A just claim?

Discusses the law relating to the payment of occupation rent to a co-owner by the party remaining in the property after a relationship breakdown both under the Trusts of Land and Appointment of Trustees Act 1996 and where the Act is not applicable. Considers, with reference to the Chancery Division decision in Re Barcham, whether a trustee in bankruptcy acting on behalf of the non-occupying person can claim an occupation rent under the court's equitable jurisdiction.

Relationship between biomedical catheter surface properties and lubricity as determined using textural analysis and multiple regression analysis

In this study, the surface properties of and work required to remove 12 commercially available and developmental catheters from a model biological medium (agar), a measure of catheter lubricity, were characterised and the relationships between these properties were examined using multiple regression and correlation analysis. The work required for removal of catheter sections (7 cm) from a model biological medium (1% w/w agar) were examined using tensile analysis. The water wettability of the catheters were characterised using dynamic contact angle analysis, whereas surface roughness was determined using atomic force microscopy. Significant differences in the ease of removal were observed between the various catheters, with the silicone-based materials generally exhibiting the greatest ease of removal. Similarly, the catheters exhibited a range of advancing and receding contact angles that were dependent on the chemical nature of each catheter. Finally, whilst the microrugosities of the various catheters differed, no specific relationship to the chemical nature of the biomaterial was apparent. Using multiple regression analysis, the relationship between ease of removal, receding contact angle and surface roughness was defined as: Work done (N mm) 17.18 + 0.055 Rugosity (nm)-0.52 Receding contact angle (degrees) (r = 0.49). Interestingly, whilst the relationship between ease of removal and surface roughness was significant (r = 0.48, p = 0.0005), in which catheter lubricity increased as the surface roughness decreased, this was not the case with the relationship between ease of removal and receding contact angle (r = -0.18, p > 0.05). This study has therefore uniquely defined the contributions of each of these surface properties to catheter lubricity. Accordingly, in the design of urethral catheters. it is recommended that due consideration should be directed towards biomaterial surface roughness to ensure maximal ease of catheter removal. Furthermore, using the method described in this study, differences in the lubricity of the various catheters were observed that may be apparent in their clinical use. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A family of kassinatuerin-2 related peptides from the skin secretion of the African hyperoliid frog, Kassina maculata.

We describe the isolation and structural characterization of a family of antimicrobial peptides related to kassinatuerin-2, from the skin secretion of the African hyperoliid frog, Kassina maculata. All four peptides, designated kassinatuerin-2Ma through Md, are C-terminally-amidated 20-mers with the consensus sequence – FX1GAIAAALPHVIX2AIKNAL – where X1 = L/F/V/I and X2 = S/N. All four peptides are encoded by precursors of 69 amino acids. Synthetic replicates of all kassinatuerin-2 related peptides displayed a potent inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus with a minimal inhibitory concentration of 16 µM, at which concentration, however, they effected 18% haemolysis of horse erythrocytes after 2 h. Despite obvious membranolytic properties, all peptides were ineffective at inhibiting the growth of Escherichia coli at concentrations up to 200 µM and were relatively ineffective against Candida albicans (MIC 120 µM). The kassinatuerin-2 related peptides of K. maculata skin secretion thus possess a discrete antimicrobial and weak haemolytic activity in contrast to the prototype kassinatuerin-2 from the skin secretion of Kassina senegalensis.

Measuring the solubility of benzoic acid in room temperature ionic liquids using chronoamperometric techniques

The electrochemical reduction of benzoic acid (BZA) has been studied at platinum micro-electrodes (10 and 2 mu m diameters) in acetonitrile (MeCN) and six room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs): [C(2)mim][NTf2], [C(4)min][NTf2], [C(4)mpyrr][NTf2], [C(4)mim][BF4], [C(4)mim][NO3] and [C(4)mim][PF6] (where [C(n)mim](+)=1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium, [NTf2](-)=bis(trifluoromethylsulphonyl)imide, [C(4)mpyrr](+)=N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium, [BF4](-)=tetrafluoroborate, [NO3](-)=nitrate and [PF6] = hexafluorophosphate). Based on the theoretical fitting to experimental chronoamperometric transients in [C4mpyrr][NTf2] and MeCN at several concentrations and on different size electrodes, it is suggested that a fast chemical step preceeds the electron transfer step in a CE mechanism (given below) in both RTILs and MeCN, leading to the appearance of a simple one-electron transfer mechanism.

A Highly Efficient Palladium(II)/Polyoxometalate Catalyst System for Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols

A simple catalyst system composed of Pd(OAc)2, phosphomolybdic acid and tetrabutylammonium acetate oxidises a range of alcohols efficiently, with turnover numbers (TONs) of up to 10 000.

Emotional development among early school-age children: Gender differences in the role of problem behaviours

There has been an increasing focus on social and emotional development in educational programmes in early childhood as both variables are believed to influence behavioural outcomes in the classroom. However, relationships between social and emotional development and behaviour in early childhood have rarely been explored. This article sets out to investigate the conceptualisation of these variables and their inter-relationships. Structural equation models were used to assess if differences exist between boys and girls in relation to social and emotional competences, which could affect the relative success of such programmes. This article is based on cross-sectional data collected from 749 four- to six-year-olds and their teachers. The findings generally supported the hypothesised relationships between social and emotional development variables and prosocial behaviour (including internalising behaviour) for boys and girls. However, some gender differences were noted in externalising behaviour, which teachers often consider to be most significant due to its potentially disruptive nature in the classroom.

Complementarity’s monopoly on justice in Uganda: the International Criminal Court, victims and Thomas Kwoyelo

Complementarity has been extolled as the pioneering way for the International Criminal Court (ICC) to navigate the difficulties of state sovereignty when investigating and prosecuting international crimes. Victims have often been held up to justify and legitimise the work of the ICC and states complementing the Court through domestic processes. This article examines how Uganda has developed its laws, legal procedure, and accountability for international crimes over the past decade. This has culminated in the trial of Thomas Kwoyelo, which after five years of proceedings, has yet to move to the trial phase, due to the issue of an amnesty. While there has been a profusion of provisions to allow victims to participate, avail of protection measures and reparations, in practice very little has changed for them. This article highlights the dangers of complementarity being the sole solution to protracted conflicts, in particular the realisation of victims’ rights.

Web 2.0, PC e EFA: impactes de uma oficina de formação de professores

As competências em Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação (TIC) e o Pensamento Crítico (PC) são duas das linhas orientadoras da Aprendizagem ao Longo da Vida (ALV) que reconhecendo que todos os contextos (informais, não-formais e formais) podem ser de aprendizagem, assumiram no quadro da Educação e Formação de Adultos (EFA), em Portugal, uma expressividade plasmada no Referencial de Competências-Chave de Educação e Formação de Adultos, nível secundário (EFA-NS). Contudo a orientação PC/TIC não tem sido explicitamente conciliada nas práticas de educação e formação de adultos. Neste contexto desenvolveu-se uma Oficina de Formação para professores/formadores de cursos EFA-NS, na qual se trabalhou a integração de ferramentas da Web 2.0 com a infusão de PC em materiais/atividades para cursos EFA-NS. No desenvolvimento da Oficina foram consideradas três vertentes. Primeira, conceções dos professores sobre EFA/TIC e EFA/PC. Segunda, a formação sobre PC/TIC. Terceira, produção e implementação de materiais/atividades com orientação PC/TIC. A componente de trabalho autónomo da Oficina passou essencialmente pela dinâmica de uma comunidade online de nome EF@. O grupo de formação era constituído por 17 professores do ensino secundário, e pela investigadora/formadora, autora deste estudo. Acrescente-se que no conjunto das 10 sessões de trabalho presencial a investigadora/formadora foi coadjuvada por mais três formadores. Estudar os impactes da Oficina no desenvolvimento profissional dos professores, conjuntamente com a avaliação da influência dos materiais/atividades produzidos (na Oficina) no nível de PC dos alunos, assumiram-se como as duas questões de investigação a que este estudo pretendeu dar resposta. Neste sentido estudámos o grupo de professores em formação – estudo de caso – e o grupo de alunos – plano quasi experimental do tipo grupo de controlo/experimental, pré/pós-teste, pelo que o enquadramento da metodologia num estudo misto, predominantemente de natureza qualitativa, foi a adotada. A recolha e o tratamento de dados foram feitos mediante várias técnicas – observação, inquérito, análise e testagem – associadas a diferentes instrumentos: dois questionários, diário de investigador e Teste de Pensamento Crítico – Cornell (Nível X). A análise dos dados recolhidos possibilitou a compreensão de como a Oficina contribui para a reflexão: (i) nas práticas anteriores dos professores; (ii) nas competências adquiridas na Oficina e (iii) nas práticas implementadas. Ao nível do PC dos alunos, podemos dizer que os materiais/atividades produzidos na Oficina influenciaram o nível de PC dos alunos, já que os resultados da média do PC do pós-teste foram estatisticamente significativos para o grupo experimental, quando comparado com a média do PC no grupo de controlo.

Representações/expectativas sobre o processo de reconhecimento, validação e certificação de competências (RVCC): da utopia à realidade

O Programa Novas Oportunidades valoriza a Aprendizagem ao Longo da Vida (ALV). Algumas pessoas que abandonaram a escola vêem, na actualidade, certificadas as suas competências, ao frequentarem o Processo RVCC. Através do estudo ―Representações/Expectativas sobre o Processo de Reconhecimento, Validação e Certificação de Competências (RVCC): Da utopia à realidade, pretendemos saber as representações/expectativas iniciais que os sujeitos possuíam e se estas, no final, se viram confirmadas. As opiniões sobre o processo, após a sua conclusão, foi um dos vectores tido em atenção. Verificou-se que, de entre as várias motivações para a inscrição no processo RVCC, as principais se prendem com a vontade dos adultos continuarem os estudos depois de terem parado, o desejo de aprenderem mais/saber coisas novas, a Progressão no emprego e Mais possibilidades de escolher o tipo de emprego. As razões da opção pelo processo RVCC fundamentam-se no facto de se tratar de um Processo de valorização de conhecimentos e por ser rápido, havendo outras razões menos abordadas. As relacionadas com a sua rapidez e facilidade encontram-se depen-dentes, respectivamente, das variáveis idade e género. A valorização profissional e a progressão nos estudos constituem as principais expectativas que os sujeitos possuíam anteriormente. As expectativas iniciais viram-se muito (61,11%) e muitíssimo (23,15%) confirmadas. O Reconhecimento do saber experiencial e as Valorizações académica e pessoal foram aspectos importantes para que tal acontecesse. No final, os adultos opinam favoravelmente sobre o processo, enfatizando as metodologias, a gratificação sentida, a reflexão sobre as aprendizagens e a melhoria da auto- -estima. Salientam que a frequência do processo lhes trouxe mudanças académicas e pessoais. No contexto profissional são menos notórias, conquanto seja expectável que ocorram melhorias.

A case study in identifying acceptable bitrates for human face recognition tasks

Face recognition from images or video footage requires a certain level of recorded image quality. This paper derives acceptable bitrates (relating to levels of compression and consequently quality) of footage with human faces, using an industry implementation of the standard H.264/MPEG-4 AVC and the Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) recording systems on London buses. The London buses application is utilized as a case study for setting up a methodology and implementing suitable data analysis for face recognition from recorded footage, which has been degraded by compression. The majority of CCTV recorders on buses use a proprietary format based on the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC video coding standard, exploiting both spatial and temporal redundancy. Low bitrates are favored in the CCTV industry for saving storage and transmission bandwidth, but they compromise the image usefulness of the recorded imagery. In this context, usefulness is determined by the presence of enough facial information remaining in the compressed image to allow a specialist to recognize a person. The investigation includes four steps: (1) Development of a video dataset representative of typical CCTV bus scenarios. (2) Selection and grouping of video scenes based on local (facial) and global (entire scene) content properties. (3) Psychophysical investigations to identify the key scenes, which are most affected by compression, using an industry implementation of H.264/MPEG-4 AVC. (4) Testing of CCTV recording systems on buses with the key scenes and further psychophysical investigations. The results showed a dependency upon scene content properties. Very dark scenes and scenes with high levels of spatial–temporal busyness were the most challenging to compress, requiring higher bitrates to maintain useful information.

L'Écho de Paris

1888/02/17 (Numéro 1428).

Mélanges sur l'histoire de la Champagne.

Contient : Chartes de l'abbaye de Montiéramey ; Extraits du nécrologe de la même abbaye ; Charte de Marie, duchesse de Bar, pour Montiéramey ; Vente faite au chapitre de Troyes par Jean de Vellery ; Extraits du cartulaire de Longuay (1170-1276), par Camuzat ; Titres de la commanderie du Temple de Troyes ; Chartes de Montiéramey ; Chartes du prieuré du Saint-Sépulcre ; Inventaire des titres de la maison de Brienne ; Notes sur Larrivour ; Pièces relatives à la maison de Brienne et de Luxembourg, rangées par ordre chronologique ; Testament de Robert de Colaverdey ; Testament d'Ysabeau de Flamericourt, veuve du précédent ; Pièces relatives à Jean et Pierre de Foicy ; Extrait d'un registre de l'évêque de Troyes ; Épitaphes de Troyes ; Extrait d'un registre de l'évêque de Troyes ; Chartes de l'abbaye de Trois-Fontaines ; Actes relatifs à la maison de Brienne-Luxembourg ; Union de la Maison-Dieu du Chêne à l'abbaye de Saint-Rémi de Reims ; Actes relatifs à la maison de Brienne ; Actes concernant les salines de Vic ; Arrêt du Parlement touchant la possession du comté de Roucy ; Arrêt du Parlement en faveur de l'Hôtel-Dieu de Corbeil contre Claude de Châtillon ; Donation du comté d'Eu au comte de Saint-Pol ; Renonciation par Ogier, sire de Gigny, à la dîme du « Meis Thiecelin », en faveur de l'église de Troyes ; Arrêt du Parlement de Paris concernant la maison de Salignac ; Fondation du monastère de Saint-Pierremont ; Chartes de l'abbaye de Trois-Fontaines ; Lettres de l'empereur Maximilien confirmant à François de Bourbon, comte de Saint-Pol, le comté de Roucy ; Note d'un missel de Jean de Saarebruck ; Donation faite par Jeanne de France, comtesse de Roussillon, à Jean d'Anneville ; Acquisition par Charles V des villes de Mouzon et Beaumont ; Testament de Jeanne de Champagne, reine de France ; Fragment d'une requête adressée au roi par les héritiers du sr de Couasnay ; Fondation de l'église de Notre-Dame de Rosnay par le comte Isembard ; Aveu rendu au roi par Claude de Dinteville ; Diplôme du roi Eudes pour Montiéramey ; Chartes de Montiérender