Simulador radiográfico antropomórfico de mama humana

Mammography is a diagnostic imaging method in which interpretation depends on knowledge of radiological aspects as well as the clinical exam and pathophysiology of breast diseases. In this work a mammography phantom was developed to be used for training in the operation of mammographic x-ray equipment, image quality evaluation, self-examination and clinical examination of palpation. Polyurethane was used for the production of the phantoms for its physical and chemical properties and because it is one of the components normally used in prostheses. According to the range of flexibility of the polyurethane, it was possible to simulate breasts with higher or lower amount of adipose tissue. Pathologies such as areolar necrosis and tissue rejection due to surgery reconstruction after partial mastectomy were also simulated. Calcifications and nodules were simulated using the following materials: polyethylene, poly (methyl methacrylate), polyamide, polyurethane and poly (dimethyl silicone). Among these, polyethylene was able to simulate characteristics of calcification as well as breast nodules. The results from mammographic techniques used in this paper for the evaluation of the phantoms are in agreement with data found in the literature. The image analyses of four phantoms indicated significant similarities with the human skin texture and the female breast parenchyma. It was possible to detect in the radiographic images produced regions of high and low radiographic optical density, which are characteristic of breasts with regions of different amount of adipose tissue. The stiffnesses of breast phantoms were adjusted according to the formulation of the polyurethane which enabled the production of phantoms with distinct radiographic features and texture similar to human female breast parenchyma. Clinical palpation exam of the phantoms developed in this work indicated characteristics similar to human breast in skin texture, areolar region and parenchyma

Influência da terapêutica hormonal prévia sobre os indicadores de prognóstico do câncer de mama em mulheres na pós-menopausa

OBJETIVO: avaliar a influência da terapêutica hormonal (TH) prévia sobre alguns indicadores de prognóstico do câncer de mama, em pacientes na pós-menopausa. MÉTODOS: estudo transversal por meio da aplicação de questionários e levantamento de prontuários. Foram entrevistadas 157 pacientes com diagnóstico de câncer de mama na pós-menopausa, registrando-se dados clínicos, antecedentes pessoais e familiares, uso de TH e mamografias. Nos prontuários foram obtidas informações sobre o câncer de mama quanto ao diâmetro do tumor, tipo de cirurgia e estudo imuno-histoquímico. Para a estatística empregou-se ANOVA e teste do chi2. RESULTADOS: 38,2% das pacientes eram ex-usuárias de TH e 61,8% não usuárias. O tempo médio de uso da TH foi de 3,7±3,6 anos. As ex-usuárias eram de menor faixa etária e com menor tempo de menopausa quando comparadas às não usuárias (p<0,05). Constatou-se que 26,8% das pacientes apresentavam antecedentes familiares de câncer de mama, em ambos os grupos. Entre as ex-usuárias de TH, 43,3% foram submetidas a mamografias prévias, ao passo que entre as não usuárias, apenas 11,3% (p<0,001). O diâmetro médio do tumor foi menor entre as ex-usuárias de TH (2,3±1,1 cm), com predomínio de quadrantectomias (60%), quando comparadas as não usuárias (3,3±1,5 cm e 32%, respectivamente) (p<0,001). No estudo imuno-histoquímico, observou-se correlação positiva entre a presença de receptores de estrogênio e progesterona positivos e o uso de TH (p<0,001). Não houve correlação entre TH e c-erbB-2 e p53. CONCLUSÃO: nesta casuística, as mulheres na pós-menopausa que usaram TH prévia ao diagnóstico de câncer de mama apresentaram indicadores de prognóstico mais favoráveis quando comparadas às não usuárias.

Alterações de fluxos sanguíneos cerebrais regionais (FSCr) avaliados através de SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) em pacientes com câncer de mama submetidas à quimioterapia adjuvante

Pós-graduação em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (Biotecnologia Médica) - FMB

Utilização do bisturi harmônico em mastectomias radicas para câncer de mama com comparação com o bisturi elétrico convencional

Pós-graduação em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (Biotecnologia Médica) - FMB

Avaliação prognóstica e características anatomoclínicas do carcinoma mucinoso da mama

Pós-graduação em Ginecologia, Obstetrícia e Mastologia - FMB

Valor prognóstico da cintilografia de mamas com Sestamibi-99mTc na predição da resposta do tumor localmente avançado da mama a quimioterapia neoadjuvante

Pós-graduação em Ginecologia, Obstetrícia e Mastologia - FMB

Avaliação das pressões respiratórias máximas e expansibilidade pulmonar em pacientes portadoras de câncer de mama e submetidas a tratamento cirúrgico

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Correlação da ciclooxigenase-2 com Ki-67, P53 e Caspase-3 nas neoplasias de mama de cadela

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Detecção de inseticidas piretróides em tecido adiposo de neoplasia maligna de mama em cadelas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estudo anátomo-clínico do linfonodo sentinela no câncer de mama

Pós-graduação em Ginecologia, Obstetrícia e Mastologia - FMB

Perfil imunoistoquímico do carcinoma de Paget da mama

Pós-graduação em Ginecologia, Obstetrícia e Mastologia - FMB

Expressão de citoceratinas de padrão basal (CK5/6), luminal (CK8/18) e actina de músculo liso (1A4) em carcinoma de mama

Pós-graduação em Ginecologia, Obstetrícia e Mastologia - FMB

Análise de fatores clínicos, radiológicos e patológicos que influenciam o tratamento cirúrgico do câncer de mama localmente avançado, submetido à quimioterapia neoadjuvante

Pós-graduação em Ginecologia, Obstetrícia e Mastologia - FMB

Tempo para acesso ao tratamento do câncer de mama no Distrito Federal, Brasil Central

PURPOSE: To analyze the time between the first symptom and treatment in patients treated for breast cancer in public hospitals in the Federal District. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional analysis. We interviewed 250 women diagnosed with breast cancer treated in six hospitals of the State Department of Health of the Federal District from November 2009 to January 2011. The time intervals studied were the time between the detection of the symptoms and treatment subdivided into intervals until and after the first medical appointment. The variables were: age, menopausal status, color, educational level, average monthly household income, origin, reason for the initial consultation, staging, tumor size, laterality, metastasis to axillary lymph nodes, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and type of surgery. The Mann-Whtney test was used to assess the association of these variables with the time intervals until treatment. RESULTS: The mean age was 52 years, with a predominance of white women (57.6%), from the Federal District (62.4%), with a family income of up to 2 minimum wages (78%), and up to four years of schooling (52.4%). The staging of the disease ranged from II to IV in 78.8% of the women. The time between the first symptom and treatment was 229 days (median). After detection of the first symptom, 52.9% of the women attended a consultation within 30 days and 88.8% took more than 90 days to start treatment. Women with elementary school education had a greater delay to the start of treatment (p=0.049). CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant delay to start treatment of women with breast cancer in public hospitals of the Federal District, suggesting that efforts should be made to reduce the time needed to schedule medical appointments and to diagnose and treat these patients.

Avaliação convencional e estesiômetro: resultados controversos na avaliação sensitiva no câncer de mama

This study, clinical, prospective, randomized study was conducted from August 2004 to February 2008 in a convenience sample of 60 women who underwent breast surgery with axillary dissection, divided into two groups (n = 30). The GI (Guidance Kit with different textures, to perform at home) and GII (control). The objective was to analyze the effect of home orientation in patients after surgery for breast cancer complaining of numbness, evaluation, and the conventional esthesiometer. The surface sensitivity was assessed by monofilament Semmes-Weinstein and evaluation using conventional two test tubes with hot water (38 to 43o C) and cold (16 to 27o C), paintbrush, needle. The GI was subjected to 10 sessions and assessments in both 3 times. The M1 (pre intervention), the M2 (post-intervention) after 10 sessions of physical therapy intervention and M3 (washout) after 3 months the second time for assessment. The region targeted for evaluation and intervention was the sensory nerve dermatome intercostobrachial. In the test of Goodman (conventional assessment) there was improvement in both groups, the P1, during the thermal evaluation. The t-test of student (esthesiometer) there was improvement in P2 only in GI (p = 0.003) between points 1 and 2 while the time 3 (p = 0.121 and p = 0.733 respectively). It was concluded that there were divergent and opposite results after examining the effect of home orientation in the nerve dermatome intercostobrachial, evaluation, and the conventional esthesiometer.