PP—g—AA增容尼龙1010／聚丙烯三元共混体系性能研究

用反应挤出方法制备了聚丙烯接枝丙烯酸（ＰＰ—ｇ—ＡＡ）。用电子显微镜观测了不同ＰＰ—ｇ—ＡＡ含量的ＰＡ１０１０／ＰＰ／ＰＰ—ｇ—ＡＡ三元共混物的形态。与没有加ＰＰ一ｇ—ＡＡ的共混体系相比，增容共混中分散相尺寸明显减小，两相间镶嵌更深。ＰＰ—ｇ—ＡＡ作为第三组分加入对其物理力学性能有一定程度的改善。热分析结果表明三元共混体系中尼龙１０１０的结晶行为发生明显变化。

THE INFLUENCE OF GAMMA-RADIATION ON POLYAMIDE-1010 AGGREGATE STRUCTURES

The influence of gamma-radiation on polyamide 1010 aggregate structures and crystal damage were examined by using wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) techniques. The results revealed that some structural parameters of the aggregated state, the density differences and the degree of crystallinity W-c,W-x, essentially decreased with increasing radiation dose, but the specific surface O-s increased. Crosslinking and scission of irradiated polyamide 1010 samples occurred mainly in amorphous and interphase regions, and crystal damage and amorphization induced by gamma-radiation spread from the interphase and extended into the crystal phase with increasing radiation dose. This result also indicated that the (010) reflection with the hydrogen bond was more susceptible to the action of radiation.

The influence of heat treatment on polyamide-1010 structures of the aggregated state

The structural parameters of the aggregated state under various heat treatment for PA-1010 samples were computed by means of the desmearing intensity from SAYS, and by using the concept of the distance distribution function and 1D EDCF method. The results revealed that the maximum values of Q, I(0), P-max(Z), dtr, Rg and W-c,W-x were obtained nearby T=175 degreesC for PA-1010 samples with various annealing treatment. The higher degree of the crystallinity, the greater values of all the structural parameters of the aggregated state for PA-1010 samples were.

热致液晶共聚酯／Nylon－1010共混物的研究

利用偏光显微镜（ＰＬＭ），差示扫描量热计及广角Ｘ－射线衍射等手段研究了热致液晶共聚酯／Ｎｙｌｏｎ－１０１０共混体系．发现当热致液晶共聚酯（ＨＴＨ１０）含量达到３０％时共混物微结构与纯ＨＴＨ１０相似．尼龙－１０１０的结晶度先是随ＨＴＨ１０含量增加而增加，随后又随之下降，但其结晶温度却随ＨＴＨ１０加入而单调下降，共混物的熔融热焓△Ｈｍ在ＨＴＨ１０含量为３０％时与计算值有较大的偏差，广角Ｘ－射线衍射结果表明，此时共混物结构发生了较为明显的变化，两组份之间在此时存在一定的相互作用．

热致液晶乙基纤维素与尼龙－1010共混物的研究

在自制单螺杆小型挤出机上通过熔融共混的办法，制备了不同配比（５／９５—２５／７５）的ＥＣ／Ｎｙｌｏｎ—１０１０共混物．用ＷＡＸＤ、ＤＳＣ、毛细管流变仪、力学性能测试等方法对共混物进行了研究．发现共混后尼龙－１０１０的形态结构有明显改变，其强度、模量都有提高，在高剪切速率下，共混物粘度大大降低．配比为１５８５时，这些性能的改进尤为明显．

尼龙1010/乙丙共聚物共混体系形态与性能研究

在过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)的引发下,用反应挤出的方法制备了乙丙共聚物接枝甲基丙烯酸环氧丙酯(EPM-g-GMA).用Brabender单螺杆挤出机制备了不同组成的EPM/尼龙1010及EPM-g-GMA/尼龙-1010的共混物.用电子显微镜观察了不同共混组成的形态.与EPM/尼龙1010共混体系相比,EPM-g-GMA/尼龙1010体系中EPM在尼龙1010中分散相尺寸明显降低,EPM-g-GMA的加入对该共混体系的物理机械性能有明显改善.

混合液晶与尼龙1010三元共混物的研究

采用ＤＳＣ、ＰＯＭ、ＳＥＭ及力学性能测试，研究了不同对羟基苯甲酸（ＰＨＢ）和对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（ＰＥＴ）含量的液晶共聚酯ＰＥＴ４０／ＰＨＢ６０（ＬＣＰＩ）和ＰＥＴ３０／ＰＨＢ７０（ＬＣＰ２）的共混物与尼龙１０１０为基体的三元共混体系，结果表明，液晶共混物的力学性能比单组分有明显提高，通过改变混合液晶中两种组分的含量可调节其加工温度与粘度，从而满足了与尼龙１０１０共混的加工窗口要求。混合液晶的加入对尼龙１０１０的结晶与熔融行为无多大的影响。因缺乏必要的拉伸流动，共混物中液晶相取向较差，力学性能提高不明显．

GAMMA-RADIATION DAMAGE TO POLYAMIDE-1010 CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE

Radiation effects on polyamide-1010 specimens having various states of aggregation were studied using wide angle X-ray diffraction, electron spin resonance, calorific and sol measurement techniques. Experimental results indicated that chain crosslinking

辐照半结晶聚合物—尼龙1010的ESR研究

尼龙1010(以下简称PA1010)是半结晶聚合物。我们采用不同浓度的成核剂,通过淬火和退火的方法制备了不同微晶尺寸的试样,用~(60)Coγ—射线进行辐照,利用ESR方法研究其交联和裂解反应的机理。

尼龙－1010的聚集态结构

用ＷＡＸＤ、ＤＳＣ、方差－范围函数．密度测量等方法，研究了经不同热处理的尼龙－１０１０的聚集态结构．发现退火处理更有利于尼龙－１０１０结晶的生成和稳定，且尼龙－１０１０的结晶，有一个最佳的热处理温度．在该温度附近，尼龙－１０１０的结晶度和微晶尺寸里最大值．

聚酰胺─1010的辐射裂解与后裂解机理的ESR研究

用电子顺磁共振技术（ＥＳＲ）研究了γ－辐照聚酰胺－１０１０中俘获自由基的结构、升温中的转化与行为，及它们与其结构和转变多重性的联系，讨论了聚酰胺－１０１０辐射裂解和后裂解的反应机理及反应区域等问题。

用WAXD和SAXS研究辐照聚酰胺1010结构

用ＷＡＸＤ和ＳＡＸＳ方法研究了聚酰胺１０１０的聚集态结构和结晶结构的辐射损伤过程和机理。辐射交联与裂解主要在非晶区和结晶表面或中间相发生；辐射损伤并从这里开始，随辐射剂量增大，非晶化逐渐向晶区伸展，有氢键的（０１０）晶面损伤几率高于（１００）晶面；辐射后效应导致新的交联与裂解生成，主要影响（０１０）晶面的形成与完善，使Ｌ１００及Ｗｃ变小。

CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE AND THERMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS OF NYLON-1010

WAXD, SAXS, FTIR, DSC and density techniques have been used to investigate the crystal structure, crystal density rho(c), amorphous density rho(a), equilibrium heat of fusion DELTAH(m)degrees and equilibrium melting temperature T(m)degrees. By extrapolating the straight lines in the FTIR absorbance against density plot to zero intensity, rho(c) and rho(a) were estimated to be 1.098 and 1.003 g/cm3 respectively. The rho(c) obtained was too low in value. From X-ray diffraction patterns of uniaxially oriented fibres, the crystal structure of Nylon-1010 was determined. The Nylon-1010 crystallized in the triclinic system, with lattice dimensions: a = 4.9 angstrom, b = 5.4 angstrom, c = 27.8 angstrom, alpha = 49-degrees, beta = 77-degrees, gamma = 63.5-degrees. The unit cell contained one monomeric unit, the space group was P1BAR, and the correct value of rho(c) was 1.135 g/cm3. The degree of crystallinity of the polymer was determined as about 60% (at RT) using Ruland's method. SAXS has been used to investigate the crystalline lamellar thickness, long period, transition zone, the specific inner surface and the electron density difference between the crystalline and amorphous regions for Nylon-1010. The analysis of data was based upon a one-dimensional electron-density correlation function. DELTAH(m)degrees was estimated to be 244.0 J/g by extrapolation of DELTAH(m)degrees in the plot of heat of fusion against specific volume of semicrystalline specimens to the completely crystalline condition (V(sp)c = 1/rho(c)). Owing to the ease of recrystallization of melt-crystallized Nylon-1010 specimens, the well-known Hoffman's T(m)-T(c) method failed in determining T(m)degrees and a Kamide double extrapolation method was adopted. The T(m)degrees value so obtained was 487 K.

尼龙1010结晶与熔融行为的研究

用DSC研究了降温速率R对尼龙10 10结晶与熔融的影响,以及室温(RT)和液氮(LN)骤冷退火样品的熔融.降温时结晶温度随R增大线性降低;T_g以上可完成结晶时结晶度相同;结晶起始温度>181℃生成的晶体有三个熔融峰,对应于环状和放射状球晶的转化与熔融;在181℃和T_g间结晶,无放射球晶转化峰;T_g下有结晶放热峰样品加热时有冷结晶发生.RT未退火样品三个熔融峰,退火温度T_α≥180℃样品两个峰,结晶度C∝T_a;LN未退火样品单一熔融峰,T_a>160℃双峰,T_a≤160℃三峰,低温峰温与C均∝T.

等温熔体结晶尼龙1010的晶体结构

WAXD研究表明,在结晶温度T_c≤196℃时,尼龙1010等温熔体结晶样品的结晶度X_c和微晶尺寸L_(100)随T_c升高近乎线性增大,而氢键面上的相对衍射强度R却降低;T_c>196℃后三者与T_c关系发生相反变化。结晶速率快时有利于分子链在垂直于氢键平面方向上堆砌,反之有利于在平行于氢键平面方向上生长。