Masculinities in Conflict: Representations of the Other in Narrative during the Spanish Civil War

In this article, I analyze the representation of the Other in three texts that were published during the Spanish Civil War: El infierno azul (1938?), by Republican Isidro R. Mendieta, and two closely related works by Falangist Jacinto Miquelarena: Cómo fui ejecutado en Madrid (1937) and El otro mundo: La vida en las embajadas de Madrid (1938). Although these texts adhere to different political ideologies and are stylistically very divergent, they are similar in their constant criticisms of the enemy. Furthermore, both Republicans and rebels tend to depict the enemy as possessing an inadequate masculinity. He is described, on one hand, as a beast or an animal, unable to control his instincts, and, on the other hand, as an unmanly and effeminate coward. Thus, for the construction of the nation, the Other presents an inappropriate masculinity, which is either excessive and uncontainable, or insufficient. Therefore, national ideologies seem to propose a normative masculinity that is located in an ambiguous middle ground: a masculinity that is able to control animal instincts yet capable of heroic acts.

The sacralization of politics and the politization of the sacred during the Spanish Civil War and the first francoism (1936-1943)

Tra il 1936 e il 1943 la Spagna visse un periodo di guerra civile e scontri fra la Falange e la Chiesa. Tutto ciò non fece altro che innalzare la figura di Franco, un generale, che viene sacralizzato e che governò per quasi 40 anni

Nordic Film Series: "To My Son in Spain: Finnish Canadians in the Spanish Civil War"

Finlandia University's Nordic Film Series, a free event open to the public, will feature two viewings of "To My Son in Spain: Finnish Canadians in the Spanish Civil War," with writer Dr. Saku Pinta available for questions. This documentary features the story of Jules Päiviö (1916-2013), who was the last surviving Canadian volunteer of the Mackenzie-Papineau Battallion of the “International Brigades”.

Nordic Film Series: "To My Son in Spain: Finnish Canadians in the Spanish Civil War"

Finlandia University's Nordic Film Series, a free event open to the public, will feature two viewings of "To My Son in Spain: Finnish Canadians in the Spanish Civil War," with writer Dr. Saku Pinta available for questions. This documentary features the story of Jules Päiviö (1916-2013), who was the last surviving Canadian volunteer of the Mackenzie-Papineau Battallion of the “International Brigades”.

Reuse of Spanish civil war air-raid shelters in Alicante: the R46 Balmis and R31 Seneca shelter

More than a hundred public air-raid shelters were constructed beneath Alicante during the Spanish Civil war. Their architectural uniqueness and humanitarian purpose render these shelters a tangible testament to our recent history. The Alicante Municipal Archives hold reports written by technicians who inspected the shelters in the 1940s, which were subsequently included in the Special Plan for public shelters in 1953. Half a century later, in 2003, information on the air-raid shelters was included in another Special Plan aimed at protecting Alicante’s archaeological heritage. Thanks to the work of the Municipal Heritage Conservation unit (COPHIAM) and the Special Protection Plan for Urban Archaeology (PEPA), the exact or approximate locations were identified for almost 90% of the shelters known to have existed. This paper describes interventions in two of these architectural spaces using advanced museology techniques. The first concerns air-raid shelter R46, located in the Plaza del Dr. Balmis in the city centre. This was built in 1938, and is rectangular with two entrances. The second is air-raid shelter R31, located in the Plaza Séneca.

Mexico, Aztec, Spanish and republican : a historical, geographical, political, statistical and social account of that country from the period of the invasion by the Spaniards to the present time : with a view of the ancient Aztec empire and civilization, a historical sketch of the late war, and notices of New Mexico and California /

Mode of access: Internet.

Historia constitutionis epidemicae verminosae, quae annis 1760, 1761, 1762 & initio 1763, per insulam Overflacque et contiguam Goedereede grassata fuit, cum perpetuis fere commentariis in praecipuos verminantium morbos ... /

Mode of access: Internet.

C. Julius Caesar's Commentaries of his wars in Gaul, and civil war with Pompey : To which is added, a supplement to his Commentary of his wars in Gaul; as also, Commentaries of the Alexandrian, African, and Spanish wars, by Aulus Hirtius, or Oppius, etc. With the author's life. Adorn'd with sculptures from the designs of the famous Palladio /

Mode of access: Internet.

Observations on occurrences in the River Plate, as connected with the foreign agents and the Anglo-French intervention : translated from the spanish.

Mode of access: Internet.

The economic societies in the Spanish world, 1763-1821.

Mode of access: Internet.

Tales of Aztlan; the romance of a hero of our late Spanish-American war; incidents of interest from the life of a western pioneer, and other tales,

First edition (1907) under title: Wooed by a sphinx of Aztlan.

The United States and the Spanish Civil War.

Mode of access: Internet.

C. Julius Cæsar's Commentaries of his wars in Gaul, and civil war with Pompey. : To which is added Aulus Hirtius or Oppius's Supplement of the Alexandrian, African and Spanish wars. : With the author's life. : Adorn'd with sculptures from the designs of the famous Palladio. /

Advertisements on p. [10]-[13] at end.

Outline of the revolution in Spanish America; or, An account of the origin, progress, and actual state of the war carried on between Spain and Spanish America; containing the principal facts which have marked the struggle.

Mode of access: Internet.