Estudio fitoquímico de algas marinas con actividad biológica en larvas de Aedes aegypty (Linnaeus)

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Química de Productos Naturales) UANL

Ecología de las algas bentónicas de tres localidades del litoral del Estado de Campeche, Méx. [por] Juan Ortiz Rosales

Tesis (Maestro en Ciencias con especialidad en Ecología Acuática y Pesca) UANL

Algas de interés sanitario, abundancia y diversidad en sistemas de potabilización de agua.

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Ingeniería Ambiental) UANL, 2011.

Componentes químicos de algas del estado de Tamaulipas y su aplicación farmacolología

Tesis (Doctorado en Ciencias con Especialidad en Química Biomédica) UANL

Condiciones ambientales, crecimiento y valor químico de algas marinas en dos localidades del estado de Tamaulipas, México

Tesis (Doctor en Ciencias con Especialidad en Alimentos) U.A.N.L.

Mecanismo de acción antiviral de polisacáridos sulfatados de algas sobre el virus de la enfermedad de newcastle y caracterización de mutantes resistentes.

Tesis (Doctor en Ciencias con especialidad en Microbiología) UANL, 2014.

Algas comunes de Asturias

La mayor parte de la informaci??n existente procede de publicaciones extranjeras dif??ciles de encontrar y comprender. Se dan claves de clasificaci??n

Una vegetación de ensueño : las algas.

Describe paso a paso cómo hacer una observación microscópica de algas. Para ello indica los pasos a seguir: adquisición del objeto de estudio ; material de laboratorio necesario para realizar la prueba; modo de hacer las preparaciones; observación microscópica de tres preparaciones para localizar el almidón, los cloroplastos, las diatomeas. Continúa con una explicación sobre las algas y su utilidad y termina con ejercicios de aplicación de lo observado.

Actividade de acetilcolinesterase em esponjas marinhas da costa portuguesa

As esponjas marinhas são organismos ubíquos possuindo muitas características que lhes conferem um elevado potencial como organismos bioindicadores. Dado que se reveste de enorme importância e premência o estabelecimento de um grande número de organismos que possam actuar como bioindicadores de exposição a poluentes, neste trabalho investigamos a presença do biomarcador acetilcolenesterase nas esponjas marinhas Spongia officianalis e Spongia agaricina. Os exemplos foram recolhidos em locais pré-seleccionados ao longo da costa oeste portuguesa em locais considerados não sujeitos a poluição. Escolheram-se também alguns pontos de amostragem onde pode ocorrer alguma actividade antropogénica. Para o estudo foi usado um método padrão de detecção da actividade de acetilcolinesterase - a produção do ião 5-tio-2-nitrobenzoato. Estabeleceu-se a presença de acetilcolinesterase nestas espécies e validou-se o método em termos de repetibilidade e reprodutibilidade para estes organismos. Foi também possível determinar o intervalo normal de valores de actividade específica de AChE para as espécies em estudo [0,000; 1,270] mU of AChE/mg of proteina para S. officinallis e [0,000; 1,439] mU of AChE/mg de proteina para S. agaricina.

Estudo comparativo de dois tipos de cultivo: monocultivo (camarões) versus cultivo integrado (algas/camarões)

The integrated culture of seaweed and aquatic animals is an ancient practice in Asian countries. The expansion of this practice to western countries is consequence of the recognition of this system as a sustainable alternative that allows economical diversification and mitigation of environmental impacts generated by effluents of aquaculture. This study evaluated the growth of the seaweed Gracilaria caudata and of the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in monoculture (shrimps) and integrated culture (shrimps and algae) systems, and accessed the effect of the seaweed in the water quality. There were two treatments in the experiment: monoculture (shrimps) and integrated culture (shrimps/ algae). The organisms were cultured in 6 aquaria (10L) filled with seawater (35.0±0.0 PSU and 28.1±0.4°C) for 28 days. The nutrients of water (PO43-, NH4+, NO2-, NO3- and DIN), the biomass and the relative growth rate (RGR, % day-1) of seaweed and shrimps were measured weekly. The parameters pH, temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen were measured daily. The concentration of NH4+ in integrated culture (62.8±25.2µM) was lower (Mann-Whitney p<0.001) than in monoculture (85.6±24.3µM). The mean of PO4- in monoculture (10.4±4.6µM) was markedly higher (Mann-Whitney; p=0.024) than that in integrated culture (8.7±4.1µM). The level of dissolved oxygen in integrated culture (6.0±0.6mg/L) was higher (t-Student; P=0.014) than that in shrimp monoculture (5.8±0.6mg/L). The mean values of the parameters pH, NO2-, NO3- and DIN were 7.5±0.2, 10.1±12.2µM, 24.5±3.2µM and 120.17±30.76µM in monoculture, and 7.5±0.2, 10.5±13.2µM, 27.4±3.5µM and 100.76±49.59µM in integrated culture. There were not differences in these parameters between treatments. The biomass and RGR of seaweed reached 15.0±1.9g and 7.4±2.8% day-1 at the end of the experiment. The performance of shrimp was favorable in monoculture (1.5±0.8g; 5.7±1.6% dia-1) and in integrated culture (1.5±0.7g; 5.2±1.2% dia-1), and the rate of survival was 100% in both treatments. The tolerance and favorable performance of Gracilaria caudata suggest that this seaweed might be integrated into shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) culture systems

Distribuição e abundância da malacofauna epibentônica no Parracho de Maracajaú, RN, Brasil

The mollusks present a great taxon variety and life habits in coral reefs being good environmental indicators. It is important to know the distribution pattern of the mollusks and the processes that influence it, so that disturbances in sea ecosystems could be monitored. The present study aims to accomplish the inventory and distribution of epibenthic mollusks in the Parracho of Maracajaú. 23 sites in different habitats of the Parracho were settled: 11 in the reef habitat, 3 in the sandy bottom and 9 in the seagrass bed. Qualitative and quantitative samplings have been done through snorkeling and scuba diving. Three band transects (10m²) were sampled in each site and the data were obtained to each m² of the transect, where the species were counted and the environmental variables (rugosity and recovery of the substratum) were valued. The data were submitted to multivariate analyses in order to find possible distribution patterns that could be associated to the substratum variables. The diversity indexes were calculated for each reef sites and compared with each other. A number of 46 species were registered. The reef habit at should to be the richnest area while the sandy bottom was poorest one. In the reef habitat, the mollusks were associated to rugosity and recovering of frondose algae and zoanthids, while for the seagrass bed, the animals exhibited a richness variation associated to the muddy and sandy sediment. There were found 3 species economically explored, what requires an appropriate management for the maintenance and conservation of the area resources in a sustainable way

Caracterização da captura incidental de tartarugas marinhas pela pesca de espinhel pelágico no Nordeste do Brasil

The marine turtles biological characteristics and the impact they have been suffering in consequence of human activities have caused in the last decades the decrease of populations to unsustainable levels. All four of the species described in this paper are registered as endangered in a list by IUCN: Caretta caretta, Lepidochelys olivacea, Chelonia mydas, Dermochelys coriacea. The main causes of such impact include several fishing activities, mostly the surface longline. This paper discusses the monitoring of two foreigner longline fleet along the North East Brazilian coast between October of 2004 and September of 2005. Both operated in the West South Atlantic, one using the Chinese technique and the other the American. The American method s target species is the swordfish (Xiphias gladius), and it is characterized by using squid as bait, J 9/0 offset 5º hook, light sticks and night soaking. It also operates in shallower waters than the Chinese method. The source of information about the efforts and the catches came from onboard observers and were used to calculate the catching rate of turtles over 1000 hooks (CPUE). The American equipment caught more turtles (CPUE = 0,059; N= 103), mainly D. coriacea, while the Chinese longline caught mainly the L. olivacea and presented a CPUE= 0,018 (N= 89). The hooks were most frequently found attached to the mouth of C. caretta, C. mydas, and L. olivacea. The D. coriacea were most frequently caught by hooks externally attached to different parts of their body. There was no significant difference between the hook type catching and most turtles were still alive when released. The results suggest a greater potential of turtle catching by the American method. Besides the statistic tests have showed less interaction between the Chinese equipment and marine turtles, the catches of this fishing technique could have been underestimated due to miscommunication between the onboard observer and the vessel s crew plus the retrieve of the longline during night time

Atividades anticoagulante e antioxidante de extratos brutos ricos em polissacarídeos sulfatados das macroalgas marinhas marrons Canistrocarpus cervicornis, Dictyota mertensii e Dictyopteris delicatula e de Heterofucanas de Canistrocarpus cervicornis

In the present study, extracts rich-sulfated polysaccharides were obtained from three different species of Dictyotales (a class of brown macroalgae): Canistrocarpus cervicornis, Dictyota mertensii and Dictyopteris delicatula and their anticoagulant and antioxidant activities were evaluated. All extracts showed anticoagulant activity on aPTT assay, but not on PT assay. Extracts also exhibited total antioxidant activity, superoxide radical scavenging capacity and ferric chelating property. The extract from C. cervicornis showed the best results and was choose to have their sulfated polysaccharides fractioned and subsequently analysed. Thus, six fractions (CC-0.3, CC-0.5, CC-0.7, CC-1.0, CC-1.2 and CC-2.0) were obtained by proteolysis followed by sequential acetone precipitation. Agarose gel eletrophoresis stained with blue toluidine, confirmed the presence of sulfated polysaccharides in all fractions. Chemical analyses showed that all fractions presented heterofucans mainly constitued by fucose, galactose, glucuronic acid and sulfate. Any fraction changed the PT. However, all fractions were able to double the aPTT on a dose-dependent manner. CC- 0.3, CC-0.5, CC-0.7 and CC-1.0 needed only 0.100 mg/mL to double the aPTT, result only 1.25 times higher than the Clexane® (0.080 mg/mL), a commercial low molecular heparin. The heterofucans presented appreciable total antioxidant capacity, low capacity on scavenging hydroxyl radical and good efficiency on scavenging superoxide radicals (except CC-1.0). CC-1.2 showed 43.1 % on superoxide radical scavenging. This result was higher than that showed by the same concentration of gallic acid (41.8 %), a known antioxidant. Furthermore, the heterofucans showed excelent activity on ferrous chelating activity (except CC-0.3). CC-0.5, CC-0.7 and CC-1.0 showed the highest activities with 47.0 % of ferrous chelating activity, a result 2.0 times lesser than that exhibited by the same concentration of EDTA. These results clearly indicated the beneficial effects of heterofucans extracted from C. cervicornis as potential anticoagulant and antioxidant agents. However additional steps of purification, structural studies, besides in vivo experiments are needed for these fucans may be used as therapeutic agents

Criptógamos do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga, São Paulo, SP: algas, 25: Bacillariophyceae (Naviculales: Pinnulariaceae)

Levantamento dos representantes da família Pinnulariaceae (Naviculales, Bacillariophyceae) do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga, São Paulo, Brasil. Foram identificados dois gêneros (Caloneis com 1 e Pinnularia com 12 espécies) e 20 táxons no total, distribuídos em 13 espécies e sete variedades não típicas de suas respectivas espécies. Uma variedade, Pinnularia brauniana (Grunow) Mills var. sanctipaulensis Rocha, é descrita como nova para a ciência. Pinnularia brauniana (Grunow) Mills var. sanctipaulensis Rocha e P. subgibba Krammer var. lanceolata Gaiser & Johanser são, geograficamente, as espécies mais bem distribuídas no PEFI por ocorrerem em 5 localidades cada; e Caloneis hyalina Hustedt, Pinnularia biceps Gregory var. biceps, P. grunowii Krammer, P. joculata (Manguin) Krammer, P. schoenfelderi Krammer, P. subanglica Krammer, P. tabellaria Ehrenberg e P. viridis (Nitzsch) Ehrenberg var. viridis as menos bem representadas, por ocorrerem em uma localidade apenas cada uma.