patients with histopathologically confirmed OLP that were submitted to a clinical exam to evaluate the presence of smoking habits, consumption of alcoholic beverages, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The existence of skin lesions, as well as the time course, clinical form, symptomatology, number and location of the oral lesions were also registered. The trait anxiety was measured by Spielberger s Stai-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and to associate the variables we used the chi-square or Fisher s exact test. It was observed that females were the most affected (75%) and the mean age of the patients was 53,3 years. Most cases were non-smoker (97,3%) and none was drinker. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension were present in 10,8% e 16,2% of the sample, respectively and only one patient was HCV-seropositive (2,7%). Moderate levels of anxiety were seen in most cases (78,4%) and 21,6% had elevated levels. The oral lesions persisted in 95% of the cases for a period of 6 months to 13 years. The erosive form was the most prevalent (57,1%) and symptons were reported by 45,7% of the patients. Multiple lesions were frequent (60%), affecting mainly the buccal mucosa, followed by gums e tongue. There was no significant association of the presence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and levels of anxiety with the clinical form or symptomatology of the oral lesions (p>0,005), despite a trend in patients with hypertension to have erosive lesions. It was concluded that, in the sample studied, moderate levels of anxiety were commonly observed, and the HCV infection apparently is not related to the onset of the OLP. In this study, the presence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and levels of anxiety seem not to be associated with the clinical characteristics of the lesions of OLP
Resumo:
The plus-maze discriminative avoidance paradigm has been used to study the relationship between aversive memory and anxiety. The present study aims to verify if the elevated plus-maze can provide information about appetitive memory and anxiety, through a task motivated by food reward. Animals were allowed to explore an elevated plus-maze and received reinforcement in one of the enclosed arms. In a test session performed 24h later, in the absence of reward, rats showed preference for the previously rewarded enclosed arm over the neutral enclosed arm. The administration of diazepam and pentylenetetrazole before training induced, respectively, anxiolytic and anxiogenic effects (as evaluated by open-arm exploration). Both drugs induced amnestic effects, i.e., lack of preference for the rewarded arm in the test session. The results suggest that appetitive memory can be influenced by anxiety levels as well. The plus-maze appetitive discrimination task seems to be a useful model to investigate the relationship between memory and anxiety
Resumo:
Memory and anxiety are related phenomena. Several evidences suggest that anxiety is fundamental for learnining and may facilitate or impair the memory formation process depending of the context. The majority of animal studies of anxiety and fear use only males as experimental subjects, while studies with females are rare in the literature. However, the prevalence in phobic and anxiety disorders is greater in women than in men. Moreover, it is known that gender maybe influence benzodiazepine effects, the classic drugs used for anxiety disorders treatment. In this respect, to further investigate if fear/anxiety aspects related to learning in female subjects would contribute to the study of phobic and anxiety disorders and their relationship with learning/memory processes, the present work investigates (a) the effects of benzodiazepine diazepam on female rats performance in a aversive memory task that assess concomitantly anxiety/emotionality, as the interaction between both; (b) the influence of estrous cycle phases of female rats on diazepam effects at aversive memory and anxiety/emotionality, and the interaction between both and (c) the role of hormonal fluctuations during estrous cycle phases in absence of diazepam effects in proestrus, because female rats in this phase received or not mifepristone, the antagonist of progesterone receptor, previously to the diazepam treatment. For this purpose, the plus maze discriminative avoidance task, previously validated for studies of anxiety concomitantly to learning/memory, was used. The apparatus employed is an adaptation of a conventional plus maze, with two opens arms and two closed arms, one of which presenting aversive stimulation (noise and light). The parameters used were: time in non-aversive arm compared to time in aversive and percentage of time in aversive arm on several temporal divisions, in order to evaluate memory; percentage of time in open arms, risk assessment, head dipping and end exploring to evaluate anxiety ; and distance traveled for locomotion. In experiment I, we found anxiolytic effect of diazepam only for 4 mg/kg dose, however the amnestic effect appear at a dose of 2 mg/kg. In second experiment, rats were divided in groups according estrous cycle phase (metaestrus/diestrus, proestrus e estrus). In this experiment, when we considered estrous cycle phase or diazepam treatment, the results did not demonstrate any differences in anxiety/emotionality parameters. The amnestic effects of diazepam occur in female rats in metestrus/diestrus and estrus and is absent in proestrous rats. Proestrous female rats that received mifepristone exhibited the amnestic effect of diazepam and also anxiolytic effects, that it was not previously observed in this dose. The results have demonstrated dissociation of anxiolytic and amnestic diazepam effects, not previously observed in males; the absence of amnestic effect of diazepam in proestrous phase; and the possible role of progesterone in aversive memory over diazepam effect, because the mifepristone, associated with diazepam, caused amnestic effect in proestrus