Reactions of tetrahalogeno-o-benzoquinones—Part VII. Reaction of alkyl-2-naphthols with tetrachloro-o-benzoquinone

Reaction of 8-methyl-2-naphthol (4a) with the quinone3 gave a mixture of 8-methyl-2,2-(tetrachlorohenylenedioxy)naphthalen-1(2H)-one (1b) and 8-methyl-1,1-(tetrachloro-o-phenylenedioxy)naphthalen-2(1H)-one (2b) in almost equal amounts. Similarly, reaction of the naphthols (4b), (4d) and (4e) with3 gave the corresponding dienones (1c &2c), (1e &2e) and (1f &2f) in almost equal amounts. Reaction of 8-t-butyl-2-naphthol (4c) with3 gave exclusively 8-t-butyl-2,2-(tetrachloro--henylenedioxy)-naphthalen-1(2H)-one (1d). Oxidation of 3-t-butyl-2-naphthol (4f) with3 gave a mixture of 3-t-butyl-2,2-(tetrachloro-o-phenylendioxy) nephthalene-1(2H)-one(1g) and 3-t-butyl-1,1-(tetrachloro--phenylenedioxy)naphthelen-2 (1H)-one (2g) in the ratio 1∶6. Thus, onlyt-butyl group exherts pronounced steric influence on the rearrangement observed in the reaction of β-naphthol with the quinone3. Structures of all the compounds have been established by spectral data.

Supramolecular Chirality in Organogels: A Detailed Spectroscopic, Morphological, and Rheological Investigation of Gels (and Xerogels) Derived from Alkyl Pyrenyl Urethanes

This Article addresses the formation of chiral supramolecular structures in the organogels derived from chiral organogelator 1R (or 2R), and its mixtures with its enantiomer (1S) and achiral analogue 3 by extensive circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopic measurements. Morphological analysis by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were complemented by the measurements of their bulk properties by thermal stability and rheological studies. Specific molecular recognition events (1/3 vs 2/3) and solvent effects (isooctane vs dodecane) were found to be critical in the formation of chiral aggregates. Theoretical studies were also carried out to understand the interactions responsible for the formation of the superstructures.

Diffusion coefficients for selected binary liquid systems: cyclohexanes and n-alkyl alcohols

In the present work the integral diffusion coefficients are estimated by using the diaphragm cell technique. The diffusion coefficients are measured at various compositions for two sets binary systems: one of cyclohexane and n-paraffinic alcohols and the other of methylcyclohexane and n-paraffinic alcohols. The alcohols used are seven members of homologous series of n-paraffinic alcohols from ethanol to octanol. The maximum possible error in the experimental diffusion coefficient could be 8% for both the cyclohexane-n-alkyl alcohol system and methylcyclohexane-n-alkyl alcohol system. A correlation for each of the two sets of binary systems is given. The maximum deviation in the correlations was less than 6.5 and 3.5% for cyclohexane-n-alkyl alcohols and methylcyclohexane-n-alkyl alcohols, respectively.

Mutual diffusion coefficients of some binary liquid systems: benzene-n-alkyl alcohol

The mutual diffusion coefficients for binary liquid systems of benzene-n-alkyl alcohol at various compositions have been determined by the diaphragm cell method at 28-degrees-C. The alcohols used were the members of n-paraffinic alcohols ranging from C1 to C8. The maximum possible experimental error is 14%. The data were fitted with a generalized correlation, giving the deviation from the experimental data to within 2.75%, on average.

Estimation Of Charge Transport Parameters And Equivalent Circuit For Poly Alkyl Thiophene Field-Effect Transistors

The small signal ac response is measured across the source-drain terminals of organic field-effect transistors (OFET) under dc bias to obtain the equivalent circuit parameters of poly(2,5-bis(3-tetradecylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) (PBTTT) and poly(3-hexyl thiophene) (P3HT) based devices. The numerically simulated response based on these parameters is in good agreement with the experimental data for PBTTT-FET except at low frequencies, while the P3HT-FET data show significant deviations. This indicates that the interface with the metal electrode is rather complex for the latter, involving additional circuit elements arising from contact impedance or charge injection processes. Such an investigation can help in identifying the operational bottlenecks and to improve the performance of OFETs.

Kinetics of sono-photooxidative degradation of poly(alkyl methacrylate)s

The mechano-chemical degradation of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA) and poly(n-butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) using ultrasound (US), ultraviolet (UV) radiation and a photoinitiator (benzoin) has been investigated. The degradation of the polymers was monitored using the reduction in number average molecular weight (M-n) and polydispersity (PDI). A degradation mechanism that included the decomposition of the initiator, generation of polymer radicals by the hydrogen abstraction of initiator radicals, reversible chain transfer between stable polymer and polymer radicals was proposed. The mechanism assumed mid-point chain scission due to US and random scission due to UV radiation. A series of experiments with different initial M-n of the polymers were performed and the results indicated that, irrespective of the initial PDI, the PDI during the sono-photooxidative degradation evolved to a steady state value of 1.6 +/- 0.05 for all the polymers. This steady state evolution of PDI was successfully predicted by the continuous distribution kinetics model. The rate coefficients of polymer scission due to US and UV exhibited a linear increase and decrease with the size of the alkyl group of the poly(alkyl methacrylate)s, respectively. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Ab initio molecular orbital calculations on ion pair-water complexes of metal halides and oxides

Ab initio MO calculations are performed on a series of ion-molecular and ion pair-molecular complexes of H2O + MX (MX = LiF, LiCl, NaCl, BeO and MgO) systems. BSSE-corrected stabilization energies, optimized geometrical parameters, internal force constants and harmonic vibrational frequencies have been evaluated for all the structures of interest. The trends observed in the geometrical parameters and other properties calculated for the mono-hydrated contact ion pair complexes parallel those computed for the complexes of the individual ions. The bifurcated structures are found to be saddle points with an imaginary frequency corresponding to the rocking mode of water molecules. The solvent-shared ion pair complexes have high interaction energies. Trends in the internal force constant and harmonic frequency values are discussed in terms of ion-molecular and ion-pair molecular interactions.

Synthesis and studies of Rh(I) catalysts within and across poly(alkyl aryl ether) dendrimers

In order to study the efficiencies of catalytic moieties within and across dendrimer generations, partially and fully functionalized dendrimers were synthesized. Poly(alkyl aryl ether) dendrimers from zero to three generations, presenting 3 to 24 peripheral functionalities, were utilized to prepare as many as 12 catalysts. The dendrimer peripheries were partially and fully functionalized with triphenylphosphine in the first instance. A rhodium(I) metal complexation was performed subsequently to afford multivalent dendritic catalysts, both within and across generations. Upon synthesis, the dendritic catalysts were tested in the hydrogenation of styrene, in a substrate-to-catalyst ratio of 1:0.001. Turn-over-numbers were evaluated for each catalyst, from which significant increases in the catalytic activities were identified for multivalent catalysts than monovalent catalysts, both within and across generations. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Highly selective sulfur transfer reaction in the solid state

Benzyltriethylammonium tetrathiomolybdate 1 reacts readily with benzyl halides, alkyl iodides and acyl halides in the solid state to give the corresponding disulfides in good yields and with remarkable selectivity.

Orientational Order of Liquid-Crystalline 4-Alkyl-N-(p-cyanophenyl)piperidines by 2H and 13C NMR Spectroscopies

The orientational order of nematic 4-alkyl-N-(4-cyanophenyl) piperidines (I) has been determined from H-2 and C-13 NMR spectra. Molecular-order parameters are derived from the carbon-13 chemical shift of the cyano carbon atom in the nematic and the isotropic phases; the sign of the diamagnetic anisotropy is positive. Deuterium quadrupolar splittings from the partially deuterated piperidine ring of I are then related to various C-D bonds.

Application of scaled particle theory to alkyl-aryl surfactants: a two zone model of micellar core

Scaled Particle Theory (SPT) has been applied to predict the total free energies of micellization of ionic as well as nonionic micellar systems containing an aryl ring. A modification of the previously developed model has been made, proposing a two-zone model of micellar core which corroborates with the structural information available for such systems. The results are in good agreement with experimental data and also confirm the dictating role of cavity forming free energies for such systems