A Simple Hysteretic Energy Harvesting Method for Nonneutral AC Switches in Load Automation

This paper presents a simple hysteretic method to obtain the energy required to operate the gate-drive, sensors, and other circuits within nonneutral ac switches intended for use in load automated buildings. The proposed method features a switch-mode low part-count self-powered MOSFET ac switch that achieves efficiency and load current THD figures comparable to those of an externally gate-driven switch built using similar MOSFETS. The fundamental operation of the method is explained in detail, followed by the modifications required for practical implementation. Certain design rules that allow the method to accommodate a wide range of single-phase loads from 10 VA to 1 kVA are discussed, along with an efficiency enhancement feature based on inherent MOSFET characteristics. The limitations and side effects of the method are also mentioned according to their levels of severity. Finally, experimental results obtained using a prototype sensor switch are presented, along with a performance comparison of the prototype with an externally gate-driven MOSFET switch.

Growth Mechanism And Corrosion Behavior Of Ceramic Coatings On Aluminum Produced By Autocontrol Ac Pulse Peo

Ceramic coatings are produced on aluminum alloy by autocontrol AC pulse Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) with stabilized average current. Transient signal gathering system is used to study the current, voltage, and the transient wave during the PEO process. SEM, OM, XRD and EDS are used to study the coatings evolution of morphologies, composition and structure. TEM is used to study the micro profile of the outer looser layer and inner compact layer. Polarization test is used to study the corrosion property of PEO coatings in NaCl solution. According to the test results, AC pulse PEO process can be divided into four stages with different aspects of discharge phenomena, voltage and current. The growth mechanism of AC PEO coating is characterized as anodic reaction and discharge sintering effect. PEO coating can increase the corrosion resistance of aluminum alloy by one order or two; however, too long process time is not necessarily needed to increase the corrosion resistance. In condition of this paper, PEO coating at 60 min is the most protective coating for aluminum alloy substrate. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All fights reserved.

旋转流体侵入型异重流实验研究

文中介绍了对旋转系统中侵入型异重流特征的若干实验室观察结果,在Coriolis力作用下,异重流取沿岸(壁)流形式,其宽度与其Rossby变形半径成比例,在实验的参数范围内,这种沿岸流均为不稳定的,在其演化过程中产生出气旋——反气旋涡对,乃至与岸壁分离与再附的大弯曲,本文还初步考察了波长、相对厚度与Frou de数之间的关系。

托卡马克中凯尔文-亥姆霍尔茨不稳定性与密度分布及速度分布的关系

近年来,在托卡马克装置实验中观察到等离子体环的密度及环向速度沿半径都有变化。当反平行中性束注入时,密度分布对应空洞型温度(即中心温度低而外侧高),等离子体的稳定性变坏。本文对密变分布和速度分布对等离子体环的凯尔文-亥姆霍尔茨稳定性的影响分别进行了研究,得出,在托卡马克实验参数范围内,密度沿半径的分布会使凯尔文-亥姆霍尔茨稳定性变坏,从而为反平行注入对等离子体约束有明显破坏提供了一种可能的解释。

柔性弦中弹塑性波的传播

本文用Lagrange方法研究了弦中弹塑性枞波和横波的传播,对不论是强间断或弱间断建立了一般微分关系式.着重讨论了相似问题.对于无滑动冲击的情况,问题是容易求解的;对于滑动冲击的情况,在补充考察了摩擦条件后,问题也可以求解.此外,论证了能量守恒条件;讨论了理想塑性弦的特殊情况.文中指出了文献[1]和[2]的某些错误.

Numerical-simulation of ac plasma-arc thermodynamics

A mathematical model and approximate analysis for the energy distribution of an ac plasma arc with a moving boundary is developed. A simplified electrical conductivity function is assumed so that the dynamic behavior of the arc may be determined, independent of the gas type. The model leads to a reduced set of non-linear partial differential equations which governs the quasi-steady ac arc. This system is solved numerically and it is found that convection plays an important role, not only in the temperature distribution, but also in arc disruptions. Moreover, disruptions are found to be influenced by convection only for a limited frequency range. The results of the present studies are applicable to the frequency range of 10-10(2) Hz which includes most industry ac arc frequencies. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc.

流化床中垃圾与煤混烧的技术经济分析

本文对城市生活垃圾在流化床中与煤的混烧技术进行了分析;根据垃圾热值;讨论了低热值垃圾焚烧中添加煤混烧的必要性;给出了垃圾处置收费和售电价格对于混烧电厂的经济影响。结果表明:对于所给定焚烧项目的垃圾来讲,其垃圾的低位热值近似为 4200 kJ/kg,需要进行混烧,其中煤的比例应小于10～20％;垃圾量的提高,垃圾收费带来的收益九;而垃圾热值的提高,售电价格带来的收益大。增加垃圾收费补贴可鼓励焚烧厂焚烧更多的垃圾。

Novus orbis regionum ac insularum veteribus incognitarum : una cum tabula cosmographica & aliquot alijs consimilis argumenti libellis, quorum omnium catalogus sequenti patebit pagina : his accessit copiosus rerum memorabilium index

Esta coleção, geralmente conhecida por Grineu, foi compilada por Johann Huttich e publicada por Simon Grineu, que também escreveu e assinou o prefácio. A primeira edição, "muito e rara e de inestimável valor", segundo Borba de Moraes, foi publicada na Basiléia por Jo. Hervagium, em 1532. Dessa edição, a Biblioteca Nacional do Rio de Janeiro possui um exemplar que pertencia à Biblioteca da Ajuda. A obra foi reimpressa em Paris, em 1532, e novamente na Basiléia, em 1537. Esta edição foi acrescida da carta de Maximilianus Transilvanus, secretário de Carlos V, ao Cardeal de Salzburgo. Dentre as várias ediçoes, a mais completa é a de 1555. Relata as grandes navegações e as expedições de Cristovão Colombo, Pedro Alonso, Pinzoni, Americo Vespucio, dentre outros

Characteristics of an AC Three-Phase GlidArc Plasma Generator

M. tullii ciceronis orationum : cum optimis ac postremis exemplaribus accurate collatus

Titulo do v. 2 : m. tulli ciceronis orationes

Io. gottl. heineccii, iureconsulti quondam celeberrimi : recitationes in elementa iuris civilis secundum ordinem institutionum, accedunt io. christ. gottl. heineccii ... commentarius de vita, fatis ac scriptis b. parentis, auctior emendatior christiani thomasii, delineatio historiae juris nec non burc. gottelf. struvii, bibliotheca juris selectissima cum notis hen. contelmanni, ubi praestantiora iurisconsultorum opera ad nostra usque tempora referuntur

Título Uniforme : Corpus Juris Civilis. Institutas.